青海湖裸鲤肌肉和鳃组织结构特征

利用常规组织学石蜡切片技术和HE染色,对青海湖裸鲤肌肉组织和鳃组织的组织学结构进行定性和定量的分析。结果表明:青海湖裸鲤肌纤维大小不等、形状不规则,其间含有一定的结缔组织、血管和神经等结构,肌纤维的直径和密度分别为104.37±3.57μm,41.67±1.25根/单位面积;鳃由鳃弓、鳃耙、鳃丝构成,其中鳃丝由许多的鳃小片组成,鳃丝长6.77±0.33 mm,鳃弓宽度403.42±54.35μm,鳃小片长度141.83±9.72μm,鳃丝宽度54.46±4.86μm,鳃丝间隔397.79±3.19μm。青海湖裸鲤肌肉和鳃的组织结构基本与普通鱼类相同,但在肌纤维直径和鳃内毛细血管等方面上仍表现出对其生活环境的适应性。     

论鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒细胞苗的制造和应用

目前使用的多种疫苗仍未能有效控制鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）的发生，原因是疫苗质量难以保证和免疫程序或方法不发。解决的办法：病毒培养宜选用无特定病原（ＳＰＦ）鸡胚或非免疫健康鸡群的鸡胚，消化时间控制在１５ｍｉｎ左右，细胞数在１００－１５０万／ｍＬ，接毒量为０．１％－０．２％，小牛血清使用浓度为３－５％；疫苗冻干过程应在不断搅拌病毒培养液的同时控制加入保护剂的速度。免疫程序：无母源抗体或母源抗体不清雏     

Production of multiple plant hormones from a single polyprotein precursor.

Some animal and yeast hormone genes produce prohormone polypeptides that are proteolytically processed to produce multiple copies of hormones with the same or different functions. In plants, four polypeptides have been identified that can be classed as hormones (intercellular chemical messengers) but none are known to be produced as multiple copies from a single precursor. Here we describe a polyprotein hormone precursor, present in tobacco plants, that gives rise to two polypeptide hormones, as often found in animals and yeast. The tobacco polypeptides activate the synthesis of defensive proteinase-inhibitor proteins in a manner similar to that of systemin, an 18-amino-acid polypeptide found in tomato plants. The two tobacco polypeptides are derived from each end of a 165-amino-acid precursor that bears no homology to tomato prosystemin. The data show that structurally diverse polypeptide hormones in different plant species can serve similar signalling roles, a condition not found in animals or yeast.     

Gut hormones and the regulation of energy homeostasis

Food intake, energy expenditure and body adiposity are homeostatically regulated. Central and peripheral signals communicate information about the current state of energy balance to key brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem. Hunger and satiety represent coordinated responses to these signals, which include neural and hormonal messages from the gut. In recent years our understanding of how neural and hormonal brain-gut signalling regulates energy homeostasis has advanced considerably. Gut hormones have various physiological functions that include specifically targeting the brain to regulate appetite. New research suggests that gut hormones can be used to specifically regulate energy homeostasis in humans, and offer a target for anti-obesity drugs.     

植物激素对小立碗藓愈伤组织诱导及分化影响

小立碗藓(Physcomitrella patens(Hewd.)B.S.G.)作为独特的模式植物在分子生物学研究中被广泛应用.本实验以改良的Knop培养基为基本培养基,研究添加不同种类和浓度配比的植物激素对小立碗藓愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响.实验结果表明当糖浓度为2%,添加KT 0.05 mg·L-1或添加6-BA 0.05 mg·L-1,在温度(25±1)℃,光照强度3000～4000lx,光照周期12/12 h/d条件下培养,诱导小立碗藓愈伤组织的效果最为理想.诱导愈伤组织分化的实验结果表明未添加任何植物激素的Knop培养基上分化出正常的配子体且数量最多.添加2,4-D或IAA的培养基上能长出较多的原丝体.     

Extracellular but not intracellular application of peptide hormones activates pancreatic acinar cells.

Peptide hormones, like neurotransmitters, are traditionally thought to activate cells by interacting with receptor sites accessible only from the extracellular space. However, there is no available evidence that establishes whether intracellular injections of peptide secretagogues can or cannot initiate cell activation. In view of recent demonstration that peptide hormones can penetrate the intracellular space in some tissues and the reports that intracellular injections of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, into acinar cells of cockroach salivary gland cause stimulation it seems of fundamental importance to test directly whether introduction of peptide secretagogues inside acinar cells of mammalian exocrine tissue can induce cell activation without first interacting with the outer surface of the external cell membrane. The data presented here show that injections of the secretagogue peptides caerulein and bombesinnonapeptide (bombesin-NP) into pancreatic acinar cells fail to evoke the characteristic potential and conductance changes that are observed following extracellular applications of these peptides.