Macromolecules Mimicking Backbones of Nucleic and Teichoic Acids.Synthesis,Some Properties and Applications

1 Results Several methods have been elaborated in this laboratory allowing preparation of macromolecules with phosphodiester bonds,and having sequence of atoms similar as in the chains of biomacromolecules - nucleic or teichoic acids (TA),namely:-(C)n-O-PO-,where n=2 (for teichoic acids) or 3.These methods,to be discussed in the lecture,are based on the ring-opening polymerization,transesterification,and recently elaborated direct addition of phosphoric acid to diepoxides.For the first time an attempt has been made to directly reacting phosphoric acid with diols in the presence and absence of catalysts.The major side reaction,preventing high molar mass polymers formation,results from dealkylation,i.e.nucleophilic attack of the OH groups on the C atom,instead attack on the P atom.The other two methods allowed reaching high molar mass macromolecules,with Mn up to 105.Following these studies phosphorylation of polymers with side groups containing -OH groups were studied and a series of diblock copolymers with ionic and nonionic blocks were prepared.     

Real time monitoring of nucleic acids ligation based on molecular beacon

The replication, ligation and repair of nucleic acids are essential life processes that based the survival, pro-creation and evolution of creatures. These interactions involving proteins (enzymes) and nucleic acids have fas-cinated great interest of scientists[1]. The nucleic acids ligation has been revealed that it is catalyzed by ligase and co-enzyme (ATP or NAD)[2—4]. Along with in-depth re-search, the nucleic acids ligation becomes a significant and common tool employed in bioengineerin…     

PNA（T）.DNA（AT） triplexes with Hoogsteen base pairing are more favorable

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are nucleic acid analogs with the deoxyribose phosphate backbone replaced by pseudo-peplide polymers to which the nucleobases are linked. The achiral, uncharged and rather flexible properties of the peplide backbone permit peptide nucleic acids more potential than oligonucleolides in application to antisence and antigenic reagents. The process of PNA binding to DNA duplex and forming triplex is the first step of PNA interacting with PNA. But there are no PNA.2DNA triplex crystal data up to date and little has been reported on the structure features and the force of the PNA.2DNA triplex. In this work, PNA(T).DNA(AT) triplexes are successfully built and the structures and forces to stabilize the triplex after optimizations and molecule dynamics are systematically examined, which are expected to aid in the application of PNAs as anticerise and antigene agents.     

Synthesis of Novel Metal Ion Sensors Based on DNA-Metal Interactions

The interactions of metal ions with nucleic acids, nucleosides, and nucleo-bases have been extensively investigated .We have reported that thymine-thymine （T-T） and cytosine-cytosine （C-C） miss base pairs in DNA duplexes highly selectively capture Hgn ion and AgI ion, which result in formations of metal-mediated base pairs, T-Hg^Ⅱ -T and C-Ag^Ⅰ -C, in duplexes. The phenomenon is expected to be useful for a variety of studies such as synthesis of nano-wires containing metal ions, developing metal-ion sensing methods, etc. Here, we report novel oligodeoxyribonucleotide （ODN）-based sensors that detect Hgn ions and Ag^Ⅰ ions in aqueous solutions.     

The hybridization between peptide nucleic acid containing azobenzene and DNA labeled nanoparticle on chip surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy

Peptide nucleic acid containing azobenzene （N-PNA） was covalently bound on chip surfaces. Complementary DNA probes labeled by gold nanoparticles hybridizated with PNA on chip surfaces, The hybridization was successfully detected with AFM by the microscopy mothed. The influences of the position and the cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene unit on hybridization were investigated with AFM.     

Extraction and DNA Digestion of 5′-Phosphodiesterase from Malt Root

This study investigated the extraction of 5＇-phosphodiesterase from malt root and the degradation of nucleic acids by this enzyme. The extraction used grade precipitation with ammonium sulfate and enzymatic hydrolysis. Samples were assayed using the modified Bradford method and high performance liquid chromatography. The results show that 5＇-phosphodiesterase is isolated by grade precipitation with 30% and 80% saturation of ammonium sulfate and can be utilized to degrade deoxyribonucleic acid. The hydrolysate has four kinds of deoxynucleotides： 5＇-dCMP, 5＇-dTMP, 5＇-dAMP, and 5＇-dGMP. The optimum reaction temperature is 70℃, and the optimum pH is 5.5-6.0 for the reaction. The percentage of deoxynucleotides indicated by the China Pharmacopoeia （2000 edition） in the product is over 70%. The extraction of 5＇-phosphodiesterase from malt root is shown to be possible and economical. Products from the enzYmatic hydrolysate of DNA meet the pharmacopoeia.     

Coordination chemistry mimics of nuclease-activity in the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond

In vivo, there occurs the synthesis and degradation of the nucleic acids, involving the formation and cleavage of phosphodiester bond. The cleavage modes of phosphodiester bond can be divided into two types, oxidative and hydrolytic, only the hydrolytic products are sticky and connectable, allowing to be religated by ligases. In recent years, great progresses have been made in chemical mimics in the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond. Among the found metal complexes with the activity of nucleic acid cleavage, there are mononuclear and dinuclear metal complexes, the adopted metal ions including transitional and lanthanide metal ions. However, the reaction rates are still several orders less than those of the natural enzymes. It should be a prosperous and expedient direction to mimic the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond by taking the advantages of dinuclear metal complexes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">ftsZ</Emphasis> gene and plastid division

As the important cellular organelles in plants, plas-tids comprise one of the primary features that distinguish plant cells from those of other eukaryotes. Seen from the origin, plastids derive from endosymbiotic photosynthetic bacteria. Subsequently, plastids have evolved to become essential components for plant cell function. Besides the important role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, some water-soluble proteins that involved in biosynthesis of starch, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleic aci…     

THz time-domain spectroscopy of amino acids

The optical characteristics of four kinds of amino acids （tyrosine, arginine, histidine and glutamine） filled with nitrogen at room temperature were studied by THz time-domain spectroscopy （THz-TDS）. Well-resolved absorption and refractive spectrums between 0.I and 2.8 THz were obtained based on the physical model for extracting the optical parameters of materials in THz range. The results not only fill up the spectra gap of amino acids in far-infrared range, supply data for amino acid molecular identification and conformation analysis, but also demonstrate significantly potential to promote the research and application of biological materials in bio-chemical and medical fields by THz-TDS.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that