西昌市养殖灭螺防治日本血吸虫病试点示范技术研究

为探索养殖鱼、鸭生物灭螺防治日本血吸虫病技术,在全市选点示范扩建鱼塘和沟渠稻田放养鱼,鸭采食钉螺进行生物灭螺防治血吸虫病,通过五年的示范研究和推广,使疫情得到显著控制,钉螺感染率和感染钉螺密度分别下降71.84%,80.00%,耕牛和人群血吸虫病感染率分别下降73.36%,48.05%,社会经济和生态效益明显。     

血吸虫病防控技术集成研究与示范的效果评价

为评价和分析血吸虫病防控技术集成研究与示范的疫情效果。通过在示范区实施控制血吸虫病流行的综合措施,并开展血吸虫病疫情调查及相关问卷调查。结果表明,通过连续3年的血吸虫病防控技术的实施,居民血吸虫感染率由3.57%降至0.83%;耕牛血吸虫感染率由17.14%降至0;示范区洲滩未发现阳性钉螺。建立以控制传染源为核心的血吸虫病综合防控技术新体系。     

永胜县血吸虫病流行病学抽样调查工作报告

目的：准确掌握永胜县血吸虫病流行现状，为制订血吸虫病防治策略提供依据。方法：用分层随机抽样法确定调查点。用尼龙袋集卵孵化法、顶管孵化法分别对人畜进行查病，用系统抽样结合环境抽样法开展螺情调查。结果：人群感染率为3．74％；家畜感染率为1．59％；活螺平均密度为3．5只／框，钉螺自然感染率为0．026％，感染螺平均密为0．0009只／框。结论：重度流行区疫情有了大幅度的下降，轻度流行区的疫情有一定的反弹。     

男男性行为人群中HIV/AIDS行为干预的动力学模型

通过动力学模型探讨了男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)中HIV的防治策略,研究发现:与实现联合国艾滋病规划署提出了"2030年终结艾滋病"的"3个90%"防治目标相比,若能做到一级预防,即增加对艾滋病易感者进行行为干预,如增加对易感者人群的宣传教育、提高有效的安全套的使用率等措施,才能更快地降低艾滋病感染率;在对抗MSM人群中的HIV传播过程中,对易感者的干预效果大于对感染者的干预效果.     

松滋市动物血吸虫病综合防治实践与探索

松滋市是湖北省22个尚未达到血吸虫病传播控制的重疫区县市之一。自1956年开展血吸虫病防治工作以来,累计查出钉螺面积9267.9万平方米,血吸虫病人14.6万人。经过历届县（市）委、政府和全市人民半个多世纪的艰苦努力,已累计灭光钉螺7705万平方米,累计治愈血吸虫病人13.9万人,有70个村基本灭光了钉螺,3个乡镇达到了血吸虫病传播阻断标准。2008年底全面通过国家血吸虫病疫情控制达标考核,全市连续8年无急性血吸虫病突发疫情,连续5年未出现本地感染的急感病人。     

2004年～2008年南昌高新开发区血吸虫病疫情调查分析

对2004年-2008年南昌高新开发区血吸虫病疫情进行调查分析,探讨今后防控对策。通过现场考察、座谈、访问、查看资料,统计分析各项防控指标。5年来该区未发生一例急感,人群发病率降至0.12%,救治了几乎所有能挽救的晚血病人,行政村的疫情层次已明显地向后推移,近2年一、二类疫情村已被取消,耕牛阳性率已降到0.73%,灭螺面积达2 267.79 hm2,压缩有螺面积276 hm2,消灭感染螺面积77 hm2。通过以控制传染源为主的综合措施,全区血防成效显著,大湖区封洲禁牧应属一个整体,要加强实行联防联控才能加速成效。     

西昌市家畜血吸虫病流行病学调查

通过对西昌市家畜血吸虫病进行流行病学调查,采集14728头家畜粪便一粪三检,牛、马、猪、犬、羊血吸虫病感染率分别为12.9％、9.0％、7.7％、6.1％和2.9％,并对家畜血吸虫病主要临床表现、传播途径与人群的关系等流行病学特点进行了调查,摸清了我市家畜血吸虫病流行规律,为有效防治提供了科学依据。     

日本血吸虫的流行病学和终宿主体内宿主——寄生虫相互联系

随着世行贷款项目在菲律宾和中国相继结束,用于血吸虫病监测和防治的资金将减少,该病的流行、感染强度和发病率可能回升,特别是那些较贫穷和偏远地区。目前日本血吸虫的感染模式已更趋局域化。在中国和菲律宾的中至高度传播地区的社区纵向研究提示,虽然每年的病例普查和用吡喹酮治疗降低了血吸虫病的流行率、感染强度和发病率,但日本血吸虫病仍呈稳定的低水平流行(15%～25%)。中国运用遥感和地理信息系统资料证明,随着80年代钉螺面积的扩大,人群血吸虫流行率也随之上升。国家调查资料显示,家畜的日本血吸虫病流行率为7%,水牛的流行率为9.6%…     

江汉平原钉螺螺情的时空变化及其精准防控分区探讨

江汉平原是我国血吸虫病最严重的疫区之一.经过60多年的防治,该区域血吸虫病疫情处于低度流行状态.但是血吸虫寄生的唯一中间宿主——钉螺的孳生环境仍然存在,钉螺面积总体下降不显著,血吸虫病疫情随时都有反弹的风险.为了巩固来之不易的血防成果,助力精准血防,该文以江汉平原为研究区,基于2013年至2017年的村级螺情及控螺措施数据,以螺情状况及动态、钉螺孳生环境和控螺状况等三个要素构建钉螺防控分区指标体系,利用二阶聚类的方法开展钉螺防控的地理区划及其防控等级的探讨研究.结果显示：江汉平原钉螺增减动态变化类型以“无变化”为主,其次是“减少或不变”和“增加或不变”;螺情、孳生环境和钉螺防控措施等要素指标具有空间异质性.江汉平原被分为3个一级分区和7个二级分区,分析了各分区螺情主要特征及其防控的态势,提出了降低螺情风险、整治有螺环境、加强防控力度等方面的防控建议,为制定精准防螺方案提供了新的思路和方法.     

湖区血吸虫病不同防控措施的效果分析

一、水改旱、水旱轮作技术钉螺是血吸虫唯一中间宿主,钉螺的孳生需要湿、肥、荫条件。疫区人民感染血吸虫病主要是在生产和生活中接触疫水而感染。四湖地区是水网型疫区,水系内外相通,上下游相连,钉螺由外河通过灌溉向水田扩散严重。在血吸虫病区的农村,过去种植业以水稻为主,60%左右的水田中有钉螺孳生。为了彻底改变水田内钉螺孳生的状况,解除人畜接触疫水的机会,在许多种植水稻的疫区都实行改种水田作物为旱地作物,成为控制钉螺蔓延、消灭血吸虫病、进行农业综合防治的一     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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