基于Unet++网络的数字岩心图像分割泛化能力

图像分割是数字岩心技术的重要组成部分,深度学习为数字岩心图像分割提供了新方法。在优选的深度学习模型的基础上确定网络结构、训练数据量来平衡计算效率,进一步在不同类型的岩心数据集上讨论网络的泛化能力及其影响因素。结果表明：Unet、Segnet和Unet++网络中,Unet++网络可以在保证分割精度的同时具有最好的物性参数预测效果;Unet++网络在训练数据量和预测数据量为1∶1,网络结构设计2次采样的条件下,Unet++网络的分割精度可以达到98%;基于多类岩心训练的Unet++网络分割不同岩心图像的平均分割精度达95%,相较于岩心的类型,岩心图像的质量更能影响Unet++网络的识别效果。     

悬浮颗粒两相流图像处理方法

利用三维颗粒成像测速 (PIV)技术研究颗粒悬浮两相流中颗粒相速度和相分布 ;用图像采集卡将摄像机拍摄的流动图像实时的存储到计算机中 ;用自行开发的颗粒图像处理及分析软件对其进行图像增强、分割、识别和理解等一系列数字化处理后 ,将每一个颗粒的大小和其中心位置由计算机自动判别。研究了实验各个环节对判别结果的影响 ,开发了可用于颗粒两相流 PIV测量的图像处理软件 ,颗粒识别率达到 85 %以上 ,颗粒中心定位精度达 1～ 2个象素     

基于多层感知机改进型Xception人脸表情识别

针对使用深度学习提取人脸表情图像特征时易出现冗余特征,提出了一种基于多层感知机（MLP）的改进型Xception人脸表情识别网络.该模型将Xception网络提取的特征输入至多层感知机中进行加权处理,提取出主要特征,滤除冗余特征,从而使得识别准确率得到提升.首先将图像缩放为48*48,然后对数据集进行增强处理,再将这些经过处理的图片送入本文所提网络模型中.消融实验对比表明：本文模型在CK+数据集、JAFFE数据集和MMI数据集上的正确识别率分别为98.991%、99.02%和80.339%,Xception模型在CK+数据集、JAFFE数据集和MMI数据集上的正确识别率分别为97.4829%、90.476%和74.0678%,Xception+2lay模型在CK+数据集、JAFFE数据集和MMI数据集上的正确识别率分别为98.04%、84.06%和75.593%.通过以上消融实验对比,本文方法的识别正确率明显优于Xception模型与Xception+2lay模型.与其他模型相比较也验证了本文模型的有效性.     

扰动条件下细粉质砂土浆体流场PIV试验研究

为了研究细粉质砂土在扰动状态下的快速固结沉积的机理,本文对黄河三角洲地区的粉细质砂土在扰动状态下的流场变化规律以及物理性质变化规律进行PIV(particle image velocimetry)实验分析。结果表明,扰动引起侧边孔隙水压力增大,导致土层的力场由重力场主导主编变为扰动力场主导;结合PIV流场分析可知扰动区域分为上部的下沉重力流,下方形成上升的扰动流,底部由土压力主导的沉积区;并结合沉积土体取样分析,颗粒分选呈现抛射迁移规律,细颗粒在抛射过程呈现密度差,流体在流动过程中呈现速度差分选;通过试验现象以及力学分析建立浆体流膜分选理论分析模型,与PIV测试试验结果分析较为吻合,能够有效解释扰动条件下粉细质砂浆体流场运动及颗粒分选规律,并为相关工程提供理论基础。     

水平携带床的粒子图像测试技术测试方案

介绍了粒子图像测试技术(PIV)原理,分类,设备组成,以及利用PIV分析气固两相流的研究现状;为了研究生物质颗粒在等离子体快速热解液化设备的水平携带床中的运动,根据PIV分析对光路的要求,设计制造了一套透明的冷态模拟装置,提出了相应的PIV测试方案;并从生物质颗粒粒径大小,拍摄区浓度,拍摄间隔时间,光的折射等几个方面进行分析,最后得出结论：利用该套PIV测试方案研究水平携带床内生物质颗粒的运动有着广阔的前景。     

基于两层迁移卷积神经网络的抽象图像情感识别

为弥合抽象图像底层视觉特征与高层情感语义间的鸿沟,同时缓解抽象图像情感识别所固有的小样本缺陷,将两层迁移学习策略引入传统的卷积神经网络,提出一种基于两层迁移卷积神经网络的抽象图像情感识别模型.该模型利用深度特征的层次性,首先通过大规模通用图像数据集来学习提取普适的底层图像特征;然后利用抽象图像风格分类数据集来学习提取抽象图像的专有高层语义特征;最后采用抽象图像情感识别数据集来微调整个网络.MART数据集上的实验结果表明,与传统的抽象图像情感识别方法相比,所提出的模型能够有效地提高识别精度.     

基于探地雷达的沥青路面内部病害快速识别

为了提高沥青路面内部病害的检测精度及效率,开展了路面探地雷达(GPR)图像的自动识别研究．采用三维探地雷达(3D-GPR)设备高效、无损地探测沥青路面内部结构,以获取海量3D-GPR图像数据;通过多维度GPR图像辨识内部病害(横向裂缝和层间不良)的回波特征,矩形框准确标注纵断面GPR图中病害特征,进而构建内部病害回波特征GPR图像数据集(训练集、验证集和测试集);基于深度学习技术,引入YOLOv4(you only look once version 4)算法模型,首先利用训练集和验证集完成模型网络参数的迭代更新,然后利用测试集进行模型综合检测性能评估．研究结果表明：YOLOv4模型在测试集上测试的综合检测精度大于95%,并且其检测视频的每s帧数也超过30;而层间不良的回波特征相对内部横向裂缝识别更加准确;该模型可以实时、高精度自动识别出沥青路面GPR图像中病害回波特征．     

气粒并流向上流动中准静止颗粒团现象

为研究不同操作条件下气粒并流向上两相流动中颗粒团的特性,采用流动显示的方法对颗粒团的瞬态运动行为进行观察,采用图像灰度梯度法对颗粒团进行识别,根据颗粒团图像的面积计算颗粒团截面尺寸,采用互相关方法计算颗粒团瞬时速度,并根据相关系数的变化判断颗粒团变形和计算颗粒团生存时间。结果表明:在某种操作条件下,竖直窄槽道壁面附近会出现类似“沙丘”形状的大尺度准静止颗粒团;这种颗粒团的形状和尺寸能在较长时间内基本保持不变,其运动速度在零附近波动;准静止颗粒团的生存时间可达1~2 s,而其他类型颗粒团的生存时间不会超过0.25 s。     

改进YOLO5Face的小鼠行为实时分析方法研究

传统的动物行为分析方法大部分是采取离线的形式，不能做到实时分析。为了解决此问题，本文提出了一种改进YOLO5Face的小鼠行为实时分析方法。本方法分为两个步骤：首先是小鼠关键点实时检测，然后是小鼠行为实时识别。针对小鼠关键点实时检测，在深度学习网络YOLO5Face的基础上改进：新增了一个更小的检测头来检测更小尺度的物体；主干网络中加入YOLOv8的C2f模块，让模型获得了更加丰富的梯度流信息，大大缩短了训练时间，提高了关键点检测精度；引入GSConv和Slim-neck,减轻模型的复杂度同时提升精度。结果表明：模型对鼻尖、左耳、右耳、尾基关键点检测的平均PCK指标达到了97.5%,推理速度为79 f/s,精度和实时帧率均高于DeepLabCut模型的性能。针对小鼠行为实时识别：利用上述改进的关键点检测模型获得小鼠关键点坐标，再将体态特征与运动特征相结合构造行为识别数据集，使用机器学习方法SVM进行行为分类。模型对梳洗、直立、静止、行走四种基本行为的平均识别准确率达到了91.93%。将关键点检测代码与行为识别代码拼接，整个代码运行的实时帧率可以达到35 f/s。     

两相流稀相微粒速度场测量技术研究

通过引入粒子计数法，对基于二进制图像分析算法(BICC)的粒子图像速度场仪(PIV)的粒子图像跟踪技术进行了改进。数值模拟了3个典型的两相流稀相微粒流场，即等线速度旋转流场、旋涡流场和两个相向运动的射流汇合流场，并把改进后的微粒跟踪技术用于模拟流场中粒子对的识别研究。结果表明：改进后的方法能很好地识别与跟踪粒子对，计算速度快，准确率高达97％，适用于两相流稀相微粒速度场的测量；随着粒子对数目的增大，相关系数降低；随着粒子半径的减小，相关系数分布渐趋陡峭；最佳粒子对数目为8～12，最佳粒子图像半径为3～8像素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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