HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料的力学性能

采用干粉叠层法和热压工艺制备HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料,使用三点弯曲法测定HA/316L不锈钢对称功能梯度生物复合材料试样的抗弯强度和弹性模量,并借助扫描电子显微镜对试样对表面形貌和微观结构进行观察和表征,利用场发射高分辨扫描电子显微镜对试样进行元素线扫描分析.研究结果表明:通过控制HA粉末的含量(体积分数)在20%～40%之间时,所得复合材料的抗弯强度和弹性模量分别与人体骨的强度和模量相匹配,得到生物力学相容性好的复合材料;HA/316L不锈钢复合材料各梯度层之间过渡自然,没有明显的宏观界面、缺陷和裂纹等,梯度层内部和界面处两相分布均匀,且各成分均呈现连续的梯度分布,界面结合紧密.     

钛基/涂层型羟基磷灰石功能梯度生物材料研究进展

钛及钛合金是常用的医用生物材料,虽具有良好的生物相容性,但缺乏骨诱导能力,而羟基磷灰石(HA)有良好的生物活性能诱导骨生长,钛基/涂层型HA功能梯度生物材料(FGM)为解决二者的结合提供了新的思路.钛基/涂层型HA FGM其设计主要分为组成成分的梯度设计与孔隙梯度变化2种,通过基体与涂层表面之间形成逐渐过渡的功能梯度,能显著提高材料的机械强度和生物骨诱导能力.概述其设计、制备及性能评价等最新研究,为临床运用提供参考.     

自蔓延预热粉体爆炸固结Mo/Cu FGM

采用新型水介质双向爆炸固结装置,结合自蔓延预热粉体技术制备了Mo/Cu功能梯度材料(FGM).观测了Mo/Cu FGM的显微结构,分析了爆炸固结机制.所制备样品的相对密度从Mo层的94.2%到Cu层的98.4%,呈现良好的梯度变化,样品整体相对密度达95.5%.Mo/Cu FGM电导率为国际退火铜标准(IACS)的27%.第3层、第4层的热导率分别为204.76和249.71 W·m-1·K-1.Mo/Cu FGM第1层与第2层的剪切强度为214.8Mpa.     

基于分层线性离散模型的FGM板断裂力学分析

为对功能梯度材料(FGM)板进行断裂力学分析,提出了施加温度场建立FGM板分层线性离散模型的方法.采用该方法、梯度有限元法和常规有限元法对FGM板的应力场和位移场进行对比分析,结果表明该方法简便可行.在所提方法的基础上,采用扩展有限元法求解含裂纹FGM板的位移场,再利用位移外推法计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,通过上述方法对不同材料梯度参数、裂纹尺寸、裂纹倾斜角的FGM板裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,合理地选择FGM板的梯度参数并控制裂纹尺寸能有效降低裂纹尖端应力强度因子.所提出的方法可推广应用于材料梯度分布为任意连续变化的FGM板断裂力学分析.     

SiC/C功能梯度材料的制备

以经典无限大叠板理论和热弹性力学为基础,通过自选开发的计算机辅助设计系统对SiC/C FGM中的热应力分布进行了理论分析,得到制备SiC/C的功能梯度材料最佳工艺参数,采用热压烧结工艺,在1950℃,25MPa和保温1h的条件下制备出了F4和F7两种无宏观缺陷的块体SiC/C功能梯度材料,采用SEM对FGM微观结构进行了观察。500℃室温淬水实验表明,按最佳参数制备的功能梯度材料F7具有良好的抗热震性能。     

Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料抗热震性能评价

采用热压烧结（HP）技术制备了界面结合紧密、结构完整的Ti／Al2O3梯度功能材料，并分别在1000℃、600℃温差下对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳性能进行了研究。结果表明：在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中材料均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂纹，没有发生失稳断裂，具有良好的抗热冲击性能和热应力缓和性能。     

羟基磷灰石/钛网状复合材料的制备及其性能

以Ca(OH)2和H3PO4为反应物,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)粉体;用机械混合法制备了TiH2包覆HA的粉体;用热压法制备了纯HA陶瓷材料及HA/Ti复合材料.XRD相分析结果表明:通过溶胶-凝胶法制备的HA粉体,经过900℃煅烧2 h后,粉体的主晶相为HA,有少量的CaO;HA/TiH2包覆粉末经1 050℃热压后,复合材料中的主要相是HA和Ti,同时出现了Ca2P2O7和Ca3(PO4)2相.1 050℃热压的HA/25%Ti(体积分数)复合材料的断裂韧性为2.4 MPa.m-1/2,抗弯强度为54 MPa,均高于纯HA材料.显微组织的观察表明金属钛在材料中呈网状分布,网状...     

S型B4C-SiC/C功能梯度材料的设计和制备

对（ｌ－×）（８０％Ｂ４ＣＣ－２０％ＳｉＣ）／ｘ Ｃ（体积分数）功能梯度材料的 ×＝０． ２, ０．４, ０．６, ０．８的各层 分别在２０００℃,２０ＭＰａ进行了热压,测定了各层的密度,线膨胀系数,弹性模量和抗弯强度等． 按线性成分分布函数的６层和１１层梯度材料热压后都出现了裂纹．采用了不同于幂函数的Ｓ 型成分分布函数设计,热压了１１层（×＝０．２～１．０）的功能梯度材料,其抗弯强度为２１６ＭＰａ,抗热震 性＞５００℃．     

涂层对三维碳纤维编织体/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

从自制的SiO2和SiC涂层/三维碳纤维编织体出发,采用溶胶浸渍-原位分解法得到三维碳纤维编织体/涂层/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料.采用等温氧化失重、XRD、SEM、电子拉伸试验等测试手段研究了涂层对碳纤维编织体抗氧化性、复合材料力学性能的影响及复合材料的强韧化机理.结果表明:涂层可明显提高碳纤维编织体的抗氧化性能;梯度SiC涂层可明显改善纤维与陶瓷颗粒的界面结合性能,使复合材料的强度、断裂韧性和弹性模量分别增加5~10倍,材料的断裂呈层间紧密的复合断裂;裂纹扩展和断口分析表明,复合材料的强韧化机理为Cf的拔出、桥接和诱导裂纹偏转.     

UHMWPE背板铺层角度对陶瓷复合靶板抗弹性的影响

由于背板强度对陶瓷/纤维复合装甲的抗弹性能存在明显影响，采用12.7 mm穿燃弹(刚脆性)冲击实验研究了不同UHMWPE背板铺层角度对陶瓷/纤维复合装甲弹道冲击性能的影响.通过观测回收的弹芯、靶体陶瓷及纤维背板宏观破坏特征，分析了陶瓷/纤维复合装甲的耗能机理及抗弹性能.试验结果表明，陶瓷锥是陶瓷面板的主要破坏模式，其宏观裂纹主要有:径向、环向及与锥形裂纹；纤维背板变形模式为动态锥形鼓包及边界褶皱，其破坏失效模式有:剪切失效及层间剥离.并且，背板强度对陶瓷/纤维复合靶板的抗弹性能有明显影响，随着UHMWPE背板铺层角度的减小，背板强度以及陶瓷/纤维靶板整体结构刚度随之增大，靶板对弹芯的破碎作用越明显，冲击后剩余弹芯最大碎片质量减小，小碎块数量增多，弹丸碎块穿透靶板后剩余侵彻能力减弱，复合靶板整体抗弹性能增加，同时背板鼓包高度减小，锥形鼓包所形成的角度增大，纤维层合板的破坏失效模式从剪切失效向层间剥离转变.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-