Electroantennogram responses of an invasive species fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) to host volatile compounds

Electroantennogram responses of fall webworms(Hyphantria cunea) to 55 host volatile compounds were conducted.Results showed that male moths were more responsive to trans-2-hexenyl acetate,nonanal,hexanal,trans-2-hexenal,hexanol,isoamyl acetate,acetic acid cis-3-hexenyl ester,ethyl acetoacetate,citronellal and(+)-citronellal,and females were more responsive to hexanol,hexanal,acetophenone,isoamyl acetate,nonanal,trans-2-hexenal,acetic acid cis-3-hexenyl ester,citronellal,cis-3-hexen1-ol and trans-2-hexen-1-ol.Seven bioactive compounds were also selected for further dosage response experiments,and a positive correlation was found between the fall webworm and the tested compounds.A maximum dosage level of 1000 g was tested and found to elicit significantly higher activity from male moths compared with lower(1,10,100 g) concentrations.     

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanoplus sanguinipes</Emphasis>, to plant odours and volatile compounds

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ryegrass.However, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.     

Identification of sex pheromones of four economically important species in genusDendrolimus

The female-produced sex pheromone of Dendrolimus superans was identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electroantennographic (EAG) studies and field tests as a blend of (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12:Ald) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). In D. kikuchii, (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc) and Z5,E7-12:OH were found by GC and GC-MS analyses. However, in EAG studies male antennae were more sensitive to Z5,E7-12:OAc and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr) than Z5,E7-12:OH. For D. spectabilis, Z5,E7-12:OH had been previously reported as the sex pheromone. However, in our studies, traps baited with Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr in a ratio of 1:1:1 caught three times more males than those baited with Z5,E7-12:OH alone. Relatively strong EAG responses were elicited from male antennae by Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr, but in addition to Z5,E7-12:OH, only very small amounts of Z5,E7- 12:OAc was found in the pheromone gland. These facts suggest that Z5,E7-12:OAc is a pheromone minor components and Z5,E7-12:OPr is a sex attractant in D. spectabilis. For D. tabulaeformis, Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12: OPr were found in extracts of pheromone glands of female moths, and the three compounds elicited strong EAG responses from antennae of male moths. These three compounds have been reported as a sex attractant of D. tabulaeformis, and our data confirm their roles as components of the sex pheromone of this species. The role of blend components in antagonizing cross attraction between congeners is discussed.     

3—己烯—1—醇及其酯类的合成和香气研究

介绍了叶醇(cis-3-己烯-1-醇)及其异构体的实用合成路线。由顺反混合(或全反式)3-己烯-1-醇制备了一系列羧酸酯,研究了这些化合物的结构与香气的关系,从中发现一些有实用价值的新香料。     

新鲜叶下珠挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用无水乙醚超声萃取得到新鲜叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria L.浸膏提取物，顶空固相微萃取富集挥发性成分，气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析，归一化法测得各组分的相对含量；鉴定了挥发性化合物中的75个成分，约占相对总含量的96．5％；挥发性成分中含氧化合物的含量超过96．0％，其中主要的化合物及其相对含量为2-己-烯醛（19．75％）、3-己烯-1-醇（13．89％）、苯乙醇（9．76％）、2-己烯-1-醇（8．03％）、正己醇（7．94％）、2-己烯酸（5．11％）、己酸（3．51％）、3-己烯酸（3．32％）、水杨酸甲酯（3．29％）等。     

生物法合成叶醇的研究进展

叶醇是食品和化妆品市场上最重要的香料之一,主要通过化学法合成.介绍了目前国内外生物法合成叶醇的研究状况,并试图为下一步的研究方向提出建议.     

西部松小蠹集合信息素（±）—exo—Brevicomin的合成

以叶醇为起始原料，经关键中间体6-壬烯-2-酮，合成了西部松小蠹集合信息素（±）-exo-Brevicomin(7-乙基-5-甲基-6，8-二氧双环［3.2.1］辛烷)，总产率41%.文中所合成化合物的结构经IR，MS，1HNMR和13CNMR证实.     

藜蒿挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油,用GC-MS法测定其化学成分和质量分数,其馏出物共鉴定出48种化合物,主要有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2.803%)等.     

五角枫挥发物的提取鉴定及黄斑星天牛对主要组分的触角电位反应

在确定新疆伊犁地区黄斑星天牛成虫嗜食寄主的基础上,利用GC-MS技术鉴定五角枫嫩枝和叶片的挥发物组分,并利用触角电位反应测定成虫对主要挥发物的电生理活性.研究结果表明,在多寄主植物混栽区,黄斑星天牛成虫更偏好取食五角枫的嫩枝补充营养,更喜好在旱柳和复叶槭枝干上刻槽产卵.从五角枫挥发物中共鉴定到34种化合物,其中萜烯类和酯类物质是主要组分,相对含量分别占挥发物组成的70.49%和23.94%.(Z)-β-罗勒烯、桧烯、β-石竹烯、α-水芹烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯在挥发物组成中所占的比例较高,分别达21.07%、19.59%、7.35%、13.58%和12.99%.在10 mg·mL~(-1)质量浓度下,雌虫对β-石竹烯的EAG反应显著高于其他供试气味物质,雄虫对乙酸乙酯和α-蒎烯的EAG反应最为强烈,雄虫对α-蒎烯和乙酸乙酯的EAG反应显著高于雌虫;雌虫对β-石竹烯和2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫.本试验在黄斑星天牛成虫感受信息化学物质的角度分析了成虫偏好五角枫的原因,对利用化学生态手段调控该虫的危害具有一定的理论指导意义.     

顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用检测合作猪肉挥发性风味成分

合作猪是我国特有的高原型小型原始地方品种．采用顶空固相微萃取法（HSSPME）结合气-质联用（GC-MS）技术分析了合作猪背最长肌的挥发性风味物质．该法共分离出93种物质，其中以醛类为主体，主要包括3-甲基丁醛和戊醛，另外醇类的（E）-3-己烯醇也有较高含量．     

柿叶挥发成分的GC/MS分析

用程序升温毛细管气相色谱－ 质谱联用方法对柿叶的挥发成分进行了分离鉴定, 共分离出８０个组分,用峰面积归一化方法计算出相对含量。用谱图检索确认出７５ 个化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９８．１３％ 。其中有５５ 个含氧化合物,其在总挥发成分中的质量分数为９５．２２％ ,以（ Ｅ） － ２－ 己烯醛（４２．２２％） 、（Ｚ） － ２－ 己烯醛（８．１４％） 和３,７,１１,１５－ 四甲基－ ２－ 十六烯－ １－ 醇（１７．８２％ ） 为主,并讨论了这些组分的药用价值及制备天然饮料的营养价值。     

川西獐牙菜甲醇提取物的气相色谱-质谱分析

研究川西獐牙菜甲醇提取物的成分组成．川西獐牙菜全草经甲醇浸泡,超声波震荡提取后用气相色谱．质谱联用技术进行化学成分的分离鉴定,结合计算机检索技术,鉴定它们的结构,应用色谱峰面积归-法测定各组分的质量百分含数．共分离出34个色谱峰,鉴定了其中的26个组分,占总含量的9r7．3％．主要组分为2,6,10,15,19,23-六甲基-2,6,10,14,18,22-二十四烷六烯27．2％,棕榈酸14．6％,十八烷基三烯12．1％,油酸6．2％,香豆酮5．4％等．分析鉴定结果可作为川西獐牙菜藏药材的初步定性依据．     

1-吡啶甲酰基-4-烯丙基氨基硫脲的合成与结构表征

报道了1-吡啶甲酰基-4-烯丙基氨基硫脲的合成.以3-溴丙烯和硫氰酸铵制得异硫氰酸烯丙酯(1);将2-吡啶甲酸,3-吡啶甲酸和4-吡啶甲酸酯化;由酯化反应所得(3a-3c)经肼解得吡啶甲酰肼(4a-4c);最后将化合物(1)分别和4a,4b,4c反应,合成了1-吡啶甲酰基-4-烯丙基氨基硫脲类化合物(5a-5c),其结构经红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、元素分析表征.     

不同干燥方法下西洋参的挥发性成分研究

基于气相离子迁移谱，对烘干和冻干处理的西洋参进行了挥发性成分研究。通过气相保留时间和迁移时间在西洋参中共定性出52种挥发性成分，包括11种醇类、8种酮类、12种醛类、5种吡嗪类、5种酯类、4种酸类、2种烯烃类等。主成分分析显示不同干燥方法对西洋参的挥发性成分有很大影响。对比冻干处理的西洋参，烘干处理的西洋参中酯类、酸类、酮类、烯烃类、吡嗪类挥发性成分的质量分数上升，而醛类和醇类的质量分数下降。其中，酯类（乳酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、乙基-2-甲基丙酸酯、乙酸戊酯）、酸类（2-甲基丁酸）、酮类（2-戊酮、羟基丙酮、2,3-戊二酮）、烯烃类（苯乙烯、α-蒎烯）和吡嗪类（2,6-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪）在烘干西洋参中的质量分数显著升高。醛类（辛醛、糠醛、壬醛、庚醛、(E)-2-庚烯醛）和醇类（己醇、(E)-03-己烯-1-醇、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇）在冻干西洋参中的质量分数显著升高。     

3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶香气特征及萜烯指数分析

运用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析福鼎大白茶、黔茶1号、黔茶8号茶树鲜叶的挥发性香气物质.结果表明:共检测到73种不同的挥发性芳香物质,其中福鼎大白茶44种,黔茶1号35种,黔茶8号50种,共有香气成分17种,占全部香气物质的百分比达到90%以上.芳樟醇及其氧化物、香叶醇、青叶醇、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯和己醛在3个茶树品种(品系)鲜叶中含量较为丰富,共同作用形成茶树鲜叶清香;芳樟醇、香叶醇、4-戊烯醛、青叶醛、壬醛、乙酸叶醇酯、水杨酸甲酯等物质在3个茶树品种(品系)间含量差异较大,可作为关键香气物质进行茶树品种的鉴定区分.3个茶树品种(品系)的萜烯指数为福鼎大白茶(0.73)、黔茶8号(0.65)、黔茶1号(0.89),黔茶1号萜烯指数接近野生大树茶,说明筛选出黔茶1号的湄潭苔茶群体品种是较为原始的茶树资源.     

分子筛促进的烯烃与H2O2环氧化反应的研究

以过氧化氢作为氧化剂,用Na-Y,Na-ZSM-5,Na-β,MCM-41,MCM-22,SBA-15 6种分子筛促进丙烯醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇和甲基庚烯酮3种烯烃的环氧化,研究不同的分子筛对这3种烯烃环氧化的转化率和选择性的促进作用,结果表明,SBA-15分了筛对这3种烯烃环氧化的促进作用最为明显.基于SBA...     

1,1′-(1,2-环己基)-3,3′-烯丙基硫脲的合成和晶体结构研究

利用3-烯丙基溴和硫氰酸钾反应的产物异硫氰酸烯丙酯,再与1,2-环己二胺反应合成了1,1′-(1,2-环己基)-3,3′-烯丙基硫脲,并在石油醚与乙酸乙酯的混合溶液中培养出可用于X-射线衍射的单晶.应用1 H NMR,13 CNMR,IR及x-射线单晶衍射等技术对其结构进行了表征.结果表明该晶体属于正交晶系,空间群为Pcca,晶胞参数为a=21.040(4),b=9.6800(19),c=17.260(3),α=90°,β=90°,γ=90°.     

光肩星天牛对糖槭挥发物的EAG及嗅觉行为反应

[目的]分析影响光肩星天牛定位寄主的糖槭挥发物成分,解析挥发物在光肩星天牛搜寻和定位寄主过程中的作用,为光肩星天牛的综合防控提供依据.[方法]利用热脱附气质联用法(thermal desorption gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry,TCT-GC-MS)分析鉴定糖槭挥发物组分...     

吉安杉木碎屑精油的化学成分分析研究

采用常压水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了吉安县杉木加工过程中产生的碎屑精油,该精油具有典型的木香香气,其中得油率为1.0%~1.5%.用GC-MS法对该油进行了定性定量分析,在分出的65个色谱峰中共鉴定出49种化合物,占精油总量的92.8%,其中含有柏木醇(39.98%)、α-柏木烯(10.17%)、雪松烯(5.59%)、乙酸柏木酯(3.35%)、5-(7a-异丙烯基-4,5-二甲基八氢化茚-4-基)-3-甲基-2-戊烯-1-醇(3.22%)、[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-异丙基-1,6-环癸二烯(2.97%)、杜松醇等.