黄河下游高含沙洪水冲淤特性及其调控对策初探

基于黄河下游实测资料,对高含沙洪水对下游各河段河槽淤积的影响进行了分析,认为来自河口镇至龙门区间的高含沙洪水是造成下游高村以上河段河槽淤积的主要原因,高村以下河段的汛期河槽淤积物甚至全部来自高含沙 洪水.降低含沙量、增大流量和提高细沙比例至70%～80%以上可显著减轻高含沙洪水对河槽的淤积,而这可通过调控水库排沙比来实现.进一步分析了水库排沙比与出库泥沙的含沙量与细沙比例的关系,建议小浪底水库对高含沙洪水的调控要控制其排沙比在50%.在河龙问粗泥沙集中来源区,由于其来水很少、来沙很多,可利用该区"沙随水来"的特点使河龙间洪水就地利用,以减少黄河高含沙洪水产生几率和入黄泥沙量.     

黄河下游高含沙洪水冲淤特性及其调控对策初探

基于黄河下游实测资料,对高含沙洪水对下游各河段河槽淤积的影响进行了分析,认为来自河口镇至龙门区间的高含沙洪水是造成下游高村以上河段河槽淤积的主要原因,高村以下河段的汛期河槽淤积物甚至全部来自高含沙洪水.降低含沙量、增大流量和提高细沙比例至70%~80%以上均可显著减轻高含沙洪水对河槽的淤积,而这可通过调控水库排沙比来实现.进一步分析了水库排沙比与出库泥沙的含沙量与细沙比例的关系,建议小浪底水库对高含沙洪水的调控要控制其排沙比在50%.在河龙间粗泥沙集中来源区,由于其来水很少、来沙很多,可利用该区"沙随水来"的特点使河龙间洪水就地利用,以减少黄河高含沙洪水产生几率和入黄泥沙量.     

牛栏江滇池补水工程汛期泥沙问题的成因机制

牛栏江滇池补水工程自2013年通水以来对改善滇池水质发挥了重要作用,但实际运行中存在汛期水体浑浊的现象,对瀑布公园、盘龙江河道景观及城市供水等造成了影响.根据多次现场考察与观测结果,本文研究了水源地德泽水库中取水口及其上游牛栏江和左岸支流干河的水沙运动规律及汛期水体泥沙含量偏高的成因机制,认为造成取水口含沙量偏高的主要原因,一是入库泥沙较细,沉降速度较小,水库回水长度难以满足细颗粒泥沙沉降距离的要求;二是取水口以上河段存在表层、中层和底层异重流,频繁出现的中、底层异重流常会导致取水口所在高程处的含沙量显著增加,不利于泵站取水;三是取水口断面距离交汇口较近,干、支流交互作用会扰动取水口附近的含沙量分布,且支流含沙量较大的洪水汇入干流时会造成取水口断面含沙量的升高.研究结果深化了对细颗粒泥沙在水库变动回水区运动特点的认识,可为牛栏江滇池补水工程汛期泥沙问题的治理提供参考.     

紊流消能与泥沙制紊分析

在一次洪水过程中,各时点含沙量随水流紊动及摩阻比降而正变,紊流消能规律占主导;而对于一个洪水过程整体,间歇性的泥沙与水流的滑脱影响积累起来,显示出泥沙制紊作用。在河流多次洪水记录中,取洪水期平均流量大致相等的几次洪水相比较,可看出泥沙制紊作用并与试验室水槽多次稳定流实验结果一致：洪水期平均含沙量较大的洪水,其加权平均流速较大,而加权平均摩阻比降较小。反之亦然。文中用大量实际资料对紊流消能和泥沙制紊进行了论证。     

黄河水体中COD与含沙量的关系研究

通过不同系列泥沙样品对还原性物质的吸附实验,总结出泥沙对还原性物质吸附程度的经验公式;对水体中不同含沙量下CODcr的研究,得出泥沙含量与CODcr含量呈正相关关系;并发现同一含沙量下泥沙颗粒粒径越小,对CODcr的吸附能力越强。     

神府东胜煤田开发对河流泥沙的影响研究

通过对乌兰木伦河王道恒塔水文站采矿前后河道汛期径流量、输沙量、含沙量及泥沙颗粒粒径等资料的分析发现，与采矿前相比，采矿后同雨量下河道汛期径流量有所增加，但汛期输沙量、汛期径流和输沙量的关系、汛期含沙量以及泥沙颗粒大小等都没有变化。采矿对河流泥沙的增加主要表现在汛期日洪量大于０．１×１０８ｍ３的大洪水中。１９８８和１９８９年两次大洪水的日均含沙量较采矿前同级流量洪水的日均含沙量增加了８８．７％。     

基于小波算法的中小河流泥沙含量检测研究

利用计算机图像处理技术,对河流泥沙含量进行在线检测.利用水下摄像方法 摄取过流断面影像信息素材后,利用小波算法对图像进行处理和分析,测量水体中泥沙颗粒的个数、每一泥沙颗粒形状和尺寸,进而得到水体中泥沙颗粒的总体积、总重量和单位体积的泥沙重,即河流在该点的含沙量.该方法 将计算机图像识别技术与中小河流泥沙监测有机的结合起来,达到准确、动态、实时、在线跟踪河流泥沙含沙量的效果,为中小河流泥沙含沙量的检测开辟了新途径.     

岸门口河康县水文站水文特征及变化趋势分析

利用岸门口河流域内康县水文站31年收集的降雨、径流、泥沙等水文特征值,分析得出岸门口河流域降水量、径流量和及含沙量变化特点和变化趋势。发现降水量和径流量变化趋势相对一致,都呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,近年来呈现增大趋势,分析了趋势变化的原因,提出应在未来几年汛期加强防汛工作。泥沙含量总体保持较低水平,但近几年中的个别年份有突然增大的现象,分析了造成这种现象的原因及应该采取的有效措施。     

皇甫川流域含沙量-流量关系年内年际变化特性

研究不同时间尺度的水沙关系对认识流域土壤侵蚀和泥沙输移有重要意义.本文基于皇甫川流域1958～2015年的含沙量及流量数据,采用方差分析,分析了3时间尺度(次洪过程、日、月)不同流量级含沙量及含沙量-流量关系的年内年际变化特性.结果表明:次洪过程、日和月尺度含沙量与流量之间均显著符合幂函数关系(p 0. 05);年内发生多场洪水过后,由于泥沙补给限制,次洪过程含沙量-流量幂函数关系中的系数a显著降低,指数b增加;随水土流失治理及退耕还林(草)措施的开展,与1958～1984年对比,1999～2015年次洪过程各流量级对应的含沙量显著降低,3时间尺度含沙量-流量幂函数关系均发生显著变化,但各时间尺度系数a和指数b的变化模式存在差异,表明不同时间尺度下水沙关系对人类活动的响应模式不尽相同.     

柳河流域悬移质泥沙颗粒特征分析

为了探索流域悬移质泥沙变化特征及其与含沙量问的关系，选用柳河流域水文站泥沙观测数据进行分析。结果表明，由于沙源不同，非汛期悬移质泥沙粒径一般大于汛期，在流域上、下游d50随含沙量分别表现出增大和减小的趋势。在泥沙的分选沉降作用下悬移质泥沙粒径一般为上游大于下游。在上游，d50、大于0．05mm沙重百分数随含沙量的增大而减小，后又增大，小于0．01mm沙重百分数情形相反。在下游也可得出类似变化关系，但d50、大于0．05mm和小于0．01mm沙重百分数随含沙量变化的转折点不同。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with