聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚羧甲基钠盐的提纯及表面活性

用硝酸银作沉淀剂，采用沉淀法提纯了标称氧乙烯（ＥＯ）数分别为２和４的聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚羧甲基钠盐，纯度在９９．８％以上。测定了不同温度和离子强度下的表面张力，由热力学关系计算出其表面性质和胶团化及表面吸附过程的标准热力学函数。结果表明，标称ＥＯ数由２增至４时，分子的最小截面积增加，反离子结合度减小，表面张力降低能力则下降很小。加入氯化钠，可使表面活性分子的最小截面积明显减小，却对表面张力降低能力影响     

卤代烃对唑化合物荧光猝灭机理

测试了１×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ５，５－二苯基－２，２－联唑（ＰＯＯＰ）、反－１，２－双［２－（５－苯基唑基）］乙烯（ＰＯＥＯＰ）、４，４－双［２－（５－苯基唑基）］－１，１－联苯（ＰＯＢＯＰ）在含不同浓度卤代烃的１，４－二氧六环溶液中的荧光量子产率，讨论了荧光猝灭机理，计算出ＣＨ３Ｉ、ＰｈＩ、ＰｈＢｒ对ＰＯＥＯＰ、ＰＯＯＰ、ＰＯＢＯＰ的荧光猝灭速率常数．研究发现，卤代烃分子越小，卤原子核电荷数越高，其猝灭荧光能力越强     

正丁醇在稀水溶液表面上吸附的热力学研究

在300．2-308．2K温度区间内，用表面张力仪测定了正丁醇稀水溶液的表面张力随其浓度的变化．应用热力学方程计算体系的表面过剩熵，表面过剩焓，及Gibbs吸附量和正丁醇分子的平均截面积．同时讨论了正丁醇与表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，CTAB)相互作用的热力学原理，并希望能为助表面活性剂的选择、使用提供理论依据．     

COM燃料用稳定剂对其流动性的影响

讨论了多元醇与环氧丙烷（ＰＯ）及环氧乙烷（ＥＯ）共聚物的支链数、支链的分子量、ＰＯ与ＥＯ的摩尔比、分子间的交联对ＣＯＭ燃料流动性的影响。当稳定剂分子的支链子均分子量在 ５ ０００以上、 ＰＯ与 ＥＯ的摩尔比接近２、分子链间进行适当交联,支链数目又较多时,ＣＯＭ燃料的流动性较好。三聚氰胺六羟甲基在ｐＨ为４．５时缩合１０ｍｉｎ,与ＰＯ及ＥＯ加成后再加入２倍于它的摩尔数的 ＴＤＩ进行交联,用它配制的 ＣＯＭ的含碳量最高可达６６％。     

Fe￣（2＋）还原废蓄电池泥渣中PbO＿2的试验研究

讨论了ＰｂＯ＿２还原过程的热力学问题，并对ＦｅＳＯ＿４＋Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４还原转化剂处理废蓄电池泥渣中ＰｂＯ＿２及Ｐｂ过程进行了试验研究，热力学分析及试验结果表明：本研究的还原剂将ＰｂＯ＿２和Ｐｂ还原转化为ＰｂＳＯ＿４的热力学推动力大，反应速度快，工艺过程稳定以及Ｐｂ回收率高。     

Fe^2＋还原废畜电池泥渣中PbO2的试验研究

讨论了ＰｂＯ２还原过程的热力学问题，并对ＦｅＳＯ４＋Ｈ２ＳＯ４还原转化剂处理蓄电池泥渣中ＰｂＯ２及Ｐｂ过程进行了试验研究。热力学分析及试验结果表明。本研究的还原剂将ＰｂＯ２和Ｐｂ还原转化为ＰｂＳＯ４的热力学推动力大，反应速度快，工艺过程稳定以及Ｐｂ回收率高。     

Gd（NO3）3／Er（NO3）3—Gly—H2O三元体系的研究（25℃）

测定了Ｇｄ（ＮＯ３）３／Ｅｒ（ＮＯ３）３－Ｇｌｙ－Ｈ２Ｏ三元体系在２５℃时的溶度和饱和溶液折光率。各体系的溶度和饱和溶液折光率曲线均由４支组成，分别与ＲＥ（ＮＯ３）３；ｎＨ２Ｏ配合物ＲＥ（Ｇｌｙ）２（ＮＯ３）３．２Ｈ２Ｏ，ＲＥ（Ｇｌｙ）４（ＮＯ３）３；Ｈ２Ｏ及Ｇｌｙ相对应。     

不同电位下催化电合成聚吡咯膜的电化学行为

通过循环伏安法研究了以Ｔ＿ｓＯＨ（对甲苯磺酸），ＨＣｌ＿４，Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４，ＮａＣｌＯ＿４和Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４为支持电解质，Ｔｉｒｏｎ为催化剂，在不同电位范围催化电合成聚吡咯（ＰＰＥ／Ｐｔ）和该膜电极在相应支持电解质水溶液中的电化学行为．发现ＰＰＥ／Ｐｔ的ＣＶ图、稳定性和电活性随聚合电位及阴离子种类的变化明显不同于非催化电合成聚吡咯．在０～０．８Ｖ电位范围制得的ＰＰＥ／Ｐｔ的稳定性最好，并随支持电解质的变化按Ｔ＿ｓＯＨ，ＨＣｌＯ＿４，Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４，ＮａＣｌＯ＿４和Ｎａ＿２ＳＯ＿４的顺序减小．同时讨论了产生变化的原因．     

三草酸根合铁（Ⅲ）酸钾磁化率的测定

报道了用古埃（Ｇｏｕｙ）磁天平法测定Ｋ＿２［Ｆｅ（Ｃ＿２Ｏ＿４Ｏ＿４）＿３］３Ｈ＿２Ｏ摩尔磁化率，磁场强度Ｈ用ＣＴ５型特斯拉计直接测量或由已知单位质量磁化率的莫尔盐（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４，·ＦｅＳＯ＿４·６Ｈ＿２Ｏ间接标定，根据测得的摩尔磁化率Ｘ＿Ｍ，求出配合物分子的磁矩Ｕ＿ｍ和未成对电子数，推断Ｋ＿３［Ｆｅ（Ｃ＿２Ｏ＿４）＿３］·３Ｈ＿２Ｏ的配位键类型。     

阴最离子混合表面活性剂的浓度变化对表面活性的影响

采用表面张力法，帆布沉降法，乳化法，研究了辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠Ｃ８Ｈ１７Ｃ６Ｈ４（ＯＣ２Ｈ４）１０ＳＯ４Ｎａ（Ｃ８ψＥ１０Ｓ）和十二烷甘７聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠Ｃ１２Ｈ２５（ＯＣ２Ｈ４）７ＳＯ４Ｎａ（Ｃ１２Ｅ７Ｓ）与溴化十二烷基三甲铵Ｃ１２Ｈ２５Ｎ（ＣＨ３）３Ｂｒ（Ｃ１２ＮＭ３）形成的混合溶液的表面活性，结果表明，它们不仅能在水溶液中形成透明的均匀浓度，而且混合体系的临界胶浓度（ｃｍｃ）和γｃｍｃ     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the