含铈Al-Cu-Mn合金的显微组织与电化学性能

通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察,硬度测试和电化学测试等方法研究了一种新型锂离子电池外壳材料含铈（Ce）Al-Cu-Mn合金的组织和性能.试验结果表明：合金中主要含有α-Al相,Al₂Cu和Al₁₂（Mn,Fe）₃Si相.铸态合金中含有大量的Al-Mn-Fe-Si或者Al-Cu-Mn-Fe-Si和Al-Cu-Si-Ce中间相;Tafel极化曲线测试结果表明,腐蚀处的形貌主要由腐蚀环和腐蚀产物组成.随着Cl^-浓度的增加,合金的耐蚀性能下降.交流阻抗谱分析表明,随着浸入溶液时间的增加,从高中频容抗弧和韦伯阻抗组成的曲线转变成单一的容抗弧,合金转变为全面腐蚀.     

基于正交试验对铸造铝合金电导率和抗拉强度影响规律的分析

挑选了铝合金中常用的9种合金元素,根据这些元素对铝合金物理性能和微观组织的影响规律和影响机制进行了分类。通过设计四因素三变量正交试验分析了这些合金元素对Al-7Si合金导电性能和抗拉强度的影响规律,为开发兼具高导电(热)性能和高强度铸造铝合金提供了有价值的工艺参考。通过对比发现,Sr元素能有效将共晶Si相变质为纤维状,这有利于合金电导率的提升;质量分数为0.6%的Fe也能适当提升合金的电导率。Sb元素能有效将共晶Si相变质为细小片状,这有利于合金抗拉强度的提升;质量分数为0.5%的Ni或0.5%的Zn也能适当提升合金的抗拉强度。Sr和Sb同时加入合金中,共晶Si相的变质效果会恶化,并导致粗大片状共晶Si相析出。     

Fe和Cu元素对电气用8030铝合金性能的影响

Fe和Cu是8030铝合金中最主要的两种合金化元素。为了探究8030铝合金中Fe和Cu的合理含量及其强化机制,试验采用连铸连轧、拉制和退火工艺制备了不同Fe和Cu含量的8030铝合金,分析了Fe和Cu对8030铝合金铸态组织、形变组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响,并对不同成分的8030铝合金的强度、伸长率和电阻率进行了研究。结果表明：合理的Fe和Cu含量可以获得细小的合金铸态组织,并在后续加工过程中形成织构组织和弥散分布的第二相,提高合金强度的同时,保证塑性和导电性能;当Fe的质量分数为0.45%、Cu的质量分数为0.22%时,8030铝合金有较好的综合性能。     

Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、冲击试验以及微观组织观察试验,分析降低Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金强度、断裂韧性和微观组织的影响。力学性能试验表明,7055铝合金中Cu的质量分数由2.55%降低到2.17%时,对其强度和伸长率影响不大,但Cu含量降低后合金的断裂韧性显著提高。微观组织分析表明,Cu含量降低前晶界上存在粗大的Al₇Cu₂Fe相,Cu含量降低后晶界上的粗大析出相明显减少;断口分析表明,Cu含量降低前拉伸断口中存在较多的Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相,Cu含量降低后Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相明显减少。     

Fe和Si含量对2519铝合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、力学性能测试、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析等手段研究Fe和Si元素的含量对2519铝合金的组织与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：随着Fe和si含量的减少,2519铝合金的时效硬化效果逐渐增强;随着Fe和Si含量的增加以及m（Fe）／m（Si）的降低,2519铝合金的抗拉强度逐渐降低;当w（Fe＋Si）〉0．14％及m（Fe）／m（Si）〈2．7时,2519铝合金的抗拉强度随w（Fe＋Si）的增加和m（Fe）／m（Si）的降低显著下降;Fe和si含量较低的合金中的析出相主要是强化相θ’相;Fe和Si含量较高的2519铝合金中,除析出θ’相外,在晶界析出粗大的AlCuFe相,降低了θ’相的数量,合金的强度降低。     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25,0.5,0.75,原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析,采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明,铸态下,FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加,合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加,导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高,应变量降低;且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

热处理工艺对高弹高导Cu-Ni-Al合金组织与性能的影响

利用力学与电学性能测试、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金的时效过程进行了观察和研究;分析了Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金的组织和性能,分别比较了Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al和Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金在3种形变热处理工艺下的力学和电学性能.性能试验结果表明:Ti的加入能够提高合金的硬度,而对导电率影响不大,经过工艺3试验后,Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al和Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al-0.5Ti合金的维氏硬度分别达到243、317,导电率分别达到19.1%IACS、21.0%IACS.TEM观察结果表明:Cu-9.0Ni-1.4Al合金时效过程中的主要强化过程是γ'相(Ni₃Al)的连续沉淀.     

B元素对8030铝合金组织性能的影响

通过添加不同含量的B元素,制备了一系列8030（AlFeSiCuB）铝合金。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）、透射电子显微镜（transmission electron microscopy,TEM）、拉伸测试和导电率测试等手段对其进行了表征。结果表明,添加B元素后明显细化了合金的晶粒,晶界也更加干净,经过均匀化退火后,晶界上的微合金化元素和杂质元素均匀地扩散到合金内部,进一步净化了晶界,合金的抗拉强度和导电率都得到明显的提高。当B元素的含量为0.04 wt.%（wt.%为质量分数）时,合金的综合性能最优,均匀化退火后,合金的导电率达到60.8 %IACS。经过90%的冷变形,合金的抗拉强度从94.1 MPa升高到167.2 MPa。     

Cu-9.5Ni-2.3Sn-0.15Si合金组织与性能研究

研究了在Cu-9.5Ni-2.3Sn合金中添加质量分数为0.15%的Si后对该合金铸态及时效态微观组织、电导率和硬度的影响.结果表明：添加0.15%的Si后,合金出现发达的树枝状晶体,且有Ni₂Si、Ni₃Si、Ni₃Sn和Ni₄Sn相出现.经400℃×4 h时效处理后,Ni₂Si、Ni₃Si相的析出使得合金得到强化.合金电导率随时效时间的延长和温度的提高而升高,硬度在时效初期随时效温度的提高和时效时间的延长而提高,在430℃时效2 h和在400℃时效8 h得到峰值,较佳时效工艺为400℃×8 h.     

Si对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织、断裂和局部腐蚀行为的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及室温拉伸、剥落腐蚀等测试方法,研究了微量的Si对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金组织、性能和局部腐蚀的影响.研究表明:随着Si含量增加,合金的强度先增加再减小,0.040%Si(质量分数)时合金的强度出现峰值;合金的力学性能各向异性随Si含量的增加,先减小再增大,0.025%Si时,力学性能各向异性最小;随着Si含量的升高,合金横向断裂模式从以穿晶断裂为主向沿晶断裂转变.与合金纵向强度变化幅度比较,Si含量对合金横向强度影响显著.     

Minor-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys with high hardness and electric conductivity designed by a cluster formula approach

Cu-Ni-Si alloys are widely used due to their good electrical conductivities in combination with high strength and hardness. In the present work, minor-alloying with M =(Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr) was conducted for the objective of further improving their hardness while maintaining their conductivity level. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model was introduced to design the compositions of M-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys, in which an ideal composition formula[(Ni,Si,M)-Cu_(12)]Cu_3(molar proportion) was proposed. To guarantee the complete precipitation of solute elements in fine δ-Ni_2 Si precipitates, the atomic ratio of(Ni,M)/Si was set as 2/1. Thus the designed alloy series of Cu_(93.75)(Ni/Zr)_(3.75)Si_(2.08)(Cr/Fe/Mo)_(0.42)(at%) were arc-melted into ingots under argon atmosphere, and solidsolutioned at 950 ℃ for 1 h plus water quenching and then aged at 450 ℃ for different hours. The experimental results showed that these designed alloys exhibit high hardness(HV 1.7 GPa) and good electrical conductivities(≥ 35% IACS). Specifically, the quinary Cu_(93.75)Ni_(3.54)Si_(2.08)(Cr/Fe)_(0.42)Zr_(0.21) alloys(Cu-3.32 Ni-0.93 Si-0.37(Cr/Fe)-0.30 Zr wt%) possess both a high hardness with HV = 2.5-2.7 GPa, comparable to the highstrength KLFA85 alloy(Cu-3.2 Ni-0.7 Si-1.1 Zn wt%,HV= 2.548 GPa),and a good electrical conductivity(35-36% IACS).     

几种元素对工业纯铝导电性的影响

研究了工业纯铝中加入镁、钙、硅、铁对其导电性的影响。结果表明：硅在铝中引起电阻率的增加最大,铁最小,因此,铁是强化铝导体的首选元素。铝中铁硅质量比在３．０～３．８时,其电阻率最小。     

Effects of high-pressure rheo-squeeze casting on the Fe-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys

The effects of high pressure rheo-squeeze casting (HPRC) on the Fe-rich phases (FRPs) and mechanical properties of Al-17Si-(1,1.5)Fe alloys were investigated. The alloy melts were first treated by ultrasonic vibration (UV) and then formed by high-pressure squeeze casting (HPSC). The FRPs in the as-cast HPSC Al-17Si-1Fe alloys only contained a long, needle-shaped β-Al₅FeSi phase at 0 MPa. In addition to the β-Al₅FeSi phase, the HPSC Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy also contained the plate-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase. A fine, block-shaped δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase was formed in the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy treated by UV. The size of FRPs decreased with increasing pressure. After UV treatment, solidification under pressure led to further refinement of the FRPs. Considering alloy samples of the same composition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the HPRC samples was higher than that of the HPSC samples, and the UTS increased with increasing pressure. The UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPSC exceeded that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner under the same pressure. Conversely, the UTS of the Al-17Si-1Fe alloy formed by HPRC decreased to a value lower than that of the Al-17Si-1.5Fe alloy formed in the same manner.     

Ni,Si,Mn和Ti对高强度铜合金力学性能和导电性能的影响

利用合金化方法，并借助金相、SEM等测试分析手段研究了Ni／Si，Mn／NiSi和Ti对纯铜显微组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响．结果表明，Ti，Ni和Si均有提高合金组织稳定性的作用，但Mn，Ni和Si的加入不能有效地阻碍合金组织在高温下的长大．Ti，Ni和Si的加入还大幅度提高了合金强度．含w(Ni)=6％和w(Si)=1．42％的铜合金的抗拉强度达到了907MPa，同时，合金的导电性也保持在较高水平，达到了强度和导电性的良好匹配．然而：Mn，Ni和si的加入没有明显的强化作用．反而使导电性大幅降低。     

Cu-Ni-Si基引线框架合金的组织和性能

设计了4种不同成分的引线框架铜合金,通过对比其硬度、强度、导电性以及软化温度等,分析了合金中P,Ni,Si,Cr合金元素对合金各性能的影响.研究结果表明:采用合理的热处理工艺可以使Cu-3Ni-0.6Si基合金在时效过程中析出尺寸在20～40 nm之间的δ-Ni2Si颗粒,使合金的强度和导电率达到良好的匹配;微量的P能有效地提高合金的强度、硬度和弹性模量,同时使Ni2Si析出颗粒的弥散度提高,尺寸减小,但会降低合金的导电率;少量的Cr能有效提高合金的强度和软化温度.     

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al-Mg2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill (DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg₂Si particles (from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg₂Si (from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy (from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg₂Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg₂Si phase and the grains in the Al-Mg₂Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.     

Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al-Si piston alloys by cerium addition

The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis (CA CCTA). -The results showed that 0.1wt%-1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, △T_S, and low solidification temperature, △T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, △ta-Al, of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index (Q) and ultimate tensile strength of (UTS) Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration.     

Microstructure and properties of in-situ synthesized Cu-1 wt%TiC alloy followed by ECAP and post-annealing

A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy with 1 wt% TiC for commercial electrical-contact wires was prepared by in-situ reaction casting, grain-ultrafining by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent annealing with aim to obtain excellent comprehensive performance. The results showed that fine TiC particles were in-situ synthesized in the as-cast Cu matrix and aggregated in clusters, and thus mechanical properties of the as-cast alloy deemed insufficient. Continued ECAP at 473 K significantly refined the grains of the as-cast alloy and improved the distribution of TiC particles. Due to multiple strengthening mechanisms, the ECAP-processed alloys maintained good conductivity with obviously enhanced tensile strength and hardness values. After post-ECAP annealing, the elongation and conductivity of the fine-grained copper alloy increased with the adequate tensile strength. The novel combined process endows the alloy appropriate performance to serve current high-frequency electrification railway systems.