静电电动机实验研究

对两电极间电荷移动过程中电极间空气所受的影响以及转子转动进行了实验研究,建立了离子流、空气涡流的模型,并探索了静电电动机的工作机理.实验及理论分析表明,引起转子转动的原因是空气涡流产生的效应.     

超声旋转行波马达研究

采用解析法求解了环形行波超声马达定子振动的幅频特性，并在此基础上，依据马达转子的动力学方程，建立了定子与转子间的接触数学模型，从理论和实验两个方面分析了输入激励电源频率及电压大小变化对马达输出机械特性的影响，结果表明，超声马达的输出特性与激励电源的参数密切相关，在谐振频率附近，马达的阻转力矩和输出转速都有较大增加，增加驱动电压，阻转力矩和输出转速将单调增大。     

关于一种电机交流电源的改进性设计

作为精密敏感元件电机的供电电源,在工程实践中,对电机交流电源的设计要求严格。针对一种精密敏感元件电机的交流电源进行改进设计和分析研究,找出了该交流电源电路+24 V和交流输出下拉的设计缺陷,提出了采用能防止两场效应管同时导通的驱动电路的设计方案和解决措施,并通过了试验验证。     

Sub-piconewton force fluctuations of actomyosin in vitro.

A new system has been developed for measuring the forces produced by a small number (less than 5-150) of myosin molecules interacting with a single actin filament in vitro. The technique can resolve forces of less than a piconewton and has a time resolution in the submillisecond range. It can thus detect fluctuations of force caused by individual molecular interactions. From analysis of these force fluctuations, the coupling between the enzymatic ATPase activity of actomyosin and the resulting mechanical impulses can be elucidated.     

电力测功电机影响因素分析

讨论了变频电源输入电压的非正弦对测功电机的性能影响,提出了改善不利影响的措施。     

高压电动机故障诊断人工神经网络法

分析了高压电动机的故障特征,对高压电动机故障诊断人工神经网络法进行了讨论.并应用对称分量法理论,提出基于正序、负序、零序电流分量的高压电动机故障诊断人工神经网络法.建立了一个5层前向神经网络,对采用了有效的网络学习算法进行了讨论,为全面、快速和准确地实现高压电动机故障诊断,以提高其运行的安全性和可靠性提供了依据.     

Planar polarized actomyosin contractile flows control epithelial junction remodelling

Force generation by Myosin-II motors on actin filaments drives cell and tissue morphogenesis. In epithelia, contractile forces are resisted at apical junctions by adhesive forces dependent on E-cadherin, which also transmits tension. During Drosophila embryonic germband extension, tissue elongation is driven by cell intercalation, which requires an irreversible and planar polarized remodelling of epithelial cell junctions. We investigate how cell deformations emerge from the interplay between force generation and cortical force transmission during this remodelling in Drosophila melanogaster. The shrinkage of dorsal-ventral-oriented ('vertical') junctions during this process is known to require planar polarized junctional contractility by Myosin II (refs 4, 5, 7, 12). Here we show that this shrinkage is not produced by junctional Myosin II itself, but by the polarized flow of medial actomyosin pulses towards 'vertical' junctions. This anisotropic flow is oriented by the planar polarized distribution of E-cadherin complexes, in that medial Myosin II flows towards 'vertical' junctions, which have relatively less E-cadherin than transverse junctions. Our evidence suggests that the medial flow pattern reflects equilibrium properties of force transmission and coupling to E-cadherin by α-Catenin. Thus, epithelial morphogenesis is not properly reflected by Myosin II steady state distribution but by polarized contractile actomyosin flows that emerge from interactions between E-cadherin and actomyosin networks.     

Stimulation of Acanthamoeba actomyosin ATPase activity by myosin-II polymerization

Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains of vertebrate smooth muscle or cytoplasmic myosins alters the structure of myosin monomers, favours myosin filament formation and stimulates the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase of myosin. Similarly, in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba phosphorylation of the myosin heavy chains exhibits both polymerization and actin-activated Mg2+ATPase. Unfortunately, the relationships between phosphorylation, myosin assembly and activation of ATP hydrolysis are not fully understood in any of these systems, as there has been no way of varying the extent of polymerization of intact myosin without changing solution conditions or the level of myosin phosphorylation, parameters that may have independent effects on ATPase activity. Taking an entirely new approach, we have used monoclonal antibodies against the tail of Acanthamoeba myosin-II that cause filament disassembly to show that myosin polymerization itself stimulates actomyosin ATPase activity. With a fixed level of myosin-II phosphorylation and constant solution conditions, depolymerization of myosin-II filaments by antibodies causes a concomitant loss of actin-activated ATPase activity.     

Polar actomyosin contractility destabilizes the position of the cytokinetic furrow

Cytokinesis, the physical separation of daughter cells at the end of mitosis, requires precise regulation of the mechanical properties of the cell periphery. Although studies of cytokinetic mechanics mostly focus on the equatorial constriction ring, a contractile actomyosin cortex is also present at the poles of dividing cells. Whether polar forces influence cytokinetic cell shape and furrow positioning remains an open question. Here we demonstrate that the polar cortex makes cytokinesis inherently unstable. We show that limited asymmetric polar contractions occur during cytokinesis, and that perturbing the polar cortex leads to cell shape oscillations, resulting in furrow displacement and aneuploidy. A theoretical model based on a competition between cortex turnover and contraction dynamics accurately accounts for the oscillations. We further propose that membrane blebs, which commonly form at the poles of dividing cells and whose role in cytokinesis has long been enigmatic, stabilize cell shape by acting as valves releasing cortical contractility. Our findings reveal an inherent instability in the shape of the dividing cell and unveil a novel, spindle-independent mechanism ensuring the stability of cleavage furrow positioning.     

Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin cortex drive mitotic cell rounding

During mitosis, adherent animal cells undergo a drastic shape change, from essentially flat to round. Mitotic cell rounding is thought to facilitate organization within the mitotic cell and be necessary for the geometric requirements of division. However, the forces that drive this shape change remain poorly understood in the presence of external impediments, such as a tissue environment. Here we use cantilevers to track cell rounding force and volume. We show that cells have an outward rounding force, which increases as cells enter mitosis. We find that this mitotic rounding force depends both on the actomyosin cytoskeleton and the cells' ability to regulate osmolarity. The rounding force itself is generated by an osmotic pressure. However, the actomyosin cortex is required to maintain this rounding force against external impediments. Instantaneous disruption of the actomyosin cortex leads to volume increase, and stimulation of actomyosin contraction leads to volume decrease. These results show that in cells, osmotic pressure is balanced by inwardly directed actomyosin cortex contraction. Thus, by locally modulating actomyosin-cortex-dependent surface tension and globally regulating osmotic pressure, cells can control their volume, shape and mechanical properties.     

Limitations in the use of actomyosin threads as model contractile systems

Recent studies have suggested that actomyosin threads may provide a useful model for studying the properties of contractile systems. The development of highly sensitive positional feedback transducers has enabled the properties of these threads to be measured reproducibly. Potential applications include such systems as ventricle, smooth muscle and non-muscle preparations, from which it is difficult to obtain suitable fibres for mechanical studies. In addition, studies with chemically modified myosins may provide new insights into the relationships between the biochemical and mechanical events in the cross-bridge cycle. However, there are indications that the mechanical properties of actomyosin threads differ from those of intact fibres in several important respects. For example, contraction velocity is proportional to isometric tension in threads, but is independent of filament density in intact fibres. We have now determined the force-velocity characteristics of actomyosin threads prepared from muscles with known differences in their physiological contraction velocities. No direct relationships could be found between the velocity characteristics of the threads and those of intact muscle. We conclude that the measured velocities of threads reflect properties of the actomyosins other than cross-bridge cycling times, thus severely limiting the usefulness of this technique for comparative purposes.     

PMSM的高精度感应电势状态观测器与位置估计

提出了永磁同步电动机考虑参数变化时精确的感应电势关系式新模型,建立了微分型和非微分型两种高精度感应电势观测器,证明了感应电势观测器的稳定性和收敛性,分析了参数变动对位置估计的影响.针对无位置传感器矢量控制系统,以内埋式永磁同步电动机为例进行了仿真实验研究,结果表明设计的感应电势状态观测器具有优良的性能.     

Comparative studies on the biochemical characteristics of natural actomyosin isolated from PSE and normal pork

Biochemical changes of natural actomyosin from fresh pale, soft, exudative (PSE) and normal pork were studied,and the effects of different storage temperatures and different incubation temperature and times on sample superprecipitation,total sulfhydryl (-SH) content, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) sensitivity were investigated. The results demonstrated that ATPase activity and thermal stability of PSE actomyosin were lower than those of normal pork; and that PSE actomyosin had higher -SH content than that of normal pork at all incubation temperatures and times tested.     

三相换向器电动机的应用

本详细说明了三相换向器同的应用及其在应用中注意的有关问题。     

Transmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals depends on motor unit size

It has been postulated that the success with which a motor nerve terminal competes for synaptic connections or the ability of an axon to maintain sprouts may depend on the support each terminal receives from its coma, presumably in the form of some substance(s) synthesized there. The support received by each terminal may in turn depend on the total number of terminals maintained by that soma, namely, motor unit size. We show here that when motor unit size is experimentally decreased, transmitter release from the terminals is markedly enhanced. This is consistent with the view that the extent of support from the soma may also influence the effectiveness of synaptic transmission.     

基于FPGA的电机细分控制的研究

以前电机的细分控制技术借用硬件设备来实现对其细分,但是这个过程复杂成本较高,最重要的是在实现电机的细分过程还会出现电流震荡等现象导致细分不够精密。现在随着科技的不断进步,FPGA在当下很多电路中应用广泛,特别是对电机细分控制的应用上能起到很好的效果。文章以步进电机为研究对象简要探讨了步进电机细分驱动的基本原理,基于FPGA的硬件实现和仿真、测试结果分析,展示了步进电机细分的过程。     

浅谈同步电动机的励磁调节

煤矿负荷大多是感应式电动机,属感性负荷,功率因数低。同步电动机可以在超前的功率因数下工作,但必须正确地调节电动机的励磁电流才能充分发挥其补偿能力,该文笔者根据理论和实践经验,介绍了正确的调节方法,具有一定借鉴意义。