毛白杨4CL基因启动子的克隆及初步功能分析

4CL(4-coumarate:CoA ligase,4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶)在植物木质素合成途径中催化羟基香豆酸生成羟基肉桂酰CoA,主要在木质部中表达,对植物木质素生物合成具重要调控作用.为研究4CL基因启动子在转基因植物中的表达特性,探索其在植物基因工程研究中的潜在应用价值,利用PCR方法从毛白杨基因组DNA中扩增得到了4CL启动子片段.序列分析表明与美洲山杨(P.tremuloids)的4CL启动子同源性为95%.采用生物信息学方法对该序列进行分析.与GUS基因融合构建双元表达载体,转化烟草的瞬时表达检测可见明显GUS活性.     

杂交鹅掌楸LhARF2基因启动子的克隆及瞬时表达分析

生长素响应因子(Auxin response factor, ARF)参与调控植物生长发育的多个途径。本研究利用Tail-PCR技术从杂交鹅掌楸中克隆LhARF2基因5′端上游2 637 bp序列,即pLhARF2启动子,并利用生物信息学软件PlantCARE分析其包含的调控元件,发现其含有启动子必需元件TATA-box和CAAT-box,以及压力响应、激素响应、光信号转导和代谢循环过程元件。构建pLhARF2-pCAMBIA1300:GUS植物表达载体并瞬时浸染本氏烟草叶片,利用GUS组织化学染色法鉴定烟草叶片中瞬时表达活性,发现在烟草叶片中有蓝色斑块,但颜色较浅。实验结果推测杂交鹅掌楸pLhARF2启动子可以调控GUS基因活性,为下一步研究启动子遗传转化的组织表达活性奠定了基础。     

麻疯树异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶基因(IPI)启动子的克隆及瞬时表达分析

本文以麻疯树基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到麻疯树异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶(IPI)基因(JcIPI)起始密码子上游1 536bp的启动子序列.利用在线软件PLACE和PlantCARE分析表明该序列除具备TATA-Box、CAAT-Box等启动子基本元件外,还含有AuxRR-core、TATC-box、MBS、HSE等特异性元件.为确定启动子核心启动区域,构建JcIPI启动子283、550、970、1 276和1 536bp的5′端缺失片段,并将其分别驱动pBI121载体的葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因,构建植物表达载体.采用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,在烟草叶片中进行瞬时表达分析.GUS酶活测定结果显示,五个启动子缺失片段都具有启动子活性,并随长度增加而增强.     

水稻OsGASR4基因及其启动子的克隆与表达分析

对前期克隆的水稻GAST基因家族新成员OsGASR4开展研究,利用DNAMAN软件分析水稻OsGASR4进化树;检测GA处理野生型和d 18水稻突变体后OsGASR4表达变化;利用RT PCR方法分析该基因的时空表达特性;克隆了该基因上游长约2 082 bp调控序列,并利用网络工具预测启动子顺式作用元件,构建OsGASR4启动子GUS融合表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化.结果表明:OsGASR4蛋白具有典型的GASA保守结构域,启动子里含有多个与激素响应元件、光诱导相关元件以及逆境胁迫响应元件;GA_3处理降低了OsGASR4转录水平;RT PCR检测和GUS染色的结果表明,OsGASR4在水稻茎和幼穗的表达量相对较高.表明OsGASR4可能作为GA信号途径的抑制因子参与水稻茎和穗的早期发育.     

拟南芥糖基转移酶基因UGT71C5启动子的克隆和功能分析

通过PCR扩增,从拟南芥中克隆到长度为903 bp的UGT71C5基因启动子,并构建了此种启动子与GUS嵌合的重组载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,得到转基因拟南芥,并且通过启动子分析软件对全序列进行分析,发现在该段序列中含有典型的TATA-box、CAAT-box和光应答元件GT1、干旱应答元件ERD等一些顺式作用元件.利用分光光度法测定转基因植株在光照、干旱和ABA等胁迫处理下的GUS酶活力,结果表明：转基因植株的GUS酶活力介于野生型和35S阳性对照之间,与正常条件下生长的转基因植物相比,光照处理     

水稻花粉特异性启动子的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从水稻幼苗总DNA中扩增并克隆了一段DNA片段。将该片段与报告基因GUS基因融合,构成植物表达载体。经农杆菌转化烟草萌发花粉,共培养约24h后,作瞬时表达检测。结果表明,该克隆片段具有启动子功能。DNA序列分析表明,该克隆片段长度为526bp,含有TATA盒及CAAT盒。与原基因（PSI）启动子序列比较,同源性为52％。部分顺式调控元件相同。     

拟南芥逆境诱导型启动子rd29A的克隆及活性检测

以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,通过特异PCR扩增,克隆逆境诱导表达启动子rd29A。序列分析表明,该启动子与NCBI上已报道rd29A的启动子有9964%的同源性,其序列含有干旱诱导表达元件DRE和ABA作用元件ABRE等顺式作用元件。用rd29A启动子替换pBI121载体上的35S启动子构建新的载体pBrd-GUS,并以农杆菌介导法将其转入烟草。转基因烟草的GUS组织化学染色及PCR分析结果表明,在低温、干旱及高盐等胁迫诱导下,rd29A启动子可增强GUS基因表达,因此,rd29A启动子可应用于植物抗逆基因工程研究。     

苦瓜McAG2启动子的克隆与表达研究

文中从苦瓜基因组中克隆得到长为1417 bp的McAG2基因5′上游片段并进行了DNA序列分析.通过PCR得到了其缺失片段,将其插入pBI121载体替换CaMV35S启动子,得到了McAG2基因5′侧翼缺失表达载体.并利用农杆菌介导转化烟草,建立了相应的转基因烟草植株,以研究其在不同器官组织中的表达特性. β-glucuronidase(GUS)染色结果显示该启动子在转基因烟草叶片和根组织中没有表达活性.     

白桦BpMYB2基因及其启动子克隆、表达分析

克隆了1条白桦MYB转录因子基因,命名为BpMYB2。实时定量PCR分析表明BpMYB2基因在白桦不同器官和组织内的表达量不同,在直立木木质部中表达量最高,其次是人工弯曲处理2周的对应木、应拉木、花序,在叶和芽中表达量极低; 利用染色体步移技术,获得长度为1 284 bp的启动子序列。启动子进行PLACE分析发现,序列中含有TATA box、ARR1AT、WRKY71OS等元件。构建了由BpMYB2启动子驱动GUS报告基因在植物中的表达载体,命名为BpMYB2-1301,利用农杆菌介导法瞬时转化白桦幼苗,并进行组织化学染色。结果表明:BpMYB2的启动子具有启动子活性,能够驱动GUS基因在白桦中表达; GUS瞬时表达信号在茎、叶柄中较强,在叶片中较弱,说明BpMYB2基因与白桦木质部发育相关。     

非生物胁迫下小麦TaGAPCp1基因启动子的功能分析

探究质体形式的GAPCp (Plastidial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)基因启动子响应干旱、盐和外源ABA等非生物胁迫的机理.首先从中国春小麦中克隆得到TaGAPCp1基因上游1 985 bp的核苷酸序列,经Plant CARE数据库分析表明,该启动子含有众多防御和逆境响应元件(defense and stress-responsive ele-ments,DSREs),激素响应元件(hormone-responsive elements,HREs)和光响应元件(light-responsive ele-ments,LREs).从小麦数据库下载Ta GAPCp亚家族基因启动子序列,序列对比分析表明,该亚家族成员启动子上功能元件种类相近但数量相差较大.构建含TaGAPCp1基因启动子的表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草并进行ABA (100μmol·L~(-1))、PEG8000 (20%)、Na Cl (250 mmol·L~(-1))和4℃低温处理,组织化学染色显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能驱动GUS基因的表达但活性明显低于Ca MV35S,GUS活性分析显示TaGAPCp1基因启动子能响应非生物胁迫.通过农杆菌介导的浸花法转化拟南芥,经潮霉素和羧苄青霉素筛选及叶片PCR检测,最终获得稳定遗传的转基因拟南芥20株,并得知转基因拟南芥中的GUS基因能被干旱胁迫显著诱导表达.     

cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

GRP1.8融合4CL1基因调控杨树木质素生物合成

将形成层定位启动子GRP1.8与毛白杨的4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶基因融合,叶盘法转化毛白杨741,southern杂交检测表明融合基因已经整合到转基因杨树的基因组中.通过实时定量PCR技术测定mRNA的表达量,GC-MS分析4CL底物香豆酸的含量和定量硫酸木质素含量,分析了4CL基因的过量表达对转基因杨树生理生长的影响.实验结果表明,整合了正义4CL1的转基因植株在茎中的酶活性比野生植株增加了30%,木质素含量增加了40%.     

Obtaining the transgenic poplars with low lignin content through down-regulation of 4CL

The antisense 4CL (4-coumarate: CoA ligase)gene was transformed into triploid Chinese white poplar(Populus tomentosa) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.PCR and Southern blot analysis indicated that antisense 4CLgene had been integrated into the genome of the transgenicChinese white poplars. The antisense gene had also beenexpressed, which was indicated by RT-PCR and Westernanalysis. Klason lignin content assay showed that repressionof 4CL expression could result in remarkable reduction oflignin content in transgenic poplars, with most reduction of 41.73% compared with that of wild type in this paper. Butthere is no significant difference in holocellulose content be-tween trans- genic and wild poplars. We considered that 4CLmight not be the metabolism control point between ligninand carbohy- drate biosynthesis. The stems of transgenicpoplars displayed red-brown color with different levels afterthe bark was peeled, while those of untransformed plantswere white. No visible differences in growth and developmentwere observed between transgenic and wild plants. Wiesnerreaction analysis of the transgenic plant stems with reducedlignin content exhibited red color, while that of untrans-formed plant was typically purple-red.     

重组毛白杨4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶催化不同肉桂酸衍生物的酶促动力学研究

4-香豆酸:辅酶A连接酶是杨树木质素合成途径的关键酶之一,催化维管植物木质素合成羟基肉桂酸及其衍生物辅酶A酯化合物的形成.对毛白杨的重组Pt4CL1蛋白的不同肉桂酸衍生物底物的酶促动力学进行了分析,Pt4CL1对肉桂酸、4-香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸具有催化活性,其中的4-香豆酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸,Km(μM)值分别为55.02±3.5、52.94±6、44.62±4,Vmax(nM.S-1)值分别为4.23±0.27、4.12±0.11、2.16±0.07;4-香豆酸,咖啡酸,阿魏酸的Kcat(S-1)值分别为44.73×10-3、43.57×10-3、7.61×10-3;对4-香豆酸,咖啡酸,阿魏酸的Kenz(M-1.S-1)值分别为823、812.98、170.55.Pt4CL1对肉桂酸的催化能力很弱,而对芥子酸没有催化活性.结果表明,Pt4CL1对4-香豆酸的催化效率最高,对咖啡酸的催化效率略低于4-香豆酸,而对阿魏酸的催化效率最低,对咖啡酸的催化效率略有很高的转化效率.     

GCC box in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis PDF1.2</Emphasis> promoter is an essential and sufficient cis-acting element in response to MeJA treatment

The expression of Arabidopsis PDF1.2 gene isregulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). It also has been well documented that GCC box is an element responsive to ET, however, the responsive mechanism of JA in such plant defense gene expression is unclear. In this paper, the authors define the essential cis-acting element in PDF1.2 promoter responsive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) through fragment deletions and site-directed mutageneses combiningAgrobacterium-mediated transient reporter gene expression in tobacco leaves. Firstly, the MeJA inducible expression o fPDF1.2 was confirmed by using the upstream -1.86 kb fragment of PDFI.2 gene. Secondly, the upstream -300— -243 bp fragment of the promoter was evidenced to respond to MeJA. To further characterize this promoter region, three point mutations were introduced into the -300— -243 bp fragment of the promoter. This result showed that the mutation of GCC box abolished MeJA induction, whereas the mutations of the G box-like and the imperfect palindrome sequence did not significantly decrease MeJA inducible effect, indicating that GCC box in PDFI.2 is essential for MeJA induction. The sufficient responsiveness to MeJA of this GCC box was further investigated by 4xGCC fused upstream to the CaMV 35S minimal promoter. This result suggested that the fused promoter was able to activate reporter gene expression in response to MeJA. Thus these results indicate that the GCC box in PDFI.2 is an essential and sufficient element to confer MeJA induction.     

Cloning and Characterization of Gene Promoters from Bacillus pumilus

DNA fragments obtained from Sau3AI partially digested total DNA of Bacillus pumilus UN31-C-42 are first inserted into BamHI site of pSUPV4, a promoter-probe vector. The recombinant DNA molecules are transformed into Escherichia coli cells and eight-three Kanr clones (named pSUBp1-pSUBp83) are obtained. The inserted fragments in pSUBp53, pSUBp57, pSUBp21, which showed high level of kanamycin- resistance, are sequenced and analyzed, respectively. These fragments contain some con-served sequences of prokaryotic gene promoters, such as TATAAT and TIGACA box. The promoter frag-ment Bp53 could efficiently promote the alkaline protease gene of B. pumilus expression not only in E.coli but also in B. subtilis cells.     

棒状杆菌表达载体pJL23的构建

质粒ｐＧＡ４６－４带有从谷氨酸棒杆菌染色体上分离到的有启动功能的片段,用ＰＣＲ技术从ｐＧＡ４６－４中扩增了该片段的关键区域;启动子ＰＧＬ,将该启动子经ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＢａｍＨ Ⅰ双酶切后,与大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１的ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＢａｍＨⅠ大片段连接,再接入Ｘｙｌ Ｅ ｇｅｎｅ和棒状杆菌质粒ｐＸＺ１０１４２,构建成棒状杆菌－大肠杆菌穿梭表达载体ｐＪＬ２３。用邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因检测表明,该表达载体可在棒状