基于能量区域代理机制的移动Sink路由算法

文章提出基于能量区域代理机制的移动Sink路由算法。该算法使用剩余能量扫描算法将系统划分为若干个能量相近的区域,再在每个能量区域内构建路由信息,根据已构建的路由信息选择代理节点作为能量区域内信息存储和与Sink通信的节点,根据代理节点的分布制定Sink最小移动路径策略。仿真实验表明,在网络中使用该算法可以使网络能量得到更均衡合理充分的利用,可以很好地延长网络寿命。     

基于功率约束及节点频谱选择的认知协同路由

为了提升认知无线网络的数据传输效率,优化节点能量负载,提出一种协同路由算法。基于覆盖与底层技术的协作设计一种协同网络架构,该架构针对网络频带表现多样化提供了一种新的频谱选择策略,提升频谱资源效用。结合协同网络频谱选择时的干扰特性,根据频谱、干扰和功率约束关系,提出最大化链路容量的频谱及节点功率分配方法。在协同路由设计上引入了频谱效用参数,参数的度量标准涉及节点剩余能量和链路容量,以优化路由节点能量负载和传输效率为目的。仿真对比结果表明,算法有效地利用信道接入机会进行数据转发,提高了传输效率,相比基于竞争进化算法的多播路由方法,数据包传递成功率提升了1．4％,平均网络吞吐量高出8．4％,平均节点剩余能量高出3．2％,在均衡节点负载上性能良好。     

机会网络中基于节点效用和能量的路由算法

在不具备完整传输路径的机会网络中,为进一步提高投递率和传输速度,一般使用效用和冗余混合的路由机制,但该机制仍存在较高网络开销以及高效用节点能量消耗过快等问题。基于上述情况,提出了一种基于节点效用和能量的路由方案,考虑到节点关系的自身差异性和动态变化性对路由的影响,充分利用节点的社会关系计算节点效用,并综合节点的剩余能量判断节点的转发能力,实现在多备份路由中进一步降低网络开销和均衡节点能量消耗的目标。最后,通过仿真实验与其他算法进行对比,实验结果表明,提出的路由方案在获得较优投递率和传输延时的同时,在网络开销和能量均衡性两方面有较大的改善。     

基于能量均衡的ZigBee网络路由优化

为了提高网络中节点的能量利用率,提出了一种基于能量均衡的ZigBee路由算法.启动路由发现之前,首先在邻居表中搜索目的节点,然后在路由过程中给能量偏低的节点添加能量标志位,减少能量偏低节点的使用几率.采用仿真对比实验测试了算法的有效性和优越性,实验结果表明,算法不仅能有效地均衡各节点之间的能量,提高网络节点的存活率,而且能减少网络能量消耗,延长网络的生存时间,性能优于对比算法.     

基于社交效用向量的机会网络路由算法

针对传统机会网络路由协议未考虑到节点社会性的问题,根据机会社会网络中节点呈现出周期稳定性和规律性,利用节点累计的历史信息组成"社交效用向量"来预测网络拓扑结构的变化,提出了基于社交效用向量的机会网络路由算法.该算法中每个节点都携带各自的社交效用向量,根据节点与目标节点是否属于同一社区及节点的社交延迟度控制消息的转发次数,同时将连通时长、社交有效性用于决策消息转发,避免消息的碎片化.在真实数据集PMTR上进行仿真实验,从转发消息数、数据包平均延迟及投递成功率三方面将该算法与Epidemic、Prophet经典算法对比,分析了消息生存时间和节点缓存空间对路由性能的影响.仿真实验表明,该算法与Epidemic、Prophet算法相比,减小了延迟率和误码率,提高了投递成功率,同时在转发消息数方面略优于两种经典算法.     

基于能量感知路由和节点过滤的虚假数据过滤算法

传统安全路由协议通常基于最短距离来确定路由,导致选择下一跳节点时,部分节点被频繁使用从而能量耗尽而影响网络的负载均衡。该文将距离和剩余能量相结合,提出了一种能量感知路由和节点过滤算法。与传统的密码交换路由过滤机制不同于:(1)该算法会在会话建立之前有选择性地随机传播关键密钥kw到部分节点中,而不是网络中所有节点。(2)在转发节点之间选择过滤节点时,不仅要参考距离,而且要考虑节点的剩余能量和密钥传播信息。结果表明:与已有算法相比,该文的方法能更好地均衡网络能耗,网络寿命大约提高了6倍,而且在不同初始能量和攻击频率下性能都是稳定的。     

一种基于能量和距离的多级能量异构传感器网络路由算法

为了能有效地利用节点能量的异构性,降低网络能耗、延长网络稳定周期,提出了一种同时考虑节点剩余能量和节点至基站距离的多级能量异构无线传感器网络的分簇路由算法.在节点簇间综合考虑簇头剩余能量及其与基站的通信能耗,以选择合适的下一跳路由节点.仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地均衡网络能量消耗,延长网络稳定周期.该路由算法在维持节点存活个数、降低网络能量消耗及增加网络数据传输吞吐量等指标方面优于几种常见传感器网络路由算法,表明在综合考虑能量和距离等因素后能够获得比单一考虑能量或者距离的算法更优的运行结果.     

一种基于WSN的协议改进算法分析

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)路由协议LEACH 算法中簇首分配不均以及簇首与Sink节点直接通信的问题,提出一种新的无线传感器网络LEACH路由算法.该算法通过节点能量分簇,并在簇首的数据发送过程中引入了改进的多跳路由算法.仿真结果表明,改进后的算法在网络生存时间和节省能量上比LEACH 算法有了很大提高.     

小规模无线传感器网络中GEAR协议的改进

无线传感器网络中基于地理位置的能量感知路由协议（GEAR）在发送数据分组的过程中,由于缺乏足够的网络拓扑信息以及传感器节点能量有限等问题,会遭遇路由空洞,出现短暂路由环现象.针对特定场景下的小规模网络中GEAR路由协议进行优化,提出一种改进的路由机制（SGEAR）.机制基于节点的剩余能量进行选择,对代价函数进行调整,使被选择过的节点、空洞节点、节点能量值低于阈值这3种情况的节点不会再被选择作为下一跳节点.改进算法避免了节点修改自身代价值后,广播消息的不及时造成的短暂路由环现象,提高了时效性,达到更好的性能.仿真结果表明：改进的路由算法能够减少路由空洞个数,进一步降低网络能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期.     

传感器网络分布式能量平衡路由

提出一种分布式能量平衡路由算法,该算法根据邻接点的能量和状态信息达到各个节点能耗的平均.对能耗过大的节点采取保护措施,汇聚节点sink在广播兴趣阶段形成一棵广播树,各个节点距sink节点的远近不同即在广播树中处于不同的层次,从而传播网络中的任一节点就有父节点、兄弟节点和子孙节点,使得所选路径为距sink节点最短即路径最短能量平衡路由,节点感知各层次节点情况就可以根据其能量信息来重选路径.分析和仿真结果表明,这种路由方法计算简单,所需信息传输量小,可有效提高网络的生命期.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that