致病性鸡大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离与效价测定

鉴于临床分离的致病性大肠杆菌的耐药谱很广,常规抗生素的治疗效果较差,死疫苗往往存在毒力返祖的问题.实验从污水中分离得到了5株噬菌体,采用自行分离和鉴定的大肠杆菌为宿主菌,经纯化增殖提高效价后进行裂解试验,取得了比较满意的效果.     

大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

利用野生型大肠杆菌MG1655为宿主菌,从下水道污水中分离得到一株噬菌体,编号为Phage 1.其噬菌斑大小为3～4mm,透射电镜观察发现该噬菌体有正多面体头部和弯曲尾部,属于长尾科噬菌体.对该噬菌体的生物学特性包括最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、温度、氯仿、pH进行检测,结果显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为10min,繁殖周期为20min,对温度、氯仿以及pH耐受性良好.经基因组测序鉴定,该噬菌体为E.coli T1噬菌体.     

大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离、纯化及其特性研究

探讨了从生活污水中分离、纯化大肠杆菌噬菌体的方法.经富集,从厦门大学、厦门港的生活污水中获得3种噬菌体.一是:蝌蚪状不可收缩尾的噬菌体,其头部为二十面体,直径约110～120 nm,尾部长220～230 nm,尾宽13～15 nm,无尾鞘、基板、尾丁、尾丝等结构.二是蝌蚪状可收缩尾的噬菌体,其头部为三十面体,约70 nm×110 nm,尾部长约120～130 nm,尾宽约18～22 nm,有尾鞘、基板、尾丁、尾丝等结构,该类噬菌体在污水中占绝大多数.三是短尾噬菌体,其头部为二十面体,大小为20 nm,尾部长约2～3 nm,在污水中占有一定的比例.2种噬菌体在-18℃冰箱可存活56天.经噬菌体处理的污水,总菌数下降了30%左右,大肠杆菌总数下降90%以上.     

类志贺邻单胞菌噬菌体ФP4-7裂解酶Gp2的表达及活性测定

多重耐药菌株的出现给临床治疗带来了困难,噬菌体编码的裂解酶能够杀死病原菌,是潜在的重要杀菌因子.本实验采用PCR技术,扩增类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)噬菌体ФP4-7裂解酶gp2基因并克隆至质粒p QE30上进行表达,重组蛋白采用Ni-NTA亲和层析法进行纯化.重组裂解酶Gp2最适反应p H为9;裂解酶40,℃保温15,min,酶活剩余56.4%,.底物专一性实验结果显示,该裂解酶能够高效裂解5种革兰氏阴性菌,即铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)、摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganii)、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii),以及3种革兰氏阳性菌,即金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis).杀菌实验结果表明,裂解酶Gp2可与EDTA、LAB-35以及SDS配合使用,进一步提高该酶对铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽胞杆菌的杀菌活性.裂解酶Gp2具有高效广谱裂菌活性,具有潜在的应用价值.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌O_(12)特异性噬菌体的分离及生物学特性研究

采用双层平板培养法从成都某养鸡场的污水样本中分离得到一株鸡白痢沙门氏菌O12(宿主菌)的噬菌体(Ph-1),并对菌斑形态及理化特性进行了初步研究.试验结果显示,纯化后该噬菌体的噬菌斑直径约3mm;经高于60℃温度处理1h后噬菌体失活;PH5-7时该噬菌体可保持较高效价和较强的紫外线耐受性;该噬菌体的最佳感染复数(MOI)为0.01-0.001;一步生长曲线显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为40min,裂解期持续60min.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌O12特异性噬菌体的分离及生物学特性研究

采用双层平板培养法从成都某养鸡场的污水样本中分离得到一株鸡白痢沙门氏菌O12 (宿主菌)的噬菌体(Ph-1), 并对菌斑形态及理化特性进行了初步研究. 试验结果显示, 纯化后该噬菌体的噬菌斑直径约3mm; 经高于60℃温度处理1h 后噬菌体失活; PH5-7时该噬菌体可保持较高效价和较强的紫外线耐受性; 该噬菌体的最佳感染复数(MOI)为 0.01-0.001; 一步生长曲线显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为40min, 裂解期持续60min.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌O12特异性噬菌体的分离及生物学特性研究

采用双层平板培养法从成都某养鸡场的污水样本中分离得到一株鸡白痢沙门氏菌O₁₂(宿主菌)的噬菌体(Ph-1), 并对菌斑形态及理化特性进行了初步研究. 试验结果显示, 纯化后该噬菌体的噬菌斑直径约3mm; 经高于60℃温度处理1h 后噬菌体失活; PH5-7时该噬菌体可保持较高效价和较强的紫外线耐受性; 该噬菌体的最佳感染复数(MOI)为 0.01-0.001; 一步生长曲线显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为40min, 裂解期持续60min.     

一株新铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体SRT6的分离以及全基因组序列分析

分离一株新铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体,进行生物学特征分析,全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析.了解该噬菌体与其他假单胞菌噬菌体之间的亲缘关系以及它的潜在应用价值.利用双层平板法分离纯化噬菌体,利用酚氯仿抽提基因组,利用Illumina Hiseq测序平台对基因组测序,利用生物信息学进行基因组和比较基因组学分析.分离到一株新的烈性铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体SRT6,其基因组全长91 364bp,G+C含量49.3%,存在182个蛋白质编码基因,其中的96个与已知功能的蛋白质具有相似性,无tRNA和tmRNA.比较基因组分析发现,噬菌体SRT6属于一个新物种.分离鉴定出一株烈性铜绿假单胞菌噬菌体SRT6,并发现它属于一个新种噬菌体,为未来利用噬菌体治疗耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染打下坚实的基础.     

利用噬菌体有效分离稀有放线菌的初步研究

 利用噬菌体S7和S3专一性感染裂解链霉菌的特性,选用几丁质、土壤浸汁和改良海藻糖-天门冬酰胺3种分离培养基,结合使用预培养、预处理及添加不同抑制剂等多种手段,对采自云南、缅甸的3份土样进行处理.实验检测了在不同培养基上噬菌体对链霉菌的抑制效果,结果表明在几丁质培养基上,噬菌体对链霉菌的抑制效果明显,提高了稀有放线菌的出菌率,增加了物种多样性.利用噬菌体是一种有效分离稀有放线菌的方法.     

洱海下游肠道致病菌噬菌体分离与鉴定

目的:分离洱海下游水体中的肠道致病菌噬菌体,了解肠道致病菌污染情况。方法:通过噬菌斑法从洱海下游水体中分离和鉴定各种肠道致病菌噬菌体。结果:成功分离出了痢疾杆菌噬菌体、伤寒杆菌噬菌体、乙型副伤寒杆菌噬菌体、大肠杆菌噬菌体4种肠道致病菌噬菌体。结论:洱海下游水体存在痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌污染,提示需进一步加强大理周边生活污水排放的治理工作。     

多重耐药UPEC细菌毒力基因分布特征及进化分型分析

本研究对临床尿路感染病例病原菌耐药情况、毒力基因分布及其进化分型特征,以期为耐药性尿路感染病原防控提供参考。通过对收集的尿样进行细菌分离培养,结合革兰氏染色镜检、16S rDNA对细菌进行鉴定,利用K-B纸片扩散法对细菌进行药敏试验,并通过PCR扩增进行毒力基因及系统发育和进化分型分析。本研究成功检测出20株尿路致病性大肠杆菌（Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, UPEC）,药敏试验显示多数菌株具有多重耐药特征,该批UPEC对青霉素、红霉素、万古霉素耐药率达100%;对羧苄西林、氨苄西林、阿奇霉素耐药率达90%以上;对四环素、诺氟沙星、链霉素、耐药率达80%以上;对环丙沙星、 庆大霉素、卡那霉素、氟氧沙星、头孢曲松耐药率达70%以上;对头孢噻肟、呋喃妥因、氯霉素耐药率在35%以上;对阿莫西林与多粘菌素B耐药率低,分别仅为10%与5%。六个毒力基因（iutA、fimH、hly、fyuA、tsh、traT）检出率分别为85%、95%、85%、75%、25%、10%。其系统发育分型中,归属B2群的细菌最多,占比40%（n=8）;D群次之,占比35%(n=7);其次为A群,占比25%（n=5）;未检测到B1群菌株。通过MLST分型分析,20株大肠杆菌涉及10个ST型,其中ST131、ST648、ST744、ST1193型别较多。CRISPR序列扩增结果显示其中6株细菌含有CRISPR序列,提示不同菌株的进化差异。本研究通过对临床多重耐药UPEC进行毒力和分型特征分析,为临床有效防控耐药菌导致的尿路感染提供重要依据。     

A novel gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">R049</Emphasis> identified in uropathogenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> provides partial protection in mice from colonization

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common causative organism of human urinary tract infection (UTI). Several UPEC virulence factors have been identified, but more are yet to be found. We previously identified a novel 789-bp-long DNA fragment (named R049) in UPEC strain 132 using a suppressive subtractive hybridization technique. In the present study, we used genome walking to elongate the sequence of this fragment to obtain the whole gene sequence and examined the role of this gene product in generating protective immunity. Through bioinformatic analysis, we predicted that this gene is a 1311-bp open reading frame (ORF), which we designated ORF_R049 (GenBank accession No.: EF488001). We further constructed a prokaryotic expression system to express full recombinant R049 protein and isolated and purified the protein through IPTG induction and nickel affinity chromatography. Using mouse immunosera generated by the purified protein, we confirmed the natural expression and outer membrane localization of the protein in wild-type strain UPEC132 by Western blotting. To test the potential of this protein as a vaccine candidate, we immunized mice with the recombinant protein before challenging them with UPEC132 through the urinary tract. The results showed significantly reduced bacterial colonization in the urine and kidneys of the immunization group compared with the control group. However, the degree of renal pathological damage was not significantly improved in the immunized mice. Our study has identified a novel gene of UPEC which can generate protective immunity against UTI. This novel gene provides a promising new vaccine candidate.     

Comparison of infection of different cell lines by uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Studying the interaction between uropathogenic Escherichia coil （UPEC） and uroepithelial cells is important in elucidating the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. In this study, the African green monkey kidney cells （Vero）, human kidney carcinoma cells （Ketr-3） and bladder carcinoma cells （EJ） were infected by UPEC132, a clinical strain isolated from Tianjin, China, and were compared for their capacities to allow the adherence and invasion by this strain. The results revealed that all these cell lines could be attached and invaded by UPEC132. The adherence rates for Vero, Ketr-3 and EJ cells were （49,20 ±7.55）%, （55.22 ±4.09）% and （73.20 ±5.26）%, respectively, and invasion frequencies were （2.61 ±0.32）×10^-3, （3.00 ±0.34）×10^-3 and （3.25 ± 0.20）×10^-3, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the adherence rate for EJ cells was significantly higher than those for the other two cell lines （P〈0.05）, and the invasion frequencies for EJ and Ketr-3 cells had no statistical differences （P〉0.05） but were higher than that for Vero cells （P〈0.05）. Three cell lines were detected for the receptors for P pill of UPEC by using indirect immunofluorescence. The results showed that receptors existed on the surfaces of all cell lines, and the highest distribution was found on the surface of EJ cells. Additionally, the invasion of EJ cells by recombinant UPEC132/pSELECT-GFP could be directly visualized using confocal microscopy. These data strongly implicated that EJ cells could be more easily infected by UPEC132 than the other cells, and thus could serve as a good experimental target for further investigation of UPEC infection.     

耐碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

以临床尿路感染患者尿液为研究对象,通过分离培养及16s rDNA进行肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定;采用Kirby-Bauer纸片法进行药敏实验,并对分离株进行碳青霉烯酶表型筛选;通过PCR检测常见的碳青霉烯酶耐药基因、荚膜血清型和毒力基因分布情况;对分离的肺炎克雷伯菌株进行了生物被膜形成能力及其对小鼠致病力的分析。本研究从采取的86例尿液标本中分离检出11株耐碳青霉烯酶肺炎克雷伯菌,分离率为12.79%。耐碳青霉烯酶基因PCR检测结果显示,blaNDM、blaVIM、blaIMP和blaKPC基因在分离株中均呈现不同程度的分布。耐药性分析发现11株肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林耐药率为90.91%,对头孢噻肟耐药率为63.64%,对链霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素和诺氟沙星的耐药率较低。耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌荚膜分型结果显示,分离的11株细菌中10株均为强毒力型菌株（90.9%）,其中K57血清型4株（36.4%）,K1血清型1株（9.1%）,K2血清型1株（9.1%）,K5血清型1株（9.1%）,K20血清型3株（27.3%）,提示该批分离株具有较强的致病力。此外,毒力因子分布结果显示,其毒力因子rmpA（54.5%）、Aerobactin F（54.5%）在菌株中分布较为广泛。生物被膜形成能力检测及小鼠致病性试验结果显示,9株分离株均有较强的生物被膜形成能力,菌株致病力可能与荚膜血清型及生物被膜形成能力相关。综上所述,临床分离的致尿路感染病原肺炎克雷伯菌呈现多重耐药特征,强毒力菌株以K57荚膜型为主,K1、K2均有分布,提示对尿路感染病原应加强耐药监测,合理使用抗菌药物,有效防控多重耐药和强毒力菌株的感染与流行。     

脑出血患者肺部感染病原菌分布及易感因素分析

目的分析脑出血患者引起肺部感染的易感因素及病原菌分布。方法回顾性分析186例脑出血患者合并肺部感染的临床资料,进行肺部感染易感因素及细菌学分析。结果肺部感染的易感因素为慢性疾病糖尿病史、护理不当引起食管反流、使用≥3种抗菌药物、昏迷时间7 d、年龄60岁,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。共检出病原菌186株,以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占75.4%.前5位的病原菌依次是肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌,分别占22.5%,18.1%,13.4%,6.4%,5.7%,病原菌呈现较高多重耐药性。结论针对引发肺部感染的病原菌分布及易感因素进行预防和治疗,给予患者更好的护理,可降低医院肺部感染的发生和死亡率。     

尿路感染病原菌及耐药性分析

目的：探讨尿路感染的病原菌构成及耐药性,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法：收集我院2006年1月至2007年12月尿路感染患者清洁中段尿培养阳性588株细菌进行鉴定,并用K—B纸片法作药敏分析。结果：尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主（63．8％）,前4位分别是大肠埃希菌（45．7％）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（11.6％）、假丝酵母菌（11．1％）、肠球菌（7．8％）。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌超广谱β-内酰胺胺酶（ESBLS）检出率分别为29％和32.1％,甲氧西林耐药凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）检出率为41．2％。结论：革兰阴性杆菌是尿路感染的主要病原菌,对常规抗菌药物的耐药性呈上升趋势,细菌分离培养鉴定及药敏试验对指导临床合理使用抗菌药物具有重要意义。     

产丁醇大肠杆菌工程菌的构建

【目的】为了在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中导入改良的丁醇合成途径,使非生产菌株大肠杆菌具备产丁醇的能力。【方法】克隆大肠杆菌乙酰转移酶基因atoB和丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)丁醇合成途径关键酶基因(crt、hbd、adhE),构建多顺反子表达质粒pSE380-atoB-adhE-crt-hbd;克隆齿垢密螺旋体(Treponema denticola)反式烯酰辅酶A还原酶基因ter,构建表达质粒pSTV29-ter,并将双质粒导入到大肠杆菌。【结果】构建的工程菌能半厌氧发酵产微量丁醇,产量为0.08g/L。【结论】大肠杆菌中的丁醇合成途径导入成功,构建了产丁醇的大肠杆菌工程菌。     

结核分枝杆菌的抗逆性与致病性研究进展

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)复合群感染导致的人畜共患传染病,在新型冠状病毒感染暴发前是全球死亡人数最多的单一传染病。结核病致死率高,主要原因是其致病菌结核分枝杆菌具有极强的毒力且可以抵御多种外界环境胁迫因子。本文主要介绍结核分枝杆菌对理化胁迫的耐受性,以及结核分枝杆菌的耐药性、致病性与免疫性,为深入研究结核病的发病机制和研发新型的抗结核药物提供理论指导。     

Comparison of infection of different cell lines by uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Studying the interaction between uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and uroepithelial cells is important in elucidating the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. In this study, the African green monkey kidney cells (Vero), human kidney carcinoma cells (Ketr-3) and bladder carcinoma cells (EJ) were infected by UPEC132, a clinical strain isolated from Tianjin, China, and were compared for their capacities to allow the adherence and invasion by this strain. The results revealed that all these cell lines ...     

The Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection on a gold nanoparticle-enhanced piezoelectric biosensor

This paper presents development of a quartz crystal microbalance （QCM） biosensor for real-time detection of E. coil O157：H7 DNA based on nanogold particles amplification. Many inner Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto the thioled surface of the Au electrode, then more specific thiolated sin- gle-stranded DNA （ssDNA） probes could be fixed through Au-SH bonding. The hybridization was induced by exposing the ssDNA probe to the complementary target DNA of E. coli O157：H7 gene eaeA, then resulted in a mass change and corresponding frequency shifts （ △f ） of the QCM. The outer avidin-coated Au nanoparticles could combine with the target DNA to increase the mass. The electrochemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry （CV） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were adopted to manifest and character each step. The target DNA corresponding to 2.0×10^3 colony forming unit （CFU）/mL E. coil O157：H7 cells can be detected by this biosensor, so it is practical to develop a sensitive and effective QCM biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection based on specific DNA analysis. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications, such as food safety and environment monitoring, and this approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for in-field bacteria detection.