热轧Cu-Ni-Si合金冷轧后时效过程中的相变动力学

Cu-M-Si合金在时效过程中的导电率变化反映了合金中时效析出相的相变过程，因而通过测量时效过程中导电率的变化就可反映该合金时效析出转变的相变动力学方程，在此基础上，还可进一步求得时效时间和温度两个参数下的二元导电率方程。试验结果表明由该导电率方程所得的计算值能较好地与试验值相符，因此可以较准确的预测出某一工艺参数下可能达到的性能，以求达到减少试验次数和成本的目的，从而为该合金的生产工艺的制定提供参考依据。     

时效对Cu-1.ONi-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金硬度与导电率的影响

分析了时效与冷变形对Cu-1.ONi-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金的硬度与导电率的影响规律,结果表明合金经850℃固溶处理后在450℃时效时,第二相呈现弥散分布,表现出较大的稳定性,在525℃时效时第二相的析出速度较快,时效后可获得较高的导电率;时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效的初期尤为明显.合金采用分能时效工艺处理后,可得到高的硬度(HV171)和较高的导电率(59.5%LACS).     

时效对Cu-Cr-Zr合金显微硬度及导电率的影响

探讨了时效工艺及形变量对Cu 0 .3Cr 0 .15Zr合金显微硬度及导电率的影响。结果表明 ,合金经 92 0℃固溶处理后在 4 2 0℃及 4 6 0℃时效可分别达到较好的硬度和导电率 ,分别达 183HV和 6 8%IACS ;时效前对合金加以适当冷变形可加速合金时效析出过程。影响合金导电率的主要因素是基体中固溶元素的含量 ,含量越高 ,导电率越低 ,反之则越高。而时效前冷变形可以增加合金内部位错等缺陷的数量 ,加速了合金第二相的析出。     

时效对Cu-1.0Ni-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金硬度与导电率的影响

分析了时效与冷变形对Cu 1.0Ni 0 .2 5Si 0 .10Zn合金的硬度与导电率的影响规律 ,结果表明 :合金经 85 0℃固溶处理后在 4 5 0℃时效时 ,第二相呈弥散分布 ,表现出较大的稳定性 ,在 5 2 5℃时效时第二相的析出速度较快 ,时效后可获得较高的导电率 ;时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程 ,在时效的初期尤为明显。合金采用分级时效工艺处理后 ,可得到高的硬度 (HV171)和较高的导电率 (5 9.5 %IACS)。     

Ti-20Zr-6.5Al-3.5V合金的相变

采用差示扫描量热仪和X射线衍射仪等手段,研究了时效温度、退火温度及退火时间对Ti-20Zr-6.5Al-3.5V合金的相结构转变和相对含量的影响,同时探讨了合金在不同热处理制度下的相变机理。结果表明:合金在700℃以下时效主要发生α″+β(亚稳)→α+β,同时在450℃有等温ω相析出,在700℃时效FCC结构相完全分解或转变;合金的相结构以及相对含量随着退火温度的变化而变化,并且在退火过程中析出的FCC结构相抑制残余β相向α相转变;同时在850℃退火,保温时间越长β相的含量越高。     

热处理对激光选区熔化镍钛合金性能的影响

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、维氏显微硬度计和万能力学试验机等,分析了热处理温度对激光选区熔化(SLM)成形镍钛(NiTi)形状记忆合金的物相、相变温度、显微硬度和力学性能的影响．研究表明：随着热处理温度升高,激光选区熔化成形NiTi合金的相变温度先升高(奥氏体转变峰值温度为43.84℃,马氏体转变峰值温度为37℃)后降低(奥氏体转变峰值温度为1.55℃,马氏体转变峰值温度为-27.18℃);当热处理温度为300～500℃时,NiTi合金中产生马氏体组织和Ni₄Ti₃析出相,该析出相强化了NiTi合金基体;当热处理温度为300℃时,NiTi合金的硬度(HV)、拉伸强度分别为251.7和796 MPa,与激光选区熔化成形的NiTi合金相比分别提升了27.84%和31.35%．上述结果表明采用适当的热处理可以调控NiTi合金相变温度,提升其机械性能．     

时效处理对Cu-Cr-Ti合金组织与性能的影响

由于高强、高导Cu-Cr-Zr合金在工业化生产熔炼时不易控制Zr的收得率,通过采用Ti替代Zr,以期获得易熔炼以及性能与Cu-Cr-Zr合金相当的时效强化型Cu-Cr-Ti合金。采用真空感应熔炼技术,经过热锻、固溶、冷轧、时效共4道工序,制备了Cu-Cr-Ti合金板材;对时效后的Cu-Cr-Ti合金的组织状态、析出相形态、析出相与基体的界面关系进行了分析;对合金的抗拉强度和导电率进行了测试。结果表明：450 ℃时效60 min后,Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金的综合性能最佳,抗拉强度和导电率分别达到620 MPa和64.9 %IACS;Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金中纳米尺寸的Cr强化相呈现椭圆形和双花瓣形,2种形状的析出相粒子均为面心立方结构,且均与基体保持完全共格关系。     

Cu-Ni-Al-Ti合金的时效特性

通过电阻率、应力松驰性能和硬度的测定以及差热分析方法，研究了Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金的时效特性。结果表明：该合金时效动力学符合Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程，其ｌｎｌｎ１／（１─Ｘ）与ｌｎｔ之间的关系，可用两条不同斜率的直线段来描述，５５０℃时效时两直线交于ｌｎｔ＝６．４处，相应于时效时间１０ｍｉｎ，时效初期相变速率极高，随后逐渐降低；连续加热时，较低温度下形成的富溶质原子区在８００～９００℃区间可能重溶，γ相［Ｎｉ＿３（Ａｌ，Ｔｉ）］在高温下形成，并且可能向热力学更稳定的状态转化；除形成γ相外，还可能形成其它化合物；Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时效稳定性极高，过时效倾向很小。     

时效近等原子比钛镍形状记忆合金TEM分析

应用TEM分析技术对一种富Ni钛镍形状记忆合金时效后的组织进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,在不同温度下时效析出物的相结构和形态是不同的 .在 6 73～ 773K温度时 ,析出物都是Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相 ,随时效温度的提高 ,析出物的形态由细点状变为透镜状截面的椭圆板 ,这种相与B2母相是共格的 ,它的应变场使R相变与马氏体相变分离 ,Ti1 1 Ni1 4 相的析出会改善钛镍形状记忆合金的性质 .此外 ,在更高温度下时效合金将析出稳定的TiNi3相 ,该相与基体没有共格关系 ,同时导致基体镍含量下降 ,提高了马氏体转变温度 .     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金时效处理后的组织与性能

研究了时效与时效前的冷变形对Cu-2．37Ni-0．58Si-0．39Cr合金时效后硬度及导电率的影响，结果表明：合金经920℃固溶处理后，在500℃时效时可获得较高的硬度，而在550℃时效可得到较高的导电率；合金时效前的冷变形可加速时效析出，试样经80％变形后，在500℃时效1h，显微硬度可达HV271，而固溶态直接时效仅为HV239。合金在时效析出过程中有两种类型的析出相，分别为Cr3Si和Ni2Si。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that