马铃薯淀粉高吸水性树脂的合成及性能研究

为优化马铃薯淀粉高吸水性树脂的合成工艺,采用水溶液聚合法进行接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂,并对其性能进行研究.结果表明：当马铃薯淀粉与单体（g/mL）比例为1：7,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺摩尔比为0.5：1,丙烯酸中和度为70％,反应温度60℃,引发剂、交联剂用量分别为单体的0.25 wt％,0.6 wt％,交联时间为1.5h.此条件下合成的高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水倍率达到786 g/g,吸0.9％ NaCl倍率达到76.1g/g,且吸水速率较快.对人工血、人工尿及一价阳离子溶液有较好的吸收率;热稳定性较好,保水能力强,在室温条件下保水能力在7d左右;在30、40、50、60℃条件下保水能力均优于科翰98保水剂,但耐酸性较差,在中性偏碱的条件下具有很好的吸水倍率.     

复合型保水剂的制备与性能研究

【目的】制备高效复合型保水剂,并对保水剂的保水性能进行分析。【方法】以丙烯酸、玉米淀粉、海藻酸钠和钠基膨润土为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用溶液聚合法制备复合型保水剂。以红外光谱、热重和扫描电镜对保水剂进行表征。【结果】加入的海藻酸钠和钠基膨润土降低了生产成本,并使保水剂的性能有所提高。实验表明,以单体丙烯酸质量为基准,引发剂用量为0.20%,交联剂用量为0.025%,海藻酸钠用量为15%,钠基膨润土用量为15%,所得保水剂保水效果最好。【结论】在此条件下合成的复合型保水剂对蒸馏水和生理盐水的吸水倍率为850 g/g和95 g/g,且吸水速率较快,保水性能良好。     

沸石/羧甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酰胺复合型保水剂的制备

在沸石的存在下,以N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)进行接枝共聚反应,合成接枝纤维素/沸石复合保水剂.采用红外光谱表征复合保水剂的微观特征,研究纤维素与单体的配比、沸石添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度及单体质量比对吸水率的影响,测试复合材料的吸水速率和保水性.结果表明:当沸石、CMC、引发剂、交联剂用量分别占单体质量的20%、3%、0.7%、0.04%,AA与AM质量比为5,中和度为77%时,复合保水剂吸自来水倍率达434 g/g,对生理盐水溶液的吸水倍率达71 g/g.     

保水剂产品形状对吸水保水特性的影响

利用自制的聚丙烯酸钾/腐植酸(PKA/HA)考察了产品形状对吸水保水特性的影响,结果显示:大颗粒、小颗粒和粉末状三种剂型的保水剂中,当保水剂的颗粒居中,即形状为小颗粒时,其溶胀度、吸水速率和倍率等综合性能均为最好,其吸收的水能够达到自身重量的近700倍。     

丙烯酸盐/沸石/琼脂复合高吸水材料制备及性能

以混合丙烯酸盐、沸石、琼脂等为原料,用水溶液交联共聚法制备复合高吸水树脂材料.研究琼脂与单体的配比、沸石添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量及中和度对吸水倍率的影响,探讨复合材料的保水性,用红外光谱表征复合材料的结构.结果表明:沸石在聚合物中能较好分散,复合材料吸纯净水倍率为596(g/g),对生理盐水溶液的吸水倍率为100(g/g),其保水性能良好.     

三元共聚复合吸水树脂的合成与性能

采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈在水溶液中三元共聚,并以钠基膨润土、滑石粉、高岭土为无机添加剂,合成了有机/无机复合吸水树脂,对比研究了以上述三种无机材料为添加剂的吸水树脂的吸液性能。结果表明,吸水树脂在自来水中的吸液倍率达138. 67 g·g-1,在5%NaCl盐水中的吸液倍率达46. 8 g·g-1,在0. 3% CaCl2盐水中的吸液倍率达14. 17 g·g-1;无机材料对提高吸水速率和吸水倍率的贡献大小为:高岭土>膨润土>滑石粉,对提高吸盐速率和吸盐倍率的贡献大小为:滑石粉>高岭土>膨润土,对提高树脂抗盐性能的贡献大小:滑石粉>膨润土>高岭土。     

淀粉/AMPS/DMC高吸水树脂的合成及其吸水保水性能研究

以淀粉、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,(NH4)2S2O8为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)为交联剂,通过水溶液聚合法制备高吸水树脂。采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对树脂的结构进行了表征分析。考察了AMPS与DMC比例、p H值以及淀粉、引发剂、交联剂用量等条件对树脂的吸水、吸盐水倍率的影响,结果表明,在最佳条件下,树脂吸水率为698 g/g,吸盐水(浓度0.9%)倍率为86 g/g。同时,树脂的土壤保水性能结果表明,淀粉/AMPS/DMC高吸水树脂的加入大大改善了土壤的保水性能,当树脂用量为0.25 g/50 g时,土壤的保水时间后移,不同土壤在自来水中的饱和含水率提高了4.02~5.73倍,在盐水(浓度0.9%)中的饱和含水率提高了1.70~2.04倍。     

聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

采用丙烯酸为单体,高岭土为原料,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠作引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂,并对其进行红外光谱测定.考察了高岭土的添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度等单因素变量对树脂吸水性能的影响,并测定其反复吸水性能及保水性能.实验结果表明,高岭土的添加量为单体含量的15%、交联剂用量为单体含量的0.15%、引发剂用量为单体含量的0.25%、中和度为50%、聚合温度为80℃时制备的树脂吸水倍率最大,为968 g·g-1;加入高岭土时得到的树脂比其他条件相同不含高岭土时的反复吸水性能好;复合树脂有较好的保水性能,常压40℃时,7 h后树脂的保水率为69.17%;不同浓度Na Cl盐溶液对复合高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响不同,盐溶液浓度越大,树脂的吸水倍率越小.     

不同温度下5种保水剂吸水和持水特性的差异

为探讨保水剂可明显地提高造林成活率,但在新疆早春和秋冬季造林温度较低,夏季温度较高,对保水剂吸、持水特性影响较大,直接影响了保水剂的实际效果。本实验采用选择安信、海明、神润、立铭、金元易(大、小颗粒)等5种不同类型保水剂为材料,对比研究了不同温度下吸水持水特性。结果表明:15种保水剂都具有良好的吸水性,其中安信保水剂累积吸水量最大,达到自身重量的225-240倍;保水剂的颗粒大小对吸水性也会产生影响,吸水开始的半小时内金元易小颗粒的吸水速率比大颗粒明显要大2倍;2低温明显限制保水剂的吸水倍率,吸水开始的半小时内降低了13.4%-55.0%不等。但随着时间的增加,保水剂都能达到不同温度的最大吸水量;高温对保水剂的吸水速率也有一定影响,吸水倍率变化范围在-6.3%—(+7.0%)之间;35种保水剂都有不同程度的释水现象,其中立铭保水剂在第一天释水量就达到了51.2%,这说明其吸水持水特性相对较差。由此可知通过研究我们认为安信和金元易小颗粒两种保水剂在低温下吸水倍率受影响较小,持水性对温度变化不敏感,所以更适于新疆早春植树造林应用。     

微波辐射合成聚丙烯酸-海藻酸钠高吸水树脂

以海藻酸钠和丙烯酸为原料,采用微波辐射法接枝共聚制备了聚丙烯酸(AA)-海藻酸钠(SA)高吸水树脂。探讨了交联剂及引发剂的用量、单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、微波功率等因素对树脂吸水倍率的影响规律,并进行了树脂吸水速率和保水性能的研究,用红外光谱对树脂结构进行表征。实验结果表明,该树脂在蒸馏水中的吸水倍率为733.92 g/g,在生理盐水中的吸水倍率为120.68 g/g,并且具有较快的吸水速率及良好的保水性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that