室温磁致冷的仿真与分析

室温磁致冷技术尚处于样机研制阶段,仿真分析可以简化该过程。借助有限元分析工具计算磁场分布,并将工质细化然后结合磁工质材料磁热特性计算工质微元完整循环中的热量变化,最后求和近似得到磁致冷装置的整体运行特性。针对一种简化室温磁致冷原理样机的Ericsson循环制冷过程进行详细的计算。仿真结果表明提高循环的制冷温跨可增大总回热量,但是制冷效率将会降低。该方法有助于综合评定室温磁致冷装置的设计效果、指导室温磁致冷机的研制过程。     

蒸气压缩制冷循环中的不可避免（火用）损失

通过内可逆逆卡诺循环传热温差引起的不可逆Yong损失分析，提出确定内可逆逆循环不可避免Yong损失的方法．利用推导的公式和平均温度的概念，可以对实际蒸气压缩制冷循环中温差传热引起的可避免和不可避免的烟Yong损失进行分析和计算，从而为减少可避免的Yong损失、改进循环和提高循环的Yong效率奠定基础．     

带节能器的CO2跨临界循环制冷系统

为避免CO2跨临界循环运行因高低压差增大而导致压缩过程偏离等熵过程太远，减小CO2跨临界循环系统损失，提高系统性能并降低系统成本，采用带节能器的CO2跨临界制冷循环，对其热力学模型进行计算分析，并与基本带膨胀机循环进行对比．结果表明，不同于传统工质带节能器制冷循环的补气压力介于系统高压和低压之间，带节能器CO2跨临界制冷循环的补气压力应介于临界压力和低压之间；其制冷系数与膨胀机效率为0．6的系统性能相当；制冷性能随蒸发温度的升高而提升，随气体冷却器出口温度的升高而降低；相对补气压力对系统性能的影响较大，当相对补气压力为0．9～1．1时制冷性能较高，在较低蒸发温度下降低压缩机排气温度的优势明显．     

采用不同工质的中高温热泵理论循环特性

以指定工质侧相变真实平均温度计算方法为基准,考察传统的指定工质侧相变算术平均温度计算方法对循环性能参数以及工质对比评价结果的量化影响,并分析指出传统计算方法的适用条件和范围.采用指定相变真实平均温度的计算方法并结合前期研究中对压缩过程改进的计算方法,在冷凝温度80～140℃的工况范围内指导中高温热泵工质的筛选,筛选出20种臭氧层破坏势(ODP)为0,全球变暖势(GWP)较低的纯质和混合工质,并将筛选出的20种工质与R11和R114进行了对比.结果表明,这20种工质的环境性能和综合循环性能优于R11和R114.     

空气/水混合工质制冷循环理论计算

介绍一种混合工质制冷循环,以空气和水两种自然物质的混合物为工质,实现绝佳的环保性能.水的相变改善了空气的压缩和膨胀过程,同时又增加了制冷量,使循环具有很高的经济性.对循环进行了简单的热力分析,并在不同的给定条件下,对各点的状态参数和循环性能参数进行了理论计算.结果表明,在膨胀功充分利用的前提下,环保制冷循环的制冷系数COP=6~7.     

蒸气压缩制冷循环中的不可避免损失

通过内可逆逆卡诺循环传热温差引起的不可逆损失分析,提出确定内可逆逆循环不可避免损失的方法.利用推导的公式和平均温度的概念,可以对实际蒸气压缩制冷循环中温差传热引起的可避免和不可避免的损失进行分析和计算,从而为减少可避免的损失、改进循环和提高循环的效率奠定基础.     

利用工质设计实现制冷热泵近卡诺循环的分析

对利用适宜的循环工质实现蒸气压缩式制冷热泵近卡诺循环进行了分析，包括基本思路、可行性分析、典型工质及其特性，并在相同设备条件和工作温度下，对近卡诺循环制冷热泵和普通循环制冷热泵（R22为工质）的效率进行了计算比较，最后对进一步需做的工作进行了探讨。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷吸附床内数学模型的建立

从固体吸附式制冷循环工质对的特点出发,分析了太阳能固体吸附式制冷装置中吸附床的传热传质计算过程,并在合理的简化条件下给出了吸附床制冷工质时的模型求解方法。根据文章所建立的方法,可对太阳能固体吸附式制冷装置进行性能动态模拟,并为系统装置的优化奠定了良好的基础。     

双元工质喷射制冷循环

对双元非共沸工质喷射制冷循环做了可行性分析，利用ＰＲ方程对两种双元工质ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１２３和ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１４１ｂ进行了热力循环计算，对双元工质ＲＣ３１８／Ｒ１４１ｂ进行了喷冷循环实验，并与单元工程质Ｒ１４１进行了对比。理论分析和实验数据表明，通过选择合适的双元工质，在喷冷系统中不但可以提高其制冷品质，亦能同时提高制冷循环的能效比。     

卤代烃制冷工质导热系数的新方程

通过对实验数据及常规计算方法的分析,提出了一种计算常压下卤代烃制冷工质导热系数的新方程．新方程形式简单,计算方便,仅需已知物质的分子量、临界参数等基本物性数据就可以精确地计算出卤代烃制冷工质在常压下的导热系数．用新方程计算的12种卤代烃制冷工质的导热系数与其实验数据的比较表明,新方程计算的相对偏差基本在±7％以内,总平均偏差约为2.7％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with