系统方法论研究的现状分析与展望

对目前系统方法论的研究进行分类：硬系统方法论、软系统方法论和批评性系统方法论，分析了不同系统方法的哲学思想、方法步骤及其局限性，探讨了未来系统方法论发展的形式。     

水资源系统工程的理论框架探讨

作为一门新兴交叉综合性工程技术学科,水资源系统工程在人口、资源、环境、经济与社会区域可持续发展战略研究中具有重要意义.根据水资源系统工程的基本概念,指出水资源系统工程的实质就是处理各种水资源系统问题的方法论,据此提出了水资源系统工程新的理论框架,它由水资源系统优化方法、建模方法、预测方法、模拟方法、评价方法和决策分析方法组成.该理论框架在各种应用系统工程研究中具有参考应用价值.     

An Idea Ahead of Its Time: The History and Development of Soft Systems Methodology

This paper, part of the Festschrift for Peter Checkland, provides an outline of the history and development of soft systems methodology. It includes a personal reflection on my experiences of SSM, as well as a more objective evaluation of its achievements and limitations.     

用于复杂系统建模与仿真的面向智能体技术

在构造兼具数据处理和知识处理能力的新型面向对象型形式化体系上,根据复杂系统仿真的需要,使系统组分“对象”具有自主决策、控制和通信功能,建成多Ａｇｅｎｔ系统。给出多Ａ－ｇｅｎｔ系统实现群组决策的示例。     

基于UML的仿真系统验证方法研究

仿真系统的VV&A一直是仿真领域研究的热点,其目的在于提高仿真系统的可信度.目前,关于仿真系统的验证方法研究都是偏向于某个侧面,缺少对仿真系统的开发全过程进行验证的方法,导致系统的验证与开发衔接不紧密,影响验证方法的实际使用.现代仿真系统主要采用面向对象思想设计开发,UML是面向对象仿真中不可或缺的一个建模仿真工具.根据仿真系统开发过程,将仿真系统开发过程中形成的UML图用于对仿真系统的验证中,使验证覆盖仿真系统开发的全过程,增强了系统开发和验证的连贯性,并通过对实际系统的验证,检验了所提出方法的可行性.     

Use of Systems Methodologies in the UK and Spain: A Sample Survey

The emergence and the use of the so-called Management Sciences Methodologies has been one of the major recent developments in the field of Management Practice. The issues of the cultural dimensions of a particular country and its relevance in managerial practices have attracted substantial attention over recent years. This paper attempts to compare the usage of management sciences methods from the Hard and Soft spectrum in two countries that have quite distinctive managerial and cultural traditions: the UK and Spain. It reports on the results of a mail questionnaire administered to MBA graduates working in management consultancy in both countries.     

Refocusing Systems Analysis of Organizations Through a Semiotic Lens: Interpretive Framework and Method

Recent advances in systems theory have significantly raised its utility for supporting problem-structuring activity in organizations. However, this approach has been inadequately developed for representing and evaluating the nature and outcomes of organizational functioning. Toward that end this paper introduces a new method, called interpretive systems analysis, which incorporates ideas from semiotic theory. Using this method, the complex web of agents, actions, means, and circumstances in organizational functioning may be analytically discriminated into multiple courses of action that are emphasized on dimensions of legitimacy, motivation, and power. An integrative appraisal of key elements and factors shaping organizational performance may then be achieved through the formulation of “systems of significance,” formed of oppositional and associative relations. Organizations can thus be illuminated in terms of principle inconsistencies and tensions shaping their operations. The application and utility of this method is illustrated through a case study of customer service operations.     

工程系统的复杂性特征研究初探

工程进入大尺度复杂系统时代,需要Ilities研究以应对其自身及环境的变化。Ili-ties主要起源于工程问题,在工程实践中发展成为多维度的衡量指标、构建方法和范式,成为工程系统功效、性能和架构目标的表征。Ilities反映了工程建构的系统性思维,研究它对我国工程建设具有实践和理论意义。     

论系统非优研究的意义

从认识论、方法论及实践论角度论证了系统非优研究的重要意义，指出不研究非优问题，系统论将是不完整的。     

高层管理信息系统(EIS)及其开发策略的研究

分析了可供高层管理者直接使用的计算机信息系统（ＣＩＳ）匮乏的主要原因，指出开发ＥＩＳ是改变这一局面的有效途径。本文还研究了ＥＩＳ的开发策略，提出了一些对将参与ＥＩＳ的论证、设计和实施的专业人员及系统的使用者来说值得共同关注的问题.     

The roots of reductionism: A counter-ontoepistemology for a systems approach

Both an ontoepistemology for reductionist modern science (counter-ontoepistemology) and an ontology for interpretive Systemology have been outlined in the two preceding papers in this special issue ofSystems Practice. In the present article, the notion of truth is interpreted in terms of both the ontoepistemology of reductionism and the ontology of interpretive systemology. Both interpretations are discussed. Such a discussion represents the objective of this paper, that is, to outline the epistemological face of the ontoepistemology of interpretive systemology. In order to design that epistemological face, the relation between ontology and epistemology must be clarified. Such a relation is seen from the standpoint already provided by the ontology. After the discussion on the notion of truth, the general shape of a systemic-interpretive inquiring process is outlined.     

The Systems Approach to the Pluralist Theory of International Relations: A Case Study of the European Union

This article aims at introducing concepts related to the systems approach applied to the international system. First, the authors describe the systems view considering General Systems Theory in order to conceptualize the international systems as well as the Pluralist Theory of International Relations. Based on General Systems Theory, the authors analyze the international systems from the perspective of the Pluralist Theory of International Relations, using a case study on the European Union. The pluralist image of international systems presents important similarities to Systems Theory, as it analyzes the international context, characterized by variety, complexity and dynamics and uses the concepts of object, attribute, inputs and outputs, environment, motivations and process, which enable a better understanding of the international system.

混合目标系统多人多目标决策方法研究

针对由定性目标和定量目标构成的混合多人多目标决策系统 ,以辩证唯物主义方法论和从定性到定量的系统分析思路位指导 ,提出一种面向内容的综合决策方法 ,应用中效果良好。     

A Study on Integrated Model of Decision Support Systems

1　IntroductionToday,systems integration has been becoming a challenge issue lying the front of DSStheories and applications. Numbers of new models,technologies and methods have beenintroduced to develop DSS with the developmentand inter- permeation of sy…     

Systems Language for e-Democracy: Personal Resource Systems Management (PRSM), a Model and Action Research

In ancient Athens, the Agora was a place for collective decision making about personal and community issues. New Agoras, most recently Internet-enabled ones, now propose to enliven participatory democracy and establish systems by which our institutions can serve us and we can govern ourselves (B. H. Banathy, Guided Evolution of Society: A Systems View, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, New York, 2000). Effective participation in such activity will require a language and consciousness not currently in evidence, and learning beyond current parameters. In this article, high school students from Stephanie Williams' Child Development classes at McDowell High School, Millcreek Township School District, demonstrate use of a new paradigm. This model of Personal Resource Systems Management provides systems language for Agora discourse enabling effective participatory democracy.     

用于装备体系分析的探索性分析及其工具研究

探索性分析是用于武器装备体系分析研究的一种有效分析方法,通过探索性分析,人们易于理解不确定性因素的影响,全面把握各种关键要素。分析研究了探索性分析基本方法和软件环境,并构建了相应的辅助工具,可有效解决分析过程中探索空间大、计算过程复杂等问题。

Abstract：

Exploratory analysis is an efficient analysis method for Study of Weapon Systems of Systems. The effect of uncertainties was understood easy by exploratory analysis, and many key elements are held. The actual computation method and software environment of exploratory analysis were studied, and the assistance tool was developed, which could resolve effectively problem of the too large space and complex computation procedure.     

动态经济系统中的一种预测方法研究

提出了一种适合于动态经济系统的预测方法．本文注意到静态因果预测模型直接用于动态预测时所存在的缺陷,提出了一种补偿模型用以对因果预测结果作加性补偿．补偿模型试图从经济系统及其变量的历史数据中发掘有关系统发展变化的动态信息,并从对这些信息的分析中得出加性补偿量．     

A Robust Output—Feedback Controller for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

1　IntroductionRecently,the nonlinear output- feedback control problems are solved successfully by usingbackstepping for a class of nonlinear systems. The partialstate feedback control problemsolved in Jiang and Praly,1996 is more general than the output- feedback control problem.However,the assumptions made in the paper are too restrictive which does not only re-quire the existence of c,γ andψ1 to be ascertained a priori,but also require them to beknown for an unknown system. If c,γ can n…     

关于武器装备体系论证方法的思考

针对武器装备体系建设的特点,简述了目前武器装备体系论证特点和存在的方法问题.通过分析武器装备体系论证手段,剖析武器装备体系论证方法,提出应合理建立武器装备体系论证方法体系,形成武器装备体系论证方法论,以适应在信息化条件下武器装备体系建设的论证要求.依据上述方法论结合武器装备体系论证的特点,建立了软件综合集成环境,环境中每个软件工具或软件分系统,可根据不同论证任务,灵活形成针对该论证任务的软件环境,以满足相应论证任务的需要,体现定性分析与定量评估相结合.     

Science as Systemic Intervention: Some Implications of Systems Thinking and Complexity for the Philosophy of Science

This paper sidesteps the usual starting points for debate about complexity and the philosophy of science, which tend to assume that science is primarily about observation. Instead, the starting point is intervention, defined as purposeful action by an agent to create change. While some authors suggest that intervention and observation are opposites, it is argued here that observation (as undertaken in science) should be viewed as just one type of intervention. We should therefore welcome scientific techniques of observation into a pluralistic set of intervention methods, alongside methods for exploring values, reflecting on subjective understandings, planning future activities, etc. However, there is a need to explicitly counter a possible pernicious interpretation of this argument: intervention could (erroneously) be viewed as flawlessly preplanned change based on accurate predictions of the consequences of action. This is the mechanistic worldview that systems thinking and complexity science seek to challenge. Therefore, having redefined scientific observation as intervention, the paper revisits insights from systems thinking and complexity to propose a methodology of systemic intervention. Some brief reflections are then provided on the wider social implications of this methodology.