钙处理过程夹杂物演变及热力学分析

通过检测分析钙处理前后钢中夹杂物的形貌和成分的变化,探讨钢液钙处理过程中夹杂物演变规律.利用热力学计算,优化钙处理工艺.结果表明,钙处理可以将钢液中不规则固态夹杂物改性为球形液态夹杂物;1873 K下,当[ Al ]为0.030%时,[O]控制在5×10-6~17×10-6,[Ca]控制在0.7×10-6~30×10-6,钢中夹杂物变性效果良好;当[Al]为0.030%时,[ S]控制在6×10-6~19×10-6,既能使钢中Al2 O3夹杂生成液态铝酸钙夹杂物,同时又可以减少CaS生成.     

管线钢中典型夹杂物的热力学分析

通过热力学计算,分析了X80管线钢钙处理后在生成液态钙铝酸盐夹杂物区间内,钢中钙活度和铝含量的关系,确定了生成液态钙铝酸盐夹杂物钙活度的控制范围;计算了钢液铝硫的关系,以及温度对铝硫关系的影响.实验结果表明钢中硫质量分数为20×10-6时,液态夹杂物中的硫化钙溶解度可以达到0.18%.     

合金钢中镁铝尖晶石夹杂物生成与转化热力学

通过FactSage 6.0热力学软件计算,研究了合金钢中镁铝尖晶石(MgO.Al2O3)形成和向低熔点复合夹杂物转化的热力学条件,以及钙处理对钢液成分和夹杂物成分的影响.研究结果表明:钢中生成镁铝尖晶石夹杂物需要镁的含量较低;当钢液中溶解钙的质量分数为1×10-6时,镁铝尖晶石会转化变成液态的复合夹杂物;随着钙加入量的增加,液态复合夹杂物中Al2O3和MgO的含量继续降低,CaO的含量继续增加,SiO2的含量较低,基本保持不变;随着钙加入量的增加,钢液中的氧含量会降低,镁含量增加.     

LD-BAr-CC工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢纯净度研究

研究武汉钢铁股份有限公司炼钢总厂四分厂LD-BAr-CC工艺条件下生产的低碳铝镇静钢的纯净度,分析各工艺阶段钢中显微夹杂、大型夹杂以及全氧、氮含量的变化情况.结果表明,在该厂现行工艺条件下,采用吹氩工艺可明显降低钢中夹杂物含量和全氧含量,全氧含量从精炼前的109.30×10-6降至30.75×10-6.各工序中钢的显微夹杂物主要为Al2O3和SiO2,这是脱氧产物和钢液二次氧化产物在钢中的残留物;大型夹杂物主要是Al2O3、SiO2以及硅铝酸盐等复合夹杂,与浮渣的卷入有很大关系.     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制

为了探讨钢中细小夹杂物的形成机制,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,理论计算了脱氧产物的生成优势区图,讨论了夹杂物长大的影响因素.钢中夹杂物的组成以MgO-A12 O3-TiOx为核心,表面包裹析出MnS,钢液中未发现单独的Al2O3和TiOx夹杂;夹杂物的形貌为近球形,平均尺寸为1μm左右,数量在1000 mm-2以上.镁含量较高的钢中含有少量以MgO-Al2O3和MgO为核心的夹杂物,不利于夹杂物的球形化,镁含量宜控制在50×10-6以下.镁的脱氧能力强,形核临界尺寸小、形核数量多以及钢液中镁、铝和钛复合脱氧的高熔点产物的特性有效地控制了钢中夹杂物的扩散与碰撞长大趋势.     

洁净钢夹杂物形态控制

钢中夹杂物的性质主要决定于强脱氧元素的相对含量。为获得具有良好变形能力的塑性夹杂物,必须采用低铝铁合金合金化,然后用适宜组成的合成渣,通过渣-铜、夹杂物-钢之间建立的局部反应平衡控制钢液中强脱氧元素含量,达到控制夹杂物成分的目的。以弹簧钢为例,根据热力学理论．分析了炼钢工序中可能影响夹杂物组成的各种工艺因素,为夹杂物形态控制的实践提供理论依据。     

高级别船板钢炉外精炼过程洁净度研究

为了研究采用BOF-LF-RH-CC工艺生产的A32船板钢洁净度水平,进行了三炉工业实验.通过对冶炼过程系统取样分析,研究了钢中总氧、氮含量变化,夹杂物的转变规律及机理.结果表明:该工艺生产的船板钢有较高的洁净度,中包总氧控制在2×10-5以下,氮含量控制在4×10-5以下;LF精炼过程中,钢中总氧、夹杂物数量密度和平均尺寸均降低,夹杂物转变为Ca O-Mg O-Al2O3三元系;RH精炼过程中,钢中总氧和夹杂物数量密度降低,而夹杂物平均尺寸升高;钙处理过程中,夹杂物数量密度升高,而夹杂物平均尺寸降低,夹杂物转变为Ca O-Al2O3-Ca S三元系.     

高碳硬线钢82B中Al2 O3-SiO2-MgO-CaO-MnO系夹杂物塑性化控制

分析了高碳硬线钢82B在冶炼过程中复合夹杂物-钢液-渣及耐火材料局部动态平衡反应过程及Mn、Si和Al脱氧条件下夹杂物成分变化规律. 利用热力学计算软件FactSage进一步计算分析了硬线钢获得良好变形能力的Al2O3 -SiO2 -MgO-CaO-MnO五元系夹杂物所需要的条件:钢液中[Al]的质量分数控制在(25～100)×10-6时,相应地钢液中溶解[O]的质量分数可以控制在(5～20) ×10-6. 在低熔点区域内,[Si]的质量分数可以控制在0.1%～1.5%;[Mn]的质量分数控制在0.2%～1%.     

冶炼关键参数对于IF钢轧材夹杂缺陷的影响

针对邯钢IF钢冶炼过程,采用统计学软件SPSS中逻辑回归分析、相关性统计、描述性统计等方法,研究了冶炼过程中关键参数和轧材夹杂缺陷之间的对应关系以及参数间的相关性.结果表明:在IF钢冶炼过程中将转炉终点温度控制在1695~1700℃之间,吹氧量控制在250 m3以下,静置时间控制在30~40 min之间,加铝前氧位不超过3.9×10-4时,IF钢轧材出现夹杂缺陷的机率减少.由此对现场提出了改善措施,结果表明以上优化措施可以减少IF钢轧材中夹杂缺陷的产生.     

轴承钢中TiN夹杂物的控制研究

研究了轴承钢中TiN夹杂物的形成热力学,以及钢中Ti和N的控制理论,并在某钢厂进行了GCr15轴承钢的生产实验.结果表明,在凝固过程中钢中Ti或N的含量越高,TiN夹杂物开始析出温度就越高,析出物的尺寸就越大;使用低Ti合金原料能够有效降低钢中的Ti含量;采用低Ti铁水,初炼渣中的TiO2降到1.0%以下,能有效控制钢水中的Ti含量;采用低钛合成渣过程回钛量显著减少,钢中Ti含量由原来的37×10-6下降至30×10-6;优化改进精炼工艺和大包保护浇铸可以降低钢中N含量为33×10-6;降低凝固偏析,能降低TiN夹杂析出.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-