具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

跑台上相同速度走和跑的健身效果分析

选取10名普通大学男生为研究对象,运用实验法研究走和跑这两种运动方式的健身效果。结果显示：在运动强度方面,速度为3.5-4.5英里/小时时,表现为走显著小于跑;速度为5.0英里/小时时,表现为走显著大于跑。在主观感觉方面,速度为3.5-4.0英里/小时时,RPE值表现为走小于跑;速度为4.5-5.0英里/小时时,RPE值表现为走大于跑。在能量消耗方面,表现为递增式全过程跑大于走。     

叶轮进口边位置对自吸泵性能的影响分析

为研究自吸泵叶轮气液混合能力对自吸性能的影响,在叶轮原模型基础上,设计了叶片不同进口边位置的5种模型方案.采用VOF多相流模型对不同方案全流域进行三维定常数值计算,研究对自吸性能的影响规律.针对350WFB-1200-50型外混式无密封自吸泵,初始条件设定进水S型弯管中含一定体积的空气段,出口处设置含气率监测点.结果表明：针对中高比转速叶轮,进口边沿后盖板位置向出口前掠,使得叶轮进口边工作时对流体分时加载,可以有效提升叶轮的气液混合能力,从而缩短自吸泵的自吸时间;在一定前掠角度范围内改变进口边位置对自吸泵的扬程和效率影响不大,但是当叶片进口边向出口位置前掠超过一定范围时,会导致自吸泵扬程明显下降;当叶轮进口边前掠10°时,额定工况下自吸时间缩短25%,自吸性能明显得到提高.     

以党内和谐促党群和谐,以党群和谐带社会和谐

党内关系的和谐状态不仅是衡量党的自身建设成效的重要标准,更是提高党的执政能力建设和永葆党的先进性的内在要求。党内和谐是党群和谐的根本,对党群关系和谐与社会和谐起着重要的示范和带动作用。要以党内和谐促进社会和谐,以优良的党风促政风带民风,必须通过党群关系的良性互动来实现。     

浅析新闻语言的弊病及其原因

新闻语言是通过新闻媒介,向人们报道新近发生的事实、传播新闻信息的载体之一。它作为媒体传递信息的工具,是一种对社会影响颇大的公共语言行为。时下新闻语言却出现了一系列的问题,已经严重的影响到新闻媒体的自身发展和社会用语的纯净。为了使新闻语言沿着科学、健康的方向发展,本文主要具体阐述了新闻语言弊病的表现形式和原因,希望能给新闻语言的规范提供帮助。     

试论化学研究性学习课题的选择

研究性学习是一种全新的教学方式，它有助于学生主动探究、自主学习，化学研究性学习有利于培养学生的创新能力、实践能力、问题意识、合作意识以及关注化学与自然、社会、生活的联系，研究性学习的选题是在化学教学中实施研究性学习的关键，是化学研究性学习实施的前提，课题的选择必须符合研究性学习的开放性、探究性、实践性，遵循问题性、可行性和创新性原则，化学研究性学习课题应从化学课堂教学，化学实验教学，化学与自然、生活、社会的联系以及化学学科发展前沿中选择。     

城市铁路车站规模与临近道路交通量的关系研究

对北京主要铁路车站临近道路交通量的测试结果进行了整理及定性分析,利用SPSS软件对所得统计交通量与车站规模进行了回归分析.得出车站规模越大,车站站前道路的交通负荷越大,两者呈线性正相关的结论,提出了站前道路交通量的预测模型,有助于站前道路的合理规划,并对站前道路交通拥挤问题,提出了合理布置站前广场和发展公共交通的策略.     

补零对削减伪逆滤波畸变的影响

逆滤波是一种比较简单的卷积反演方法 ,在小噪声的情况下其效果相当好。但是在系统冲击响应频谱有零点时逆滤波失效 ,为此有各种不同的改进方法 ,伪逆滤波是其中之一。伪逆滤波保留了逆滤波的优点 ,但是滤波结果有畸变。该文从理论上分析通过补零增加数据长度对伪逆滤波的结果的影响 ,并对结果进行数值模拟计算 ,与已有的算法进行比较 ,发现在数据长度足够长而冲击响应频谱零点有限时 ,伪逆滤波可取得较好的效果     

基于小波变换的一种数字水印隐藏方法

提出用水印的象素去控制宿主图像小波变换后的系数的值,即用水印中的一个象素控制宿主图像小波变换后的其中四个数中的两个数,使其四个数的均值靠近其中的最小的或者是最大的数.提取水印时通过检测这四个数的平均值离最大数和最小数的距离来判断是1还是0.实验结果表明,这种方法嵌入的水印是不可见的,而且对椒盐和高斯噪声具有一定的鲁棒性.     

管体材质和装药量对雷管起爆能力影响的研究

研究复铜管体和ROX装药量对雷管起爆能力的影响，通过用不同管体材质和不同ROX装药量制成的雷管起爆含水量不同的粉状炸药做试验，得出管体强度大的雷管起爆能力大的结论，并提出了推广使用6号复铜雷管的建议。     

从党群关系的视角透视苏共亡党的必然性

水能载舟,亦能覆舟。执政党最大的危险是脱离群众、失去民心。正确处理党群关系是共产党的执政基础。党群关系的畸变,民心的流失,使苏共被其所代表的工人阶级和人民群众抛弃,是苏共亡党的决定性因素。