含蓄电池的孤立微电网系统运行优化研究

针对微电网系统在孤立运行方式下的优化问题,提出了一种含蓄电池的微电网多目标运行优化方法.求解方法分为2步:储能单元运行方式的确定及可控型微电源的优化调度.微电网储能单元的运行方式根据当前调度时刻的负荷需求、可再生能源发电期望、储能单元的荷电状态等因素,采用功率差控制策略对储能单元进行管理.可控型微电源的出力分配,在考虑系统功率平衡、微电源出力限值和爬坡约束等条件下,以经济成本和环境成本为目标,利用改进的遗传算法进行求解.该方法不仅发挥了蓄电池削峰填谷的作用,提高了储能单元的经济价值,而且实现了孤立微电网的经济、环保优化运行.以典型微电网系统的日优化调度为算例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于人工免疫算法的微网需求侧响应优化调度

在考虑V2G的需求侧响应的基础上,以电动汽车蓄电池折损系数及从配电网的购电费用为优化目标,构建包含微电网功率平衡约束、可转移负荷约束、V2G约束、储能荷电状态等约束条件的光伏微电网多目标优化模型。采用人工免疫算法对模型进行求解,并利用实际的光伏微电网机构和运行数据,在Matlab平台上进行仿真分析,获得光伏微电网优化调度的多组Pareto最优解集。通过分析选取的典型调度方案,验证优化模型的合理性和有效性。     

风光储微电网运行特性仿真分析

为研究含风力发电、太阳能光伏发电和储能系统三种类型微源组成的微电网的运行特性,在MATALB软件平台上,建立了基于主从控制的风光储微电网联合仿真模型.以蓄电池储能系统为主控电源,在微电网并网运行时,所有微源都采用P/Q控制;微电网离网运行时,蓄电池储能系统采用V/f控制,支撑微电网频率和电压.然后对微电网并网运行、离网运行及并离网切换过程进行仿真.仿真结果表明:微电网在并网、离网运行模式下能安全、可靠运行,在运行模式切换过程时能平滑过渡.     

含混合储能的风光储系统容量优化配置

由于可再生能源的不断发展,电网对各种能源存储技术的需求日益增长,通过提出一种利用废弃矿区建立含重力储能的混合储能系统解决新能源消纳的问题。以年均系统成本最小化为目标建立微电网容量优化配置模型,通过分析含风力发电机、光伏组件、蓄电池和重力储能装置的微电网各发电单元特性,并采用改进粒子群优化算法对该模型进行优化求解。算例结果表明,该模型提高了系统的经济性,系统负荷缺电率等可靠性指标也得到了明显提升。     

基于模糊控制的光伏微电网复合储能控制策略优化研究

微电网中复合储能的功率分配问题一直是业内研究的热点,以光伏微电网为应用场景,电源功率波动和负载功率波动在时间上呈现出的非线性特性会对储能系统控制产生影响。针对这一问题,在基于源-荷功率预测的复合储能控制策略上进行优化,利用模糊算法对非线性问题的处理优势,在储能元件功率分配的情况中加入模糊控制器,兼顾考虑储能电池SOC(State of Charge)与微电网功率波动之间的非线性关系,设计微电网预测能量与实际并网能量的差额分配算法,对储能系统有功率参考值进行实时修正,从而达到调节储能系统SOC的效果。实现了在长时间尺度中,实际并网功率能准确跟踪并网调度,储能元件不会产生过充或过放的现象,从而降低了储能元件的损坏率,提高了复合储能系统运行的安全稳定性能,延长了储能系统使用寿命的目的。实验结果表明：与优化前的控制策略相比,在相同工况下优化后的控制策略使蓄电池SOC波动范围缩小15.6%,一直保持在40%～60%之间波动。     

考虑SOC与电压信号的直流微电网变下垂截距虚拟惯性控制

为解决高渗透率直流微电网带来的低惯性问题，利用储能单元充放电提供的惯性支持能力，提出一种考虑SOC与电压信号的直流微电网变下垂截距虚拟惯性控制策略。首先，考虑荷电状态与电压波动约束，建立复合控制函数对下垂截距进行调节，使储能单元支撑功率均衡分配，又能跟随电压波动迅速动作，给系统提供惯性支持；其次，建立直流微电网小信号模型，给出变下垂截距定量约束，并论证了该约束内系统的稳定性；最后，利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真算例验证了该策略在储能单元充放电极限区域内的可行性，结果表明所提方法不仅能够增强系统惯性，还可实现储能单元的功率均衡。     

基于合作博弈的农村微电网群与配电网运行优化方法

针对农村高渗透率新能源接纳问题,提出了基于合作博弈理论的农村微电网群与配电网运行优化方法.通过建立包含风电、光伏、沼气发电、储能和可中断负荷的微电网运行成本最小目标函数,优化微电网内不同时间段各电源的出力水平、蓄电池充放电和可中断的负荷.以各微电网自身运行成本最小为目标,考虑风、光、沼气发电日内的互补性和负荷特性,建立基于合作博弈论的微电网群合作联盟,使余电微电网与缺电微电网实现电能互用,降低联盟整体运行成本,增加配电网运营商收益.采用Shapley值法对联盟的节省成本进行分配,实现各微电网节省成本的公平分配.仿真算例证明了该方法的有效性.     

智能微电网在河西地区的示范运营

介绍了智能微电网示范工程项目的光伏发电系统、智能配电系统、智能监控系统和储能系统的组成和结构,微电网的并/离网切换模式及运行情况。通过试运行观察和检测,表明本智能微电网即可并网运行,又可离网运行,体现分布式光伏电源、储能系统、电网之间协调运行,凸显智能微电网能量优化调度控制功能。本项目的示范运营,为智能微电网的发展提供工程依据和技术参考,促进智能微电网在河西地区的发展和广泛应用。     

储能型光伏系统电池容量优化配置及经济性分析

独立型光储微电网作为光伏应用的有效形式得到了广泛的使用,其中系统的经济性优劣主要依赖储能的类型和配置调控方案。基于此,根据独立光伏系统的建模思想,在给定负荷变化规律的前提下,以最大化利用光伏输出能量为目标,建立光伏能量最大化利用模型,将光伏发电单元和储能单元作为整体进行容量优化配置。通过算例分析,获得目前较为典型的5种储能电池和光伏容量的优化配置结果,在此基础上,为使系统经济性最优,进一步引入年均成本为目标并建立相应模型,得到了5种电池和混合储能电池的经济对比分析结果,最后对5种电池对应的放电时间、循环效率和寿命进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,在同等配置条件且满足项目指标的要求下,能量型铅酸电池和功率型铅酸电池组成的混合电池具有更好的经济性,其次为钠硫电池和铁锂电池,全钒液流电池成本最高。     

光伏微电网虚拟现实系统的设计与实现

为了辅助微电网的建设,借助于虚拟现实技术,设计并实现了微电网虚拟现实系统,其中包括微电网系统中重要组件(如光伏板、逆变器、储能装置等)的设计.首先用3DSMax建模,生成光伏微电网三维场景,然后再导入Quest3D,从而实现光伏微电网虚拟现实系统的漫游.系统对微电网系统的设计和建设具有很好的指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has