混凝氧化沉淀过滤一体化工艺处理染色废水的工程实践

染色废水是严重的水体污染源之一,水质具有色度高,成分复杂,可生化性差等特点。采用混凝—催化氧化—沉淀—过滤的一体化处理工艺,对某棉织厂的染色废水进行了处理,在进水COD和色度分别为650mg/l和500倍的情况下,出水水质分别达到了173mg/l和10倍,COD和色度的去除率分别达到了73%和98%,废水处理运行成本为0.9元/m3,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

电解絮凝法处理气田废水实验研究

采用电解絮凝法对气田废水进行了治理研究,探讨了其反应机理,并通过实验确定了适宜的工艺条件。实验结果表明,电解絮凝法处理气田水,作为一级处理COD_cr去除率可达到50% ~60%,作为二级处理COD_cr去除率可达到70% ~80%,其工艺具有不需投加任何化学药剂、操作简单的特点,为气田废水的治理提供了一条新途径。     

两种方法对染色废水脱色及其再利用的影响

以活性染料染色废水为研究对象,分别采取活性炭和保险粉2种方法进行脱色,分析处理后得到的回用水指标,进而比较2种处理方式对染色废水脱色效果的影响,为脱色废水再利用奠定基础。     

发光细菌法研究纸浆CEH漂白废水的毒性

采用发光细菌法对纸浆CEH漂白废水进行毒性研究,其中C段废水的毒性最大,其EC50为28 83%,属于强毒级别;E段、H段废水的EC50分别为68 92%、267 9%,分别属于毒、无毒级别;其中C段的毒性排放负荷约占总废水毒性排放负荷的67 5%左右;结果表明,漂白废水的毒性排放负荷较大,约为423 92TU·m3·t(浆)-1,相当于42 93gHgCl2·t(浆)-1,对其治理不容忽视.     

治理含氨废水的研究

本文应用汽提脱氨原理,设计了治理含氨废水的实验装置。其研究结果,处理废水量为30■,能从含氨浓度1%W(V),HCO3-(按CO2计)0.05—0.85%(W/V)的废水中,以氨回收率>95%、回收氨浓度≥=15%(W/V),使净化后水中残留氨型氮含量<100ppm,余烈回收达50■无需外加冷却用水; 处理每吨废水仅耗105℃的蒸汽0.13t,却净得利人民约0.3元; 无二次污染■有利资源回收,环境效益高。     

冶金厂含铬废水还原吸附治理

针对冶金厂排放的黄绿色含铬废水和以硫酸亚铁和改性膨润土处理,找出其最佳的还原吸附条件并对吸附机理作了探讨.试验结果:铬和色度去除近100%,废水治理后可考虑作为工业用水.     

SBBR处理人工模拟猪场废水的试验研究

采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理模拟猪场废水,采用聚酯海绵作为填料,好氧阶段DO值控制在3～7 mg/L,逐步提升水力负荷,经过75d的连续实验,结果表明,当进水COD为2 000 mg/L,NH4+—N为480 mg/L时,COD去除率可达60%～90%,NH4+—N去除率为25%～50%.SBBR反应器对废水COD去除率较高,氨氮去除效果较低,具有一定的处理猪场废水的能力.填料的种类和反应器的设计也是影响氨氮去除率的关键因素.     

用坑道废水加细菌堆浸采场废矿和选厂尾矿中铜的研究

用坑道废水加入5%—10%人工培养细菌液、堆浸某矿采场废矿、再用堆浸液搅拌浸出选厂含铜尾矿.浸出液用铁屑置换,生产海绵铜.废矿堆浸60—120d,铜浸出率达60%—88%;尾矿搅拌浸出15—30min,铜浸出率达73.83%,海绵铜品位为60%—81%.     

三步法处理钻井废水的实验研究

根据钻井废水的污染特征和目前处理中存在的问题,提出了“酸化中和—混凝—活性炭吸附”三步处理的方法,并对其可行性进行了实验研究。结果表明,酸化中和阶段,可将废水中的悬浮物去除80%以上,CODCr去除50%;混凝后CODCr去除率达到75%;最后,采用活性炭吸附进行深度处理,可使CODCr值下降为200 mg/L以下,达到排放标准。     

制药废水预处理试验研究

采用活性炭、H2O2和硫酸铝相结合的吸附—催化氧化—絮凝法联合处理某制药厂废水。考察了活性炭用量、H2O2用量和絮凝剂用量对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,废水pH为4,反应90min后,絮凝实验调pH为7的条件下,H2O2加入量为16.7mL/L、活性炭投加量为10g/L,硫酸铝溶液用量283mL/L进行絮凝沉淀,效果最佳,废水COD去除率达到50%以上。     

聚乳酸织物碱性染色工艺探讨

为提高生产效率并简化聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)织物的传统染色工艺,利用耐碱的分散染料在碱性条件下对PLA织物进行染色。研究了处理液pH值对PLA织物减量的影响,以及PLA织物的中性染色及碱性染色产品的K/S值及减量率;讨论了碱性染色温度和碱剂用量对PLA织物K/S值和强力的影响;对比了PLA织物有无还原清洗工序的碱性染色产品的色牢度,以及碱性染色与传统染色的工序、配方及产品的颜色深度。结果表明:随着处理液pH值的升高,织物的减量率逐渐增加且碱性条件下更有利于PLA织物的减量;碱性染色织物的减量率及K/S值均高于中性染色产品;随着染色温度的升高和碱剂用量增大,染色织物颜色逐渐变深且断裂强力下降;PLA织物碱性染色产品色牢度好且染色后无需还原清洗;碱性染色比传统染色方法所得织物的颜色更深且碱性染色工艺更加节省能源、水以及时间。     

染料拼色反射光谱的Bezier曲线建模方法

将单一染料染色反射光谱表示成由控制点和Bernstein基组成的Bezier曲线,分析单一染料质量分数与对应的Bezier曲线控制点之间的关系,建立单一染料染色反射光谱与染料质量分数的参数方程.根据多种染料拼色的机理,将多个单一染料染色的反射光谱Bezier曲线进行叠加,得到多种染料拼色的反射光谱Bezier曲线,并通过实际染色实验验证该方法的准确性.结果表明:当拼色染料的种类、质量分数和织物种类已知时,文中方法可以确定单一染料染色及拼色染色后布匹的反射光谱Bezier曲线和三刺激值,并预测布匹染色后与目标色的色差.     

分散染料在染色涤纶上固着状态的探讨

利用X-射线衍射、DSC热分析和光学行为的测量,对三个分散染料(C.I.分散红225、167,C.I.分散蓝73)在染色涤纶纤维上的固着状态进行了研究。结果表明:这些染料均不以晶体状态固着在纤维上,所以染色纤维的色光与这些染料晶型的颜色没有关系。     

天然彩棉的结晶度和取向度研究

用X射线衍射方法研究了天然彩棉、白棉和染色棉的结晶度和取向度,结果表明:天然彩棉的结晶度和取向度明显小于染色棉,但与白棉的差异并不明显,且天然彩棉和白棉的结晶度和取向度因产地不同而有所差异,无规律可寻.在研究取向状态时,发现天然绿色棉呈现两个特征:一是(040)晶面的衍射峰显著低于(200)晶面;二是(002)晶面衍射的强度分布与天然棕色棉、白棉和染色棉明显不同.这两个特征可用于鉴别天然绿色棉的真伪.     

Trichromatic Combination Foam Dyeing of Cotton Using Reactive Dyes

In order to investigate the optimal foam dyeing process and the compatibility of trichromatic reactive dyes in foam dyeing,varying proportions of ternary mixtures of Remazol Red RGB,Remazol Yellow RGB and Remazol Navy RGB have been used to dye bleached cotton fabric.The results showed that,the optimal dyeing condition in foam dyeing was alkaline agent 15 g/L,stabilizers 0.7g/L,blow ratio 8,and steaming time 1.5 min,respectively.Compared with conventional pad-dyeing,color strength and fixation rate of dyed fabric were higher than those of conventional paddyeing,the dyed fabric had the same washing and rubbing fastness as conventional pad-dyeing and the color shade of dyed fabric was different from that of conventional pad-dyeing.The color triangle,which consisted of 66 dyed fabric samples dyed with trichromatic reactive dyes in different proportions,could provide foundation for computer colorant formulation of the color matching system.     

恒液位推流式BSBR工艺工程设计及研究

序批式活性污泥法是目前比较先进的一种有机污水的处理方法．在这一方法原理的基础上,根据我国污水处理的需要,设计了一种新的变形SBR工艺——恒液位推流式BSBR工艺,并在一家牛奶加工厂污水处理中进行了应用与示范．运行结果表明：该工艺效率高、投资省,具有较强的除磷脱氮功能,因而完全适用于中小企业有机污水和生活污水的处理．结合该示范工程,对该工艺处理污水的生化反应机理进行了探讨．     

Study on the Camouflage-Protective and Dyeing Properties of Natural Dye Indigo

There are two major camouflage protections in modern military tactics:UV-protection and near infrared camouflage.However,not all natural and composite dyestuffs provide the mentioned properties.In this study,the cotton fabric was dyed with natural indigo and the natural indigo dyeing process was optimized.Green leaves were chosen as the simulating object,and the camouflage properties of the dyed cotton fabric were evaluated.It was observed that the dyed cotton fabric had good UV-protection and near-infrared camouflage properties.The UV-protection effect was strongly dependent on the absorption characteristics of natural indigo for UV radiation.The near infrared camouflage effect was mainly dependent on the reflection spectrum characteristics of natural indigo in the near infrared waveband.     

Effect of nluminants on the Colour Appearance of Reactive - dyed Cotton

The colour appearance of dyed textile materials changes with the viewing condition, especially with a change in the light source or Illuminant. The attitude and magnitude of the change vary with the hue of the colour, the light absorbance nature of the dye and the colour depth to which it is dyed. This paper examines the change in colour appearance of reactive - dyed cotton when the light source is changed from CIE Uluminant D65 to CIE illuminant A. Reactive dyes of primary hues were selected and applied at various depths and the dyed colours were assessed with reference to changing the illuminant.     

Optical Measurements to Reveal Roles of Slightly Crosslinked Poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)s in Fixing Anionic Dyes on Cotton Fabric

The roles of slightly crosslinked poly( dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) s( PDMDAACs) in fixing anionic dyes on cotton fabric were verified more precisely by optical analysis technologies,to achieve the new theoretical guides for the widely applications. Firstly,one method of optical CIELAB color difference analysis was designed to exactly measure the values of dyefixing performances, so that the suitable molecular weights and structures of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be precisely confirmed to play a role in the development of their dye-fixing performances. Secondly,the FT-IR absorption shift of the dye on dyed cotton sample fixed by slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs was nearly in agreement with that of forming water-insoluble color lakes,indicating that the expected color lakes could be formed on dyed cotton fabric,and would play a role in further development of the fastness of dyes on cotton fabric. Thirdly,the FT-IR spectra of fixed undyed cotton samples and that of fixed dyed cotton samples both showed the absorptions of slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs,further revealing that the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be penetrated into cotton fabric and be convenient to interact with dyes when fixing. However,those absorptions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs fixed on cotton samples would be absent after being adequately washed to a constant weight,suggesting that the fixing interactions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAAC and cotton fabric were very weak.     

Influence of Low Temperature Dyeing Accelerant on Acrylic Fiber Dyed with Cationic Dyes

The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study.Compared with conventional dyeing,the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoise Blue X-GB at 85℃ in the presence of accelerant and absence of accelerant,respectively.The influence of low temperature dyeing accelerant on the dyeing mechanism of acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dye was analyzed through kinetics and thermodynamics study.The results show that adding dyeing accelerant can heighten the equilibrium dye-uptake,dyeing rate constants,diffusion coefficients,and shorten half-dyeing time for acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dyes.Furthermore,the partition coefficient,the standard affinity,and the dye saturation value also increased in the dyeing at 85 ℃.