表面接枝不同分子量聚乙二醇的聚氨酯材料的抗粘附性能研究

通过利用聚多巴胺与氨基基团的共价反应,将不同分子量的氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG-NH_2)固定于聚氨酯(PU)材料表面,并系统地研究了不同分子量聚乙二醇修饰的聚氨酯材料表面的抗粘附性能.实验中采用了三种不同分子量的氨基聚乙二醇单甲醚,分别是分子量1 000、2 000和5 000.对修饰后的材料表面进行的X射线光电子能谱测试及静态接触角测试证实了不同分子量的聚乙二醇成功地接枝于聚氨酯材料表面.通过对材料表面在不同时间段抗金黄色葡萄球菌粘附效果的分析,以及抗血小板粘附测试,系统地探讨了聚乙二醇分子量的不同对所修饰材料表面抗粘附效果的影响.并针对由分子量2 000与5 000的聚乙二醇修饰的材料表面进行了抗细菌生物膜测试.     

醛基化大分子强化介孔泡沫硅中青霉素酰化酶和胰蛋白酶的固定化

为了提高酶的亚基增强固定化酶的稳定性,在介孔泡沫硅中对固定化酶进行共价修饰.以青霉素酰化酶和胰蛋白酶为目标酶,考察醛基化修饰对固定化酶活力、负载率的影响以及在酸性缓冲溶液、亲水有机体系和离子液体中的催化稳定性,并对固定化酶进行电泳分析.结果表明:醛基化修饰的青霉素酰化酶在酸性缓冲液中6h保留95%的残余活力,在疏水离子液体中50℃处理10h保留近80%的残余活力;醛基化胰蛋白酶在20%乙醇中50℃保持活力不变.因此,醛基化修饰能稳定酶的亚基,在创建酶催化的微环境的同时,又能提高酶在极端环境下的稳定性.     

用活化的单甲氧基聚乙二醇修饰L-天冬酰胺酶

使用活化的单甲氧基聚乙二醇（mPEG2）对L－天酰胺酶进行修饰,修饰过程中加入底物L－天冬酰氨保护酶的活性中心。得到的修饰酶抗体结合能力消失,保留酶比活力32．8％,酶的常温稳定性和热稳定性均有显著提高。荧光胺法科氨基数目得出酶分子的92个自由氨基中有51个被修饰剂结合。     

聚乙二醇对碳酸钙晶体生长影响的研究

选用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为碳酸钙晶体生长的修饰剂,考察不同分子量的聚乙二醇对碳酸钙晶型和形貌的调控作用.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对所得晶体进行表征,结果表明:PEG6000、PEG10000以及PEG20000均对碳酸钙晶体的形貌产生了影响,并且低分子量的PEG6000有利于不稳定的球霰石相的生成.     

烟草叶片蔗糖酶的化学修饰

采用PMSF、NBS、IAc、BrAc、SUAN、TNBS、PCMB、DTT等8种化学修饰剂在一定的条件下选择性修饰蔗糖酶,研究烟草蔗糖酶分子中氨基酸侧链基团与酶活性中心的关系.结果表明:PMSF、NBS、PCMB等3种化学修饰剂能显著地抑制酶的活力,而BrAc、IAc、TNBS、SUAN、DTT等对酶的活力影响不大.说明对丝氨酸残基、色氨酸残基和巯基的化学修饰后对酶的活力影响很大,而酶分子中的组氨酸残基及赖氨酸残基不在酶的活性中心,修饰后对酶的活力没有直接影响.     

铜引入方式和模板剂分子量对铜硅复合材料孔结构的影响

采用软模板法制备了系列多级孔铜硅复合氧化材料,分别考察了铜组分的引入方式和模板剂分子量对孔结构的影响.通过对所制备的复合材料进行SEM和N2吸附-脱附表征研究,结果表明:铜组分原位掺杂法较铜浸渍法负载所获得的Cu-SiO2复合材料比表面、孔容大;低分子量聚乙二醇模板剂更易获得大的比表面和孔容的Cu-SiO2复合材料.     

聚氨酯衍生物大单体对聚醋酸乙烯酯胶黏剂性能的影响

为了提升聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)乳液胶黏剂的热性能和力学性能,制备了5种不同分子量的聚氨酯衍生物大单体,将其与醋酸乙烯酯等主单体进行半连续种子乳液共聚合,得到了5种聚氨酯衍生物大单体接枝改性的PVAc乳液胶黏剂。结果表明,随着聚氨酯衍生物大单体分子量的增大,改性后PVAc乳液胶黏剂体系内软段数目增多,玻璃化转变温度降低,粒径、乳胶膜的表面粗糙度及持黏力增大,热稳定性、初黏力及180°剥离强度先上升后下降;当多元醇为分子量600的聚乙二醇(PEG-600)时,聚氨酯衍生物大单体改性后的PVAc乳液胶黏剂的综合性能最佳。     

僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶功能基团的研究

采用化学修饰法研究僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶活性功能基团性质.酶经0.4mmol·L-1PCMB修饰30min后活力仍然保持不变,提示巯基与酶的活力无关;用二巯基苏糖醇(DTT)对酶进行修饰,当DTT浓度达到2.5mmol·L-1时,酶活力丧失98%,表明硫 硫键与酶活力有密切的关系;以N 溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)修饰酶的色氨酸残基,酶的修饰失活呈一级反应,当NBS浓度达到0.65mmol·L-1时,酶活力丧失100%,并辅以紫外吸收光谱的变化分析,表明色氨酸残基是酶催化活力所必需的;醋酸酐、马来酸酐、甲醛等氨基试剂对酶的修饰作用显示氨基是酶的必需基团.     

家蚕碱性磷酸酶的功能基团研究

用PCMB、NBS、PMSF、TNBS、SUAN、DTT、BrAc、IAc等在一定条件下选择性修饰家蚕碱性磷酸酶的部分氨基酸残基,对酶活力的变化进行测定.结果表明:PMSF、SUAN、BrAc、IAc和TNBS的修饰能显著抑制酶的活性,且酶活力降低程度与修饰剂的浓度相关;PMSF、DTT和NBT的修饰对酶的影响较小.初步认为,巯基和组氨酸的咪唑基可能是家蚕碱性磷酸酶的必需功能基团,赖氨酸残基和二硫键对保护酶的催化能力是必需的.     

用有机相提高共价固定化胰蛋白酶活力

蛋白质共价固定时,容易发生由于共价化学反应而引起蛋白质构象的不可逆变化而造成蛋白活性丧失的现象,该问题在诸如药物修饰、蛋白质芯片、酶生物电极等制备中十分重要.本研究以壳聚糖为载体,以胰蛋白酶为研究对象,比较了水相与多种有机相条件下的共价固定化酶的动力学特性.结果发现,固定化酶特征常数Km值:所有的有机相条件下共价固定的胰蛋白酶均优于传统的水相中共价固定的该酶,且更接近于游离酶的Km值(水相中固定的胰蛋白酶其Km是1,4-二氧六环中固定的胰蛋白酶的3.69倍),提示有机相中固定的胰蛋白酶比水相中固定的该酶更接近于酶的天然构象;与水相中共价固定的胰蛋白酶相比,所有有机相中共价固定的胰蛋白酶均获得了更高的转换数Kcat(乙酸乙酯中固定的胰蛋白酶其转换数Kcat是水相中固定的该酶的58.64倍),即有机相中共价固定的胰蛋白酶均显示出比传统的水相中共价固定的该酶更高的催化效率.本研究表明,利用酶蛋白在有机相中变得刚硬的特性,在有机相中对某些酶进行共价固定化修饰有利于维持酶蛋白天然构象,一定程度上能够克服传统水相中进行共价固定化过程中造成的酶变性失活现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that