益气化瘀化痰法对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织结构及血清MMP-9、TIMP-1的影响

目的 观察益气化瘀化痰法(YHH)对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织结构、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMPO)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响,探讨其防治肺纤维化的可能机制.方法 健康SD大鼠采用博来霉素建立肺纤维化模型,随机分成7组:正常对照组(Z组)、模型组(M组)、氢化可的松组(QK组)、益气组(YQ组)、化瘀组(HY组)、化痰组(HT组)、益气化瘀化痰组(YHH组).HE、Masson染色光镜观察肺组织病理形态变化;电镜观察肺组织超微结构变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清MMP-9、TIMP-1含量.结果 1)与M组比较,各治疗组均能减少肺间质胶原沉积,减轻肺纤维化程度,尤以YHH组较为明显2)与Z组比较,M组血清MMP-9水平有所升高,TIMP-1水平显著升高,MMP-9/TIMP-1比值降低(P＜0.05);与M组比较,各治疗组均能升高血清MMP-9水平,降低TIMP-1水平,升高MMP-9/TIMP-1比值,以YHH组作用更显著(P＜0.05).结论 益气化瘀化痰法可能在一定程度上通过调整MMP-9/TIMP-1的比值,使其趋于平衡,从而延缓肺纤维化的进程.     

Graves病患者IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ水平的变化及临床意义

目的 通过检测GD患者外周血血清中IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ三种细胞因子水平于治疗前后的变化及关系,探讨其与甲状腺功能变化的相关性及临床意义.方法 取GD患者共32例.缓解期患者组共33例为确诊的GD患者,接受系统抗甲状腺药物治疗,临床症状缓解,甲状腺功能恢复正常者定为缓解组.以上两组患者均无其它自身免疫性疾病和感染性疾病.另取正常健康人40倒.均无甲状腺疾病史及甲状腺疾病家族史定为正常对照组.取所有受试者静脉血测定FT3、FT4、TSH、TMAb、TGAb、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ值.结果 IL-6:GD组较缓解组显著增高(P<0.01),缓解组与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)IL-10:GD组与缓解组较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),GD组与缓解组无明显差异(P>0.05)IFN-γ:GD组与缓解组较对照组显著增高(P<0.01),GD组与缓解组无明显差异.结论 IFN-γ可诱导甲状腺细胞Ⅱ型抗原的表达,进而增强这些细胞的免疫原性.IFN-γ单独或与TNF-α联合作用可促进甲状腺细胞表达胞间粘附分子Ⅱ(ICAM-Ⅱ)及HLA-Ⅱ类抗原.并且TNF-α可增强IFN-γ对TEC的MHC-Ⅱ分子抗原的高效表达,而表达的异常则可使自身免疫反应得以发生及进行性发展.随治疗过程的进展,IFN-γ仍处于较高水平.高于正常对照组,反映了免疫治疗过程的滞后性.     

E-cadherin和MMP-2在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中E-钙粘素(E-cadherin)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的表达及意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学技术检测92例大肠癌及20例正常大肠组织中E-cadherin和MMP-2的表达,同时结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析.结果 E-cadherin在正常大肠组织中的阳性表达率为85％ (17/20),高于大肠癌组织中52.2％ (48/92)的表达率,两者具有显著差异性(p＜0.01).MMP-2在大肠癌组织中的表达率为71.7％ (70/92),显著高于正常肠组织中35％ (7/20)的表达率(p＜0.01).E-cadherin 和MMP-2的表达都与大肠癌患者性别、年龄无明显相关,但与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关(P＜0.05);两者的表达具有负相关(r=-0.316,P ＜0.05).结论 E-cadherin和MMP-2与大肠癌的发生发展密切相关.E-cadhein的正常表达将显著降低大肠癌的浸润和转移能力.而MMP-2蛋白阳性表达则促进大肠癌浸润和转移.E-cadherin和MMP-2的检测可以成为临床判断大肠癌的生物学行为的重要参考指标.     

Central IL-1 differentially regulates peripheral IL-6 and TNF synthesis

Centrally given interleukin (IL)-1 is known to induce a rapid rises in blood IL-6. To extend this and to examine the mechanism by which this occurs, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of human recombinant IL-1β on mRNA expression of IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the spleen and liver were examined in rats. Icv injection of IL-1 produced a rapid rise of the tissue mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF in both organs, prior to and/or in parallel with an increase in their serum levels. Pretreatment with chlorisondamine, a ganglionic blocking agent, inhibited the IL-6 responses, while it had little influence on the TNF responses. The results suggest that brain IL-1 induces peripheral production of IL-6, but not of TNF, through autonomic nervous system activation. Received 27 October 1997; received after revision 15 December 1997; accepted 12 January 1998     

冠心病患者血清γ干扰素诱导蛋白10的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨γ干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)在冠心痛患者血清中的表达状况及临床意义.方法 22名健康对照者及68名冠心病患者纳入研究.根据临床资料将患者分为稳定性心绞痛组(SAP,n =43)与不稳定心绞痛组(UAP,n=25);根据冠脉造影结果将患者分为轻度狭窄组(n=11)、中度狭窄组(n=38)与重度狭窄组(n=19).ELISA法检测所有被研究者的血清γ干扰素诱导蛋白10水平,并计算与冠脉狭窄的相关度.结果 冠心病患者血清IP-10水平明显高于健康对照者(P ＜0.05);UAP组血清IP-10水平显著高于SAP组(P＜0.01);血清IP-10水平随冠脉狭窄程度的加重而升高,呈显著正相关(r=0.692);亚组分析,血清IP-10水平与轻、中、重三组的相关值分别为0.539,0.684,0.756.结论 γ干扰素诱导蛋白10在冠心病患者中显著升高,尤其是在不稳定心绞痛患者中;IP-10可以作为冠脉狭窄的重要预测指标.     

难治性癫痫患者脑组织中SCG10的表达及其意义

目的了解难治性癫痫患者脑组织中SCG10和MAPK的表达,探讨其在难治性癫痫发生、发展中的作用。方法按随机化原则,在我们建立的难治性癫痫患者术后脑组织库中抽取36例患者的脑组织,用免疫组织化学分别检测SCG10和MAPK的表迭,与16例对照组进行比较。并采用免疫荧光双标的方法,检测SCG10和MAPK在病例组中的表达情况。结果免疫组化检测到SCG10在实验组表达（0．4674±0．0258）,高于对照（0．3405±0．0207）,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;MAPK在实验组表达（0．4217±0．0141）,同样也高于对照组（0．3189±0．1422,P〈0．05）。免疫荧光双标法,显示SCG10和MAPK表达在同一细胞上。讨论SCG10与MAPK在难治性癫痫患者的脑组织中表达增加,以及它们的共同表达,提示两者的相互作用可能是难治性癫痫发生发展中的一个重要因素。     

The involvement of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in imipramine-induced seizures in mice

The influence of some noradrenergic, 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and cholinergic agents on imipramine-induced seizures were investigated in mice. DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) and pargyline significantly potentiated imipramine-induced seizures. Phentolamine and prazosin significantly attenuated seizures elicited by imipramine and significantly attenuated the seizure-enhancing effect of DOPS. -Methyl-p-tyrosine and reserpine significantly attenuated seizures induced by imipramine. Disulfiram significantly protected mice against imipramine-induced seizures. However, DOPS significantly potentiated seizures induced by imipramine in disulfiram-pretreated animals. Clonidine effectively protected mice against imipramine-induced seizures. Idazoxan, on the other hand, significantly protentiatied seizures induced by imipramine and significantly antagonised the protective effect of clonidine against the seizures. 5-HTP, PCPA, cyproheptadine, mianserin, ketanserin and trazodone did not affect imipramine-induced seizures to any significant extent. Physostigmine antagonised seizures induced by imipramine while atropine significantly potentiated the seizures, and significantly attenuated the protective effect of physostigmine against the seizures. These data suggest that enhancement and attenuation of central noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmissions respectively, and not 5-HT mechanisms, may underlie imipramine-induced seizures in mice.     

N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate lyases (MurNAc etherases): role in cell wall metabolism, distribution, structure, and mechanism

MurNAc etherases cleave the uniqued-lactyl ether bond of the bacterial cell wall sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). Members of this newly discovered family of enzymes are widely distributed among bacteria and are required to utilize peptidoglycan fragments obtained either from the environment or from the endogenous cell wall (i.e., recycling). MurNAc etherases are strictly dependent on the substrate MurNAc possessing a free reducing end and a phosphoryl group at C6. They carry a single conserved sugar phosphate isomerase/sugar phosphate- binding (SIS) domain to which MurNAc 6-phosphate is bound. Two subunits form an enzymatically active homodimer that structurally resembles the isomerase module of the double-SIS domain protein GlmS, the glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase. Structural comparison provides insights into the two-step lyase-type reaction mechanism of MurNAc etherases: β-elimination of the D-lactic acid substituent proceeds through a 2,3-unsaturated sugar intermediate to which water is subsequently added. Received 31 August 2007; received after revision 12 October 2007; accepted 1 November 2007     

CSTX-9, a toxic peptide from the spider Cupiennius salei: amino acid sequence, disulphide bridge pattern and comparison with other spider toxins containing the cystine knot structure

CSTX-9 (68 residues, 7530.9 Da) is one of the most abundant toxic polypeptides in the venom of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei. The amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation using reduced and alkylated CSTX-9 and peptides generated by cleavages with endoproteinase Asp-N and trypsin, respectively. Sequence comparison with CSTX-1, the most abundant and the most toxic polypeptide in the crude spider venom, revealed a high degree of similarity (53% identity). By means of limited proteolysis with immobilised trypsin and RP-HPLC, the cystine-containing peptides of CSTX-9 were isolated and the disulphide bridges were assigned by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The four disulphide bonds present in CSTX-9 are arranged in the following pattern: 1-4, 2-5, 3-8 and 6-7 (Cys₆-Cys₂₁, Cys₁₃-Cys₃₀, Cys₂₀-Cys₄₈, Cys₃₂-Cys₄₆). Sequence comparison of CSTX-1 with CSTX-9 clearly indicates the same disulphide bridge pattern, which is also found in other spider polypeptide toxins, e.g. agatoxins (ω-AGA-IVA, ω-AGA-IVB, μ-AGA-I and μ-AGA-VI) from Agelenopsis aperta, SNX-325 from Segestria florentina and curtatoxins (CT-I, CT-II and CT-III) from Hololena curta. CSTX-1/CSTX-9 belong to the family of ion channel toxins containing the inhibitor cystine knot structural motif. CSTX-9, lacking the lysine-rich C-terminal tail of CSTX-1, exhibits a ninefold lower toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster than CSTX-1. This is in accordance with previous observations of CSTX-2a and CSTX-2b, two truncated forms of CSTX-1 which, like CSTX-9, also lack the C-terminal lysine-rich tail. Received 23 July 2001; accepted 31 July 2001     

Production of active and passive anaphylactic shock in the WBB6F1 mouse,a mast cell-deficient strain

Summary The role of mast cells in active and passive anaphylactic shock was examined using the WBB6F₁ mouse, a genetically mast cell-deficient strain. Lethal anaphylactic shock occurred at high incidence rates in mice actively sensitized to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The reaction was specific to BSA since the shock could not be elicited by human or guinea pig serum albumin in these animals. Lethal shock could be prevented by CV-3988 but not by cyproheptadine, which suggests that the shock is mediated by PAF but not by histamine and serotonin. Similarly, lethal shock was provoked by homologous antigens in mice which had been passively sensitized with allogeneic anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) IgG₁ monoclonal antibody or with allogeneic or xenogeneic anti-BSA antiserum, but not in those sensitized with allogeneic anti-BPO IgE monoclonal antibody. These findings suggest that mast cells are not necessarily required for anaphylactic shock in the mouse.