一种用于DPA防御的电流平整电路设计

为提高密码芯片抵抗差分功耗分析(DPA)攻击的能力,提出了一种用于DPA防御的新型电流平整电路.电路设计基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺,包括电流检测和电流注入补偿2个模块,占用芯片面积9×103 μm2.仿真结果表明:该电路能够在较宽的频率范围内有效工作,可以将电源端的电流变化削减90％左右,增加了DPA攻击的难度;与算法级或逻辑级的DPA防御措施相比,该电路独立于密码算法,几乎不影响密码芯片原有设计流程,能够在设计的最终阶段作为附加电路与原有密码算法核心电路配合使用,提供晶体管级DPA防御方案.     

椭圆曲线密码ML算法电路实现的功耗攻击

针对有限域GF(2'163)上椭圆曲线密码(ECC)的ML算法电路.实现了一种简单有效的差分功耗分析(DPA)方法.该方法结合单密钥多数据攻击,按密钥比特对功耗轨迹分段差分运算.基于功耗仿真的实验结果表明:仅对单条功耗曲线进行差分分析就能够以极短的时间恢复出密钥比特,从而证明ECC的ML算法实现只具备抗时间攻击和抗简单功耗分析攻击效果,却不能对抗DPA攻击.     

密码系统差分功耗分析攻击及功耗模型

为了证明密码系统运行时功耗泄漏包含系统密码信息,分析了静态互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)门数据功耗相关性,通过对AT89C52单片机实现的数据加密标准(DES)密码系统进行差分功耗分析(DPA)攻击,在64h内获得了DES第16轮加密的48 bit密钥.攻击结果表明:AT89C52中静态CMOS门状态由0到1和由1到0翻转电能消耗不同,静态CMOS门不同位置的负载电容之间存在差异.提出了寄存器负载电容充电功耗模型,解释了攻击现象,明确了DPA攻击的物理基础,为密码系统实施相关防护措施提供了依据.     

从儒佛之辨看阳明心学的真精神

为了提高严格受控环境下信息隐写算法的安全性和鲁棒性,基于网络图像大数据提出了一种针对小容量负载的图像零隐写隐秘通信算法.在构建算法所需的完备库时,首先根据网格描述符对图像进行单元熵的提取以形成熵矩阵,然后提取熵矩阵的特征值以降维从而减少计算量,最后根据量化算法将特征值量化为一组随机数以构建完备库.实验结果表明：该算法由于没有改变原始载体图像,所以对于抗击已知原始载体的统计、比对分析和尺度缩放攻击、旋转攻击具有非常好的效果,在尺度缩放和旋转攻击的实验中数据恢复率达到95%以上.在安全级别高、受监控程度严格、容量较小的隐匿通信中,比如对称密码系统密钥的交换,具有重要的应用价值.     

六轮DES截断差分攻击算法的改进与实现

对分组密码进行截断差分攻击时,部分S盒会产生很多组子密码候选值,导致暴力攻击剩余密钥位时消耗大量时间.本文详细分析了截断差分算法中出现多组密钥候选值的原因,并分析了其出现的概率.提出两种改进截断差分攻击方案,减少候选子密码的数量并提高了攻击效率.第1种方法基于各轮S盒子密钥的非独立性,利用轮密钥在初始密钥中的重复位得到最终的候选值,最终筛选出只有一组候选值的概率达到40%左右.第2种方法将计算得到的8个S盒的所有6比特候选子密钥进行计数,选取出现频率最高的密钥,最终使48比特的候选密码个数缩减为一个.通过对六轮DES密码算法攻击的实验数据分析得知:第2种方法能够恢复出唯一的48比特子密码.     

基于图像信息熵的随机数可视化表达

为了提高严格受控环境下信息隐写算法的安全性和鲁棒性,基于网络图像大数据提出了一种针对小容量负载的图像零隐写隐秘通信算法.在构建算法所需的完备库时,首先根据网格描述符对图像进行单元熵的提取以形成熵矩阵,然后提取熵矩阵的特征值以降维从而减少计算量,最后根据量化算法将特征值量化为一组随机数以构建完备库.实验结果表明:该算法由于没有改变原始载体图像,所以对于抗击已知原始载体的统计、比对分析和尺度缩放攻击、旋转攻击具有非常好的效果,在尺度缩放和旋转攻击的实验中数据恢复率达到95%以上.在安全级别高、受监控程度严格、容量较小的隐匿通信中,比如对称密码系统密钥的交换,具有重要的应用价值.     

基于SABL的抗DPA攻击可重构加法器设计

差分功耗分析(Differential Power Analysis,DPA)通过分析密码器件处理不同数据时的功耗差异来盗取密钥。运用具有功耗独立特性的灵敏放大型逻辑(Sense Amplifier Based Logic,SABL)设计密码器件可以有效防御DPA攻击。通过对SABL电路与传统加法器原理的研究,提出了一种能够抗DPA攻击的可重构加法器设计方案。首先,结合SABL电路特点得到具有抗DPA攻击性能的加法器电路;然后利用控制进位方式构成可重构加法器,支持4个8位数据或2个16位数据的加法运算。Spectre模拟验证表明,该加法器逻辑功能正确,与传统加法器相比功耗独立性能提升了97%,防御DPA攻击性能明显。     

循环掩码型AES密码芯片的相关性功耗攻击

针对循环掩码型AES密码芯片,提出了一种相关性功耗攻击方法.首先利用方差分析找出明文盲化和S盒计算的时间点,然后通过比较盲化后的字节的汉明权重和实际测量功耗值的相关系数恢复掩码,最后针对S盒输入和输出的汉明距离进行相关能量分析.随机选取公开数据集DPA Contest V4提供的1×104条样本曲线进行实验,结果表明该方法仅需要45条曲线即可正确恢复密钥.     

针对AES加密设备的DPA功耗攻击平台设计

针对目前密码学界旁路攻击平台攻击效率低、通用性差、成本过高的问题,分析AES加密原理,设计了一种差分功耗攻击(DPA)平台.该平台使用XILINX公司的Spartan-6FPGA作为主控芯片,为加密设备提供时钟信号,解决了波形对齐的问题;在FPGA中例化MicroBlaze软核处理器,根据不同加密设备特点编写攻击代码,通用性较好.采取多种隔离措施,将噪声的干扰降到最低,大大提高了攻击效率.实验结果表明:在5min内成功破解了运行在C52和STM32上的AES加密算法.在保证攻击效率的前提下,DPA攻击平台的成本不到500元,并且保留有针对SIM卡和FPGA密码设备的攻击接口,作为下一步实验的硬件平台.     

近红外激光故障注入系统在密码芯片攻击中的应用

首先概括了当前流行的密码芯片攻击方法及优缺点,然后介绍了近红外激光故障注入系统,并详细描述了近红外激光故障注入理论、系统组成、工作原理,及实验设备与参数。以DES(data encryption standard)算法为例,通过数学推导,采用DFA(differential fault analysis)方法恢复密钥。最后,根据实验室搭建的近红外激光故障注入系统对芯片背面进行了故障攻击实验,在无任何防御措施下获取了DES算法密钥。通过实验,以及结合对有关防御方法的深入分析,展示了近红外激光故障注入攻击对密码芯片的具大威胁。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that