边色数分类的两个充要条件及其性质

设图 G 是简单连通图,由 Vizing 定理知:Δ(G)≤x′(G)≤Δ(G)+1.其中Δ(G)表示图 G 的最大顶点次,x′(G)是图 G 的边色数.若 x′(G)=Δ(G),则称 G 为第一类图,并简记为 G∈C~1;若 x′(G)=Δ(G)+1,则称 G 为第二类图,并简记为 G∈C~2.其他图论述语见一般教科书。如果 G 满足|E(G)|>Δ(G)[(|V(G)/2|)],则称 G 为满图。显然,若图 G 为满图,则     

边色数为Δ的一个充分条件

设Δ(G)=max{d(v)|v∈V(G)},其中d(v)为顶点v的度数,χ′(G)为图G的边色数,对于简单图G,χ′(G)=Δ,或χ′(G)=Δ+1[1].满足χ′(G)=Δ的图称为第一类图,而满足χ′(G)=Δ+1的图称为第二类图.目前虽已弄清了某些图的类别,但给出第一类图与第二类图的特征仍是一个尚未解决的困难问题[1][2][3].设S={v|v∈V(G),d(v)=Δ},本文证明了当|S|=1或2时,简单图G是第一类图,即χ′(G)=Δ.以下讨论的图均指简单图.现将有关定义和结论叙述如下,其它定义和符号按[1].定义1　对图G的边着色F,若与顶点v关联的某些边染有颜色i,则称颜色i在顶点v上表现…     

伪Halin-图的无循环边着色

图G的无循环边着色是指图G的正常的边着色且任意的圈上不着双色.图G的无循环边色数是指对G进行无循环边着色所需的最少色数k,记为a′(G).给出了伪Halin图的无循环边色数满足猜想a′(G)Δ(G)+2,并且对任意的伪Halin图G且G≠K4,有a′(G)=Δ(G).     

边色数的点与边临界性质

关于边色数的点与边临界我们得到如下结论: 定理1 设图G是边色数边临界的。d(v)=2。N(v)={u,w}。且(u,w)∈E(G)。令G′=G·v,若x是G′中分离u,w之割点,则必存在y∈V(G′),使得(x,y)∈E(G′)且d(x)=d(y)=△(G)。定理2 若图G是边色数边临界的,且边集{e,f}为G的二边割,又设e=(x,y),f=(u,w)则二边割e,f边分别关联G的最大次顶点。     

最大度是5的可平面图的边染色

对于最大度是Δ的可平面图G,如果χ′(G)=Δ,称G为第一类图;如果χ′(G)=Δ+1,称G为第二类图.χ′(G)表示G的边染色数.1965年,Vizing举例说明Δ=5的可平面图中既有第一类图,也有第二类图.作者运用Discharge方法证明最大度是5且不包含有弦的4-圈和有弦的5-圈,或不包含有弦的4-圈和有弦的6-圈的可平面图是第一类图.     

最大度是4的可平面图的边染色

对于最大度是Δ的可平面图G,如果χ′（G）=Δ称G为第一类图,如果χ′（G）=Δ＋1称G为第二类图,χ′（G）表示G的边染色数.1965年,Vizing举例说明,最大度是4的平面图中不仅有第一类图,也有第二类图.论文运用Discharge方法及临界图的重要性质证明：最大度是4,不含5圈和6圈,且任意两个相交面的度不相同的可平面图是第一类图.     

边色数分类的几个结果

设图G为简单连通图,由Vizing定理知:△(G)≤x′(?)G)≤△(G) 1,其中,△(G)表示图G的最大顶点次,x′(G)是图G的边色数。若x′(G)=△(G),则称G为第一类图,并简记为G∈C′;若x′(G)=△(G) 1,则称G为第二类图,并简单记为G∈C~2。A.J.W,Hilton在[1]中提出了如下猜想:如果G是简单图,且(ⅰ)△(G)>2/3(|V(G)|-3),(ⅱ)δ(G)≤1,则G∈C′。本文的目的是围绕着这一猜想,得出了几个有关结果。     

关于几类特殊图的冠的邻强边染色

设G是一个简单图,f是G的一个k-正常边染色,又满足对任意的uv∈E(G),都有C(u)≠C(v),则称f为G的一个邻强边染色,简称k-ASEC,且称χas(G)=min{k|G存在k-ASEC}为G的邻强边色数,其中C(u)={f(uv)|uv∈ E(G)}.给出了路.圈、树、完全图、完全二分图、星、扇、轮的冠的邻强...     

图的点可区别无圈边色数的一个上界(英文)

图G的一个正常边染色f,若满足:1)G中无2-色圈;2)对于V(G)中的任意两点u和v,有C(u)≠C(v),这里C(u)={f(uw)|uw∈E(G)},则f叫做图G的一个点可区别无圈边染色.图G的点可区别无圈边色数,记为χ′_(vda)(G),是图G的一个点可区别无圈边染色所用色的最小数目.证明了若图G是一个最小度不小于5,且顶点数不超过30Δ~4的图时,χ′_(vda)(G)≤10Δ~2,其中Δ是图G的最大度.     

拟无爪泛圈图的一个充分条件

设G是一个图.若对G中任意距离为2的点对x,y,总存在u ∈ N(x)∩N(y),使得N[u](C)N[x]∪N[y],则称G是拟无爪图.本文给出了拟无爪图是泛圈图的一个充分条件:设G是n阶2-连通无{K4,P5,A}的拟无爪图,G(≠)Cn,则G是泛圈图.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that