Basal forebrain heating and ADH release in dogs

Résumé On a examiné des effets d'un élèvement local de la température du prosencéphale basal sur le taux de l'ADH plasmatique et les réponses thermorégulatrices chez les chiens chroniquement munis de thermodes. On a constaté en avant de la commissure antérieure une élévation de la concentration de l'ADH dans le plasma sanguin et dans la plupart des cas une polypnée. On peut supposer que les neurones thermosensitifs de la même région jouent un rôle dans l'activation du système antidiurétique hypothalamo-hypophysaire.

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The author thanks Mrs.W. Radziszewska for making histological preparations and Mr.W. Pringle from Parke and Davis for supplying the ampoules of Pitressin used in this study.     

The threshold osmotic reactivity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal antidiuretic system and of the thirst mechanism

Résumé On a examiné la réactivité osmotique du système antidiurétique hypothalamo-hypophysaire et du mécanisme de la soif chez des chiens non narcotisés. Chez tous les animaux examinés, le système antidiurétique s'est montré plus sensible aux stimulus osmotiques que le mécanisme de la soif. On peut supposer que c'est le système antidiurétique qui est activé en premier lieu lors d'un déficit d'eau.     

Injury-induced neurogenesis in the mammalian forebrain

It has been accepted that new neurons are added to the olfactory bulb and the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout life in the healthy adult mammalian brain. Recent studies have clarified that brain insult raises the proliferation of neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells existing in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone, which become sources of new neurons for the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus, respectively. Interestingly, convincing data has shown that brain insult invokes neurogenesis in various brain regions, such as the hippocampal cornu ammonis region, striatum, and cortex. These reports suggest that neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells, which can be activated by brain injury, might be broadly located in the adult brain or that new neurons may migrate widely from the neurogenic regions. This review focuses on brain insult-induced neurogenesis in the mammalian forebrain, especially in the neocortex.     

The chemoarchitectonics in the forebrain of reptiles

Zusammenfassung Ausgehend vom Vorderhirn der Reptilien als schematischer Typus für Säugerverhältnisse, wurden histochemische Untersuchungen von Monoaminoxydase und Succinodehydrogenase im Vorderhirn der Schildkröten ausgeführt. Die Monoaminoxydasereaktion ist in den visceralen Abteilungen, dem limbischen System, Area preoptica und Hypothalamus stark, während die Succinodehydrogenasereaktion im Neostriatum, Paleostriatum und Nucleus rotundus des Thalamus dorsalis stärker zu sein scheint. Die Befunde lassen die Verteilungen der Enzymaktivität im kompliziert gebauten Vorderhirn der Säuger befriedigend erklären.     

Effect of clonidine on the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in the limbic forebrain and on medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation behavior

Summary The present results show that clonidine does not mimic the agonist action of norepinephrine (NE) on the noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system of the limbic forebrain, but antagonizes the stimulatory effect of NE while not influencing the action of isoprenaline. In self-stimulation behavior, clonidine decreases responding and blocks the facilitation caused by d-amphetamine.Supported by USPHS grant MH-11468 and the Tennessee Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. We are grateful to Boehringer, Ingelheim, for the generous supply of clonidine HCl.     

Prolactin-sensitive neurons in the forebrain of some fishes

Zusammenfassung Intramuskuläre Injektionen von Schafprolaktin in immobilisierteLepomis gibosus undAstronotus ocellatus verändern die elektrische Aktivität von Vorderhirnneuronen; niedrige Dosen steigern, hohe hemmen sie.Tilapia leucosticta und Carassius auratus gibelio reagieren nur mit geringer kontinuierlicher Aktivierung.

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Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Attack elicited by forebrain and hypothalamic stimulation in the chicken

Zusammenfassung Elektrische Reizung begrenzter Stellen des medialen Archistriatums (Amygdala), Tractus occipito-mesencephalicus, Area septalis und des Hypothalamus vom Haushuhn, löst gezielten Angriff auf einen Artgenossen aus.     

Responses to osmotic concentration changes in the lobster antenna

Zusammenfassung Es wurden an den grossen Antennen des marinen Hummers,Panulirus japonicus, die afferenten Antworten auf Änderungen in der osmotischen Konzentration von verschiedenen elektrolytischen und nichtelektrolytischen Lösungen untersucht. Die Borstenorgane der Antennen scheinen Änderungen des osmotischen Druckes der Badeflüssigkeit wahrzunehmen.     

Immunological reactivity during pregnancy in the mouse

Riassunto Le reazioni allergiche da contatto indotte dal cloridrato di picrile e le risposte anticorpali agli eritrociti di montone sono state quantitativamente valutate in topi femmine nel corso della gravidanza. Mentre le reazioni allergiche sono diminuite nelle femmine gravide rispetto alle vergini, le risposte anticorpali risultano significativamente aumentate. Tali dati fanno supporre l'esistenza nel corso della gravidanza di un controllo ormonale delle risposte immunitarie che potrebbe influenzare positivamente le reazioni meterno-fetali.     

Basal autophagy is involved in the degradation of the ERAD component EDEM1

Little is known about the fate of machinery proteins of the protein quality control and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). We investigated the degradation of the ERAD component EDEM1, which directs overexpressed misfolded glycoproteins to degradation. Endogenous EDEM1 was studied since EDEM1 overexpression not only resulted in inappropriate occurrence throughout the ER but also caused cytotoxic effects. Proteasome inhibitors had no effect on the clearance of endogenous EDEM1 in non-starved cells. However, EDEM1 could be detected by immunocytochemistry in autophagosomes and biochemically in LC3 immuno-purified autophagosomes. Furthermore, influencing the lysosome-autophagy pathway by vinblastine or pepstatin A/E64d and inhibiting autophagosome formation by 3-methyladenine or ATGs short interfering RNA knockdown stabilized EDEM1. Autophagic degradation involved removal of cytosolic Triton X-100-insoluble deglycosylated EDEM1, but not of EDEM1-containing ER cisternae. Our studies demonstrate that endogenous EDEM1 in cells not stressed by the expression of a transgenic misfolded protein reaches the cytosol and is degraded by basal autophagy. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Received 15 January 2009; received after revision 16 February 2009; accepted 17 February 2009 V. Le Fourn, K. Gaplovska-Kysela: These authors equally contributed to this work.