公路隧道开挖参数解析

根据围岩压力理论分析了公路隧道开挖的几个重要参数，包括开挖高度、开挖宽度及循环进尺。总结出了合理的循环进尺及开挖扁平率，并阐明开挖方式及开挖循环进尺的合理选择。     

浅谈路基开挖施工

在公路建设中，路堑开挖施工组织是否合理、施工质量如何，将影响施工进度和边坡的稳定。重点从路基开挖的准备工作、开挖方法的选择和确定、土质路堑和石质路堑的开挖方法以及施工防护措施等方面探讨了路基开挖施工的有关问题。     

污水管道非开挖拉管法工艺的应用

本文介绍了污水管道非开挖拉管法工艺流程、施工要点，对开挖深度较大或因交通疏导原因不具备开挖施工条件的路段采取非开挖拉管的施工方法，可有效解决市政道路施工难题。     

北大河大开挖穿越设计

文章以西气东输二线西段北大河大开挖穿越设计为例，从河流形态分析、已存在工程的影响、开挖边坡、围堰、导流、水工保护等方面详细介绍了大型河流开挖的设计方案，成功解决了已存在工程的影响、开挖深度大等问题，为供类似工程参考。     

坝基开挖水平预裂爆破施工技术

在水电建设中，坝基开挖是极其重要的一个环节，建基面开挖质量的好坏对大坝的稳定有很大的影响，因此，在坝基开挖中要采取有效的控制手段，尽量减少对基岩面的损伤。预裂爆破不仅在垂直、倾斜开挖壁面上得到广泛应用；在规则的曲面、扭曲面、以及水平建基面等也采用预裂爆破。该文针对大坝水平建基面开挖的特点和施工技术要求，并通过工程应用和实践，总结出的一套切实可行且能保证水平建基面开挖质量的水平预裂爆破施工的方法。     

泥水盾构隧道开挖面稳定性研究探讨

通过对盾构开挖面稳定性几种主要研究方法的探讨，主要包括整体稳定理论、模型试验、数值模拟研究等方法的综合分析，总结概括了盾构隧道开挖面稳定性的各种计算方法及其相应的优缺点，为将来的开挖面稳定性研究工作提供了指导和依据。通过综合各种开挖面稳定性分析方法，提出将各种方法结合使用，如采用离散单元法与解析解相结合的方法，将使开挖面稳定性分析方法更为科学合理。     

基坑开挖与支护方法应用进展

概述了基坑工程的发展、内容和分级．总结了基坑开挖与支护方法的应用进展，对这些方法进行了重新分类：开挖分为无支护开挖和有支护开挖；支护分为被动支护和主动支护．介绍了各种支护与开挖方法的适用条件，为基坑设计选型提供参考．     

关于隧洞开挖施工中不良地质条件处理措施及方法

在隧洞开挖施工中围岩类别相对较差，特别是隧洞涌水较大，经常出现坍塌的现象，致使开挖过程中存在很大的安全隐患，尤其是隧洞开挖施工中时常遇到断层的开挖，为了保证施工安全，根据以前隧洞开挖施工中所遇到的问题和采取的处理方式，对不良地质条件开挖支护施工制定相关的处理措施，以便在出现问题时及时采取相应的处理方法，避免造成更大的塌方和损失。     

大断面的水电站隧洞开挖技术探索

本文通过结合大渡河大岗山水电站隧洞施工实例，针对隧洞开挖断面大，局部地质条件较差特点，如何确保Iv围111岩段在开挖期的围岩稳定和施工期的结构稳定是本隧洞开挖关键。因此，对洞室较差围岩开挖采用减小钻孔深度．减小装药量的施工方案，同时开挖过程中加强支护，开挖后及时跟进喷锚等安全支护。     

糯扎渡水电站岩柱开挖施工及质量控制

在水电站进水口高边坡的开挖设计中，引水道之间预留岩柱的设计思想已开始被国内诸多大、中型工程所采用，但是，岩柱的开挖保留质量状况一直以来并不理想。糯扎渡水电站在进水口预留岩柱的开挖施工中进行了大量的开挖质量保证措施的研究和应用并取得了较好的成绩，同时也为类似工程的开挖提供了可借鉴的宝贵经验。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that