Survival and endogenous spleen colonies of irradiated mice after skin wounding and hydroxyurea treatment

Summary Wound trauma-induced survival from radiation may be related to increased mitosis in hematopoietic cells. This is supported by the cell cycle-dependent drug hydroxyurea, which 1. blocked survival of wounded mice injected 2 or 3 days after 900 rad and 2. reduced the number of endogenous CFU-s in wounded mice injected shortly before 700 rad.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ00018. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

Survival enhanced by skin-wound trauma in mice exposed to60Co radiation

Summary A 4%-body-surface skin wound given 24 h before exposure of mice to⁶⁰Co radiation raised the LD 50/30 from 825 to 975 rads, resulting in a dose reduction factor of 1.2. Enhanced survival of mice wounded before radiation was independent of extramedullary splenic myelocytopoiesis.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under research work unit 8324-60406. The views presented in this paper are those of the authors. No endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council.     

Local leukocyte mobilization in irradiated or cyclophosphamide-treated rats

Summary Sprague-Dawley rats made neutropenic by⁶⁰Co irradiation or cyclophosphamide treatment retained a limited capacity for mounting a local leukocyte mobilization (LLM) response. Rats irradiated with 700 rad⁶⁰Co lacked an LLM. Rats treated with 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide showed no LLM following an initial low response when assayed originally.We wish to thank Mr Dane Walden for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ 60212. The views presented in this paper are those of the authors. No endorsement of the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.     

Effect of azimexon (BM 12.531) on mouse granulocyte-macrophage and monocyte-macrophage progenitor cells

Summary Treatment of mice with 25 mg/kg azimexon (BM 12.531) resulted in an increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in spleen and bone marrow after a transient depression in the cell populations. Bone marrow monocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (MM-CFC) increased at 7 days after treatment, and splenic MM-CFC were least affected by azimexon treatment. The increase in granulocytic and monocytic colony-forming cells may play a role in the previously reported protection by azimexon against radiation and drug-induced toxicity.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ 00026.     

Potential for rat plague from nonencapsulated variants of the plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis)

Summary Potentials for oral and flea-borne transmission of nonencapsulatedY. pestis were demonstrated when 45% of rats that consumed infected meat died of plague and 22% of the rats that died of plague had bacteremia.The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the position of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense (para 4-3, AR 360-5).In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals; promulgated by the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council.     

Methyl cellosolve-induced sensitization of mice to bacterial endotoxin

Summary Treatment of mice with a sublethal dose of methyl cellosolve renders the animals 64-fold more sensitive to the toxic effects of bacterial endotoxin.Acknowledgments. I would like to thank Mr Larry Davis for his excellent technical assistance in these studies.This work was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Work Unit No. MF585240013.1026. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writer and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments conducted herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Resources, National Research Council.     

Failure of ascorbic acid to influence brain catecholamines in the guinea-pig

Summary Lack of dietary ascorbic acid lowered plasma levels of ascorbic acid but failed to change levels of brain norepinephrine or dopamine.Investigators adhered during the research described in this report to the policy set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by the Committee on Revision of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council.The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.     

Involvement of circadian system in photoperiodic control of pubertal development in female deer mice,Peromyscus maniculatus

Summary Pubertal development in female deer mice,Peromyscus maniculatus, was stimulated by exposure to light cycles of LD 168, LD 630 or LD 654, but not by exposure to cycles of LD 618 or LD 642. These results support the hypothesis that female deer mice use a circadian rhythm of responsiveness to light to measure photoperiodic time.This investigation was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant PCM 8116880 and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant CR809428010. H.U. is the recipient of Research Ca-reer Development Award 5 KO4 HD00276-02 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.     

(±)9, 10-dihydroxy-Δ 6a(10a)-tetrahydrocanabinol and (±)8, 9-dihydroxy-Δ 6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol: 2 new cannabinoids fromCannabis sativa L.

Summary The structures of 2 new polyhydroxylated cannabinoids, (±)9, 10-dihydroxy- ^6a(10a)-tetrahydorcannabinol and (±)8, 9-dihydroxy- ^6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol, obtained from a hexane extract of an IndianCannabis variant were determined by spectral means and correlation with cannabinol.Acknowledgments. Supported by contract No. HSM-42-70-109 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi. The authors are grateful to Mrs Glenda Lewis (Research Institute) for running the gas chromatographic analyses and to Mr C. Versluis (Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, University Of Utrecht, The Netherlands) for recording an element list of both compounds.Cannabis Herbarium specimens are stored in the herbarium, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.     

Lead potentiation of endotoxin lethality in rats: Lack of effect of kininase inhibition

Summary Although lead and SQ₂₀₈₈₁ are potent in vitro inhibitors of kininase II activity, SQ₂₀₈₈₁ does not alter the sensitivity of rats to endotoxin. These results indicate that marked changes in plasma kininase activity do not contribute to endotoxin morbility and that kininase inhibition is not the mechanism whereby lead ions sensitize rats to endotoxin.This investigation was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command, NNMC, Department of the Navy, Research Task No. MR041.20.01.0435. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author, and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large.The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 74-23.     

The influence of pH on the sex-related differences in renal organic ion transport

Summary The stimulating effects of elevated medium pH and androgen on in vitro transport of p-aminohippurate and N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) were additive, although the androgenic effect was pH-dependent only in the case of NMN. The similarity of response of the 2 systems supports the idea of a common passive efflux pathway for organic anions and cations.Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Task No. MS04101.0160. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 74-23.     

Host immune rejection of TA3 ascites carcinoma cells following administration of a water soluble carbodiimide

Summary Regression of TA3 ascites carcinoma tumors occurred following i.p. injection of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide\HCl. An immunological mechanism of drug action was indicated by the fact that no significant antitumor activity was demonstrable in mice that had previously received an immunosuppressive 700 rad dose of⁶⁰Co radiation.Research support received from United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract No. W-7405-eng-48 with the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.     

Shock effects onEuglena gracilis: The effect of the pressure duration

Résumé Les cultures d'Euglena gracilis ont été soumises à des chocs de 20 et 40 (1.21 et 2.41 kg/cm²). La pression engendrée par une pulsation durait de 25µsec, 4 et 10 sec. La durée de la pression servit de critère pour évaluer les effets des niveaux élevés du choc atmosphérique sur le photo-thermotropisme d'Euglena gracilis.

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This work was supported in part by funds from Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, through the U.S. Geological Survey, under A.R.P.A. Order No, 938. Special thanks are expressed to Dr. C. L.Newcombe of San Francisco State College, and Dr. T.Sh. Hansford of the Geological Survey for making this study possible.     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

Pancreatic islet cell damage in mice produced by coxsackie B1 and encephalomyocarditis viruses

Zusammenfassung In den -Zellen der Langerhans'schen Inseln des Pankreas wurden Viruskristalle von mit Encephalomyocarditis-Virus oder Coxsackie-B₁0Virus infizierten Mäusen gefunden. Die Inselzellen zeigten sowohl leichte als auch schwere Schädigung.

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Supported by grant HE-06769 from the National Heart and Lung Institute of the U.S. Public Health Service, the Rudolph Matas Memorial Fund for the Kate Prewitt Hess Laboratory, the Rowell A. Billups Fund for Research in Heart Disease and the Feazel Laboratory.     

Inhibition of tumor promotion by a lecanoric acid analogue

Summary 3, 5-Dichloro-2,4-dihydroxybenzanilide, an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, inhibited skin tumor promotion induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mice.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Miss H. Iwami for technical assistance and members of the Central Research Laboratory of Sanraku-Ocean Co., Ltd for supplying lecanoric acid analogues. This work was supported in part by the Grantsin-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.     

Cold exposure: Effects on hepatic tryptophan oxygenase and tyrosine aminotransferase,plasma tryptophan and tyrosine,and brain monoamines

Résumé L'exposition des souris à une basse temp'erature a abouti à la production rapide de tryptophane oxygénase et de tyrosine aminotransférase. Malgré l'augmentation de l'activité enzymatique, les niveaux plasmatiques de tryptophane et de tyrosine furent augmentés d'une manière significative pendant le temps de l'exposition. Les niveaux de norepinéphrine et de sérotonine du cerveau n'en ont cependant pas été affectés.

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Acknowledgment. The authors would like to thank Army SP'sM. Devine, T. Nielson, andG. Johnson for expert technical assistance.

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In counducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care, as promulgated by the Committee on the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Academy of Sciences — National Research Council.     

Isotope effect studies on the dehydrogenation of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat

Summary Isotope effect studies on the metabolic dehydrogenation of ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats are described and its is shown that this process is confined to a very short period following i.v. administration. The implications of this finding are discussed.The authors are grateful for generous fifts of³H-¹-THC from Dr S. Burstein (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Massachusetts), and of¹⁴C-¹-THC from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The authors thank the staff of the Small Animal Unit, Wallaceville Research Centre for their cooperation, and the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse for their support.     

Morphological changes in the rabbit appendix following thymic transplants

Zusammenfassung Es wird nach Transplantation von homologem Thymusgewebe in den Blinddarm beim Kaninchen eine Proliferation des retikulären Gewebes erzeugt, was der Reaktion auf Gammaglobulin sehr ähnlich ist.

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In conducting the research reported herein, the investigators adhered to Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care established by the Committee on the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, NAS-NRC.     

Suppressed collagenolytic activity in polymorphonuclear leucocytes from diabetic humans

Summary Extracts of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) from diabetic human exhibited less collagenolytic activity than extracts from normoglycemic control subjects. Partially purified control extracts produced ^A and ^B collagen breakdown products of the type generated by mammalian collagenase; the diabetic preparation produced decreased amounts of the same products. The diabetic PMNLs may synthesize abnormally low levels of collagenase or contain inactive forms of this enzyme.Supported by a grant (No. DE-03987) from the National Institute of Dental Research (N.I.H.), USA. This study forms part of the Ph.D. thesis of G.A. Nicoll.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Ms Salema Karim and Mr F.R. Singh for excellent technical assistance.