污染水体底泥原位钝化技术研究进展

针对目前在单纯控制河流与湖泊外源污染条件下,由底泥释放出来的内源污染物仍能导致水体发生再次污染及富营养化的现象,从污染水体底泥着手,提出一种生态、经济、快速和效果稳定的底泥污染控制技术,即原位钝化技术。该技术利用加入对底泥污染物具有钝化作用的钝化剂,经过沉淀、吸附等理化作用达到净化水体的目的,是一种高效的湖泊内源污染控制技术。系统阐述了原位钝化剂技术的工作原理与功能以及优点与不足,对比分析了铝盐、铁盐、钙盐钝化剂以及这3种钝化剂的相互组合及其与其他材料搭配形成的复合钝化剂(称之为组合钝化剂)的优缺点及应用条件,概述了国内外污染水体底泥原位钝化技术的应用现状,在此基础上提出了污染水体底泥原位钝化技术未来的重点研究方向:一方面是组合钝化剂的推广及应用,另一方面则是研发新型的钝化剂。     

湖泊底泥环境疏浚工程技

论述了湖泊污染底泥的环境疏浚工程技术,这是一项当今世界上崭新环保工程技术,作者根据国内湖泊环境疏浚第一例工程的经验和实践,提出了环境疏浚工程技术,包括该技术与工程疏浚技术的区别,疏浚方案的制定,适用机械的选型比较,以及泥浆的脱水干化,余水处理等,同时还提出了防止二次污染的各种技术和措施,为我国湖泊污染治理提供了一个有效的污染底泥疏浚技术。     

污染底泥原位覆盖控制技术研究进展

原位覆盖控制技术是一种新兴的污染底泥修复技术,它与传统的底泥修复技术相比具有较好的修复效果、更小的生态风险和更低廉的成本,引起了广泛的关注.针对原位覆盖控制技术的研究及应用情况进行概述,并就其在我国的应用前景进行分析.     

污染底泥原位覆盖控制技术研究进展

原位覆盖控制技术是一种新兴的污染底泥修复技术,它与传统的底泥修复技术相比具有较好的修复效果、更小的生态风险和更低廉的成本,引起了广泛的关注.针对原位覆盖控制技术的研究及应用情况进行概述,并就其在我国的应用前景进行分析.     

城市黑臭河道底泥生态疏浚技术进展

通过词研国内外生态疏浚技术最新的研究成果,从技术特点、技术流程、技术原理、技术参数、技术使用中存在的问题以及技术的应用前景等方面介绍了底泥生态疏浚技术的基本情况和国内外研究进展.开展共性技术集成研究,力求凝炼出适用于我国城市黑臭河道内源(底泥)污染异位处理的共性技术,为我国城市河道污染控制工程提供技术借鉴和参考.     

长江流域重点湖泊的富营养化及防治

 近几十年,湖泊富营养化问题严峻,限制了流域社会经济可持续发展。为实施长江大保护,修复长江生态环境,推动长江经济带可持续发展,沿程湖泊富营养化问题亟需解决。本文以长江水系沿程6个重点湖泊为对象,探讨其富营养化历史演变特征、成因及控制对策。结果表明,长江流域6个主要湖泊的富营养化指数在近几年基本呈逐渐降低趋势,富营养化程度得到进一步改善。富营养化成因复杂,外源输入与内源释放是其主要原因,湖泊形态与水文条件也起了辅助作用：6个湖泊都是浅水湖泊,且多为封闭或半封闭状态,利于营养物质积累与藻类生长。对于外源中工业和生活源输入,其控制措施相对成熟,通过扩建污水处理厂、提高污水处理率及完善配套管网建设等措施,可大大减少入湖营养物含量;而外源中的面源污染则需通过种植结构调整、平衡施肥、生态工程（湿地、塘等）防治。对于内源释放,其治理过程相对复杂,目前主要有底泥疏浚、沉积物氧化、化学沉淀、底泥覆盖、微生物制剂、生物浮床等多种物理化学生物方法。但不同湖泊因其物理化学条件差异,适用方法也不同,故各湖采取的内源控制技术有待进一步论证。控制湖泊内外源营养盐输入的同时,进行流域生态修复并保障治理与管理并重,才能确保湖泊富营养化治理的长期有效性。     

珠三角城市河涌疏浚底泥的去污染技术研究

城市河涌疏浚底泥的去污染技术是近年来的一个热点研究领域,并具有良好的开发应用前景。文中详细评述了疏浚底泥去污染技术的国内外研究现状及3类主要去污染方法。最后,提出了关于城市河涌尤其是珠三角城市河涌疏浚底泥的去污染处理技术还缺乏研究,是该研究领域的发展方向,并存在巨大的研究空间。     

南湖疏浚后底泥中氮、磷分布规律研究

为了解疏浚后南湖底泥中氮磷等营养元素的分布规律,选取湖泊周围及中心6处取样。通过实验测定底泥中总磷、总氮含量,发现：（1）在疏浚后,湖泊底泥中氮磷含量仍然很高,比大型浅水湖底泥中含量要高得多;（2）从水平分布来看,湖泊四周的氮、磷营养元素含量比湖中心处要高,且西部自北向南形成较高区域,、整个湖泊各监测点处总氮含量要比总磷含量高得多;（3）从垂直分布看,湖泊底泥中营养元素在表层下约100cm处达到最大值,总氮、总磷含量随深度的变化关系并不单一的增减。底泥疏浚时,需考虑合理的疏浚深度。     

富营养水体底泥原位控磷技术研究进展

原位控制技术是近年来发展较为迅速的针对内源磷释放的控制技术.文章综述了曝气、深层复氧、水力冲刷以及主动和被动原位覆盖技术对沉积物磷释放控制的研究进展,并对原位覆盖技术进行了重点探讨.主动原位覆盖技术由于其具有经济成本低、控制效果好、对环境影响小等优点而受到广泛应用,也是该领域今后发展的方向.     

原位覆盖对异龙湖底泥氮磷释放抑制效果的实验研究

底泥中埋藏的氮磷等营养物质二次释放作用是导致浅水湖泊富营养化难以根治的主要过程,因此,抑制底泥氮磷释放控制技术对于湖泊生态修复具有重要的现实意义.本研究以重度富营养高原浅水湖泊异龙湖为对象,通过开展为期36 d的底泥覆盖抑制氮磷释放试验,对比了生石灰+石膏(2∶1)、生石灰+石膏+红壤(2∶1∶1)、三氯化铁改性高岭土(1∶4)、无覆盖4种覆盖处理对氮磷释放的抑制效果,以期筛选出有效削减异龙湖内源负荷的覆盖材料与最优方案.试验结果表明：与无覆盖组相比,3种材料覆盖都可抑制底泥磷的释放,加入生石灰处理组的水体pH大幅上升,会破坏湖泊自然生境,不宜用于湖泊底泥生态修复;三氯化铁改性高岭土覆盖处理的抑磷效果达75.9%,可作为抑磷释放覆盖材料.同时相比无覆盖组,只有三氯化铁改性高岭土覆盖能抑制氮的释放,抑氮效果达64.1%,而其它两组处理对氮释放的抑制效果均不明显.因此,从抑制氮磷释放效果及其生态环境效应角度综合考虑,三氯化铁改性高岭土是最佳的覆盖材料,可为高原浅水富营养化湖泊的氮磷内源控制提供工程修复技术参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with