中国东部海区bGDGTs的含量分布及其与环境因子的关系

【目的】近海是接受陆源输入的主要地带,沉积物中的有机质有可能记录了流域环境与气候变化的信息。本文以中国东部海区表层沉积物中陆源细菌来源的支链类甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂(branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,bGDGTs)为研究对象,分析其作为流域环境与气候变化指标的可行性。【方法】使用高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS)分析海域表层沉积物中bGDGTs的含量和分布,并进一步统计分析其与环境因子的关系。【结果】中国东部海区沉积物中bGDGTs的绝对含量呈现出区块状分布,在东海基本上随离岸距离的增加而降低,而在南黄海最高值出现在南黄海中心泥质区。支链和类异戊二烯指数(BIT)值除在长江口外上升流区外,基本呈现出随离岸距离的增加而降低的趋势。【结论】bGDGTs主要来源于陆源输入;有机质主要富存于细颗粒沉积物,且有海洋自生bGDGTs的贡献;相对于陆源输入,海洋自生bGDGTs以环状为主;除特殊环境,BIT仍可以作为衡量陆源输入相对多寡的指标;东部海区沉积物中的甲基化指数/环化指数(MBT/CBT)不能作为构建流域古气候变化的指标。     

南黄海如东近岸海域的沉积物特征与输运趋势

2003年在南黄海如东近岸海域获取了表层底质样397个,进行粒度分析,获取粒度参数．分析结果表明,如东近岸海域的表层沉积物以砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂为主,其物源主要是古长江残留物质,受现代水动力作用改造并掺混一定数量的现代长江入海物质和江苏沿岸侵蚀的物质．采用粒径趋势进行分析,发现该海域深槽中的沉积物主要向外海输运,但在中部海洋沙、太阳沙以西存在一个沉积物汇聚中心．     

南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素的分布规律及其环境意义

【目的】研究南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素的分布规律及其影响因素。【方法】通过测定南黄海82个站位表层沉积物样品中生源要素的含量及表层沉积物的平均粒径,分析研究区表层沉积物中生源要素和沉积物粒径的分布特征,并从表层沉积物中有机质来源、沉积物粒度、水动力作用和环境等因素探讨其对生源要素分布的影响。【结果】南黄海表层沉积物中生源要素总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及总磷(TP)的含量与平均粒径存在显著的相关关系,近岸沉积物粒度较大,对应生源要素的含量较低,在南黄海中部海区的沉积物粒度较细,各生源要素的含量较高。【结论】表层沉积物的粒度是影响生源要素含量分布的主要因素,即粒度越细,表层沉积物中生源要素含量越高。同时,有机质来源和水动力作用在一定程度上也影响和控制着表层沉积物粒度及生源要素的分布。生源要素TP分别与TOC、TN之间相对较弱的相关关系和近岸河口等地生源要素的高值表明,可能存在其他外部环境因素也会对其含量造成影响。     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

Trend analysis of sediment grain size and sedimentary process in the central South Yellow Sea

With the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size, the sediment transport trend of the fine-grained sediments area in the central South Yellow Sea was studied. The results demonstrated that there is a sedimentation center around the point of 123.4°E, 35.1°N, and the sediments outside the center are transported to it. The patterns of sediment transportation and deposition in the Yellow Sea should be controlled by cyclonic circulation (including the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass) and cold water gyre. The study also showed that the method of trend analysis of sediment grain size has prospective utilization in the fine-grained sediment deposited area on large-scale continental shelf.     

基于自组织竞争网络的黄河和长江物源判别

利用黄河和长江在地质历史时期的沉积物与现代黄河长江沉积物应具有一定的相似性这一原理,＂将今论古＂,以现代黄河和长江入海沉积物中部分常量元素的百分含量作为基准数据建立自组织竞争网络,对来自不同时代的黄河和长江的沉积物进行判别和验证,可靠性达到94.4%,并规定了其相应置信度下的置信区间.以此为基础,对南黄海NT2孔的物质来源进行了判别,结果表明钻孔中0～19.36m、28.07～52.88m深度范围内的沉积物为长江沉积物,19.36～28.07m、52.88～70.28m深度范围内以及表层沉积物为黄河沉积物.     

九龙江口红树林湿地沉积物中有机碳和氮的分布特征及来源辨析

【目的】探讨九龙江口红树林湿地沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的影响因素及来源,加深对红树林湿地中碳和氮的生物地球化学过程的认识。【方法】测定九龙江口红树林湿地表层沉积物粒度、TOC和TN含量,并对其分布特征进行分析。利用TOC/TN比值分析有机质来源及不同来源的贡献率。【结果】九龙江口红树林湿地沉积物中TOC和TN的含量分别为1.24%~3.81%和1.19~2.05mg/g,TOC/TN比值为11.6~26.3,TOC、TN含量和TOC/TN的平面分布均呈现出由陆向海方向逐渐降低的趋势。沉积物中TOC和TN含量没有表现出明显的粒度效应。【结论】控制沉积物中TOC和TN含量分布的主要因素并不是粒度效应,而可能是其来源。沉积物中TOC和TN的主要来源可能是红树林植物碎屑、养殖废水输入的有机碳和氮污染,以及海洋浮游植物碎屑。     

江苏岸外海底沙脊群的物质来源

本文通过对江苏岸外海底沙脊群的沉积物的粒度、矿物和孢粉以及沉积结构、构造的分析研究,并与苏北废黄河水下三角洲、古长江水下三角洲、现代长江水下三角洲以及长江三角洲平原第四纪地层的沉积物的对比分析,指出江苏岸外海底沙脊群的沉积物主要是晚更新世冰期古长江入海的物质。     

江苏沿海沙脊群表层沉积物Pb同位素特征及对物源的指示

为进一步查明江苏沿海沙脊群沉积物的来源,分析了该区域沉积物酸不溶组分Pb同位素特征。结果表明,远岸沙脊群陆向区域沉积物Pb同位素比值与近岸沙脊群相似,暗示其在潮波作用下有向岸运移的趋势。铅-钕同位素分析揭示长江及周边河流沉积物在长江冲淡水和东海沿岸流作用下输移至远岸沙脊群海向区域。在苏北沿岸流作用下,老黄河三角洲沉积物输入对近岸沙脊群及远岸沙脊群陆向区域有影响;相反,诸如现代黄河口、济州岛和韩国河流等地沉积物输入对江苏沿海沙脊群的影响较弱。     

Preservation of black carbon in the shelf sediments of the East China Sea

Concentrations and carbon isotopic(14C,13C) compositions of black carbon(BC) were measured for three sediment cores collected from the Changjiang River estuary and the shelf of the East China Sea. BC concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.14 mg/g(dry weight) ,and accounted for 5% to 26% of the sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC) pool. Among the three sediment cores collected at each site,sediment from the Changjiang River estuary had relatively high BC contents compared with the sedi-ments from the East China Sea shelf,suggesting that the Changjiang River discharge played an im-portant role in the delivery of BC to the coastal region. Radiocarbon measurements indicate that the ages of BC are in the range of 6910 to 12250 years old B.P.(before present) ,that is in general,3700 to 9000 years older than the 14C ages of TOC in the sediments. These variable radiocarbon ages suggest that the BC preserved in the sediments was derived from the products of both biomass fire and fossil fuel combustion,as well as from ancient rock weathering. Based on an isotopic mass balance model,we calculated that fossil fuel combustion contributed most(60%―80%) of the BC preserved in these sediments and varied with depth and locations. The deposition and burial of this "slow-cycling" BC in the sediments of the East China Sea shelf represent a significant pool of carbon sink and could greatly influence carbon cycling in the region.     

Magnetostratigraphy of borehole EY02-2 in the southern Yellow Sea and its paleoenvironmental significance

Various media are used for the study of paleoenvi- ronment. Among them, ice-core, loess and marine sediments are the most important for long time re- cording[1]. In all kinds of researches of paleoenviron- ment, age determination of the sediments is the m…     

Nd isotopic variations and its implications in the recent sediments from the northern South China Sea

The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns in recent sediments from the northern South China Sea and surrounding areas are similar, with the HREE values being almost equal to or slightly higher, and the La_N/Lu_N ratio being lower, than PAAS standards. However, samples from the Xijiang River, a major branch of the Pearl River system, show opposite trends, i.e., with slightly lower HREE values and higher La_N/Lu_N ratio than PAAS. The distribution of Nd isotopes in sediments from the northern South China Sea was controlled by the Pearl River and the inshore area of South China, respectively. The volume of ε_Nd(0) from inshore areas of southern China is apparently higher than that from the Pearl River, and ε_Nd(0) values in offshore sediments and Taiwan Island are between these values. The results clearly show that ε_Nd(0) volume in the northeastern South China Sea is higher than in the southwest part of the northern South China Sea, indicating different source rock types. The main source rock of the Pearl River sediment is carbonate types and affects sediment deposition in the southwest of the northern South China Sea, while the source rock in the inshore area of southern China, mainly Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites, contributes to sediments in the northeastern area of the northern South China Sea. Due to different source rock types, the HREE values and the volume of ε_Nd(0) in recent sediments supplied by the inshore area of southern China are higher than those from the Pearl River. Over 80% of the rapidly accumulated sediments on the northern slope of the South China Sea in the southeast of Dongsha Islands area were derived from Taiwan Island and from inshore areas of South China, with only less than 20% from the Pearl River. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40276019, 40238060 and 40621063), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB819501)     

中全新世以来东海内陆架泥质沉积物来源

利用判别函数、Eu异常与稀土元素总量关系(δEuN-ΣREEs)图解以及物源定量识别方法,对位于浙闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔常微量、稀土元素地球化学进行分析,利用14C测量加速器质谱仪(AMS14C)进行年龄测定,探讨东海内陆架EC2005孔泥质沉积物来源。结果表明:EC2005孔泥质沉积物主要来源于长江,其平均贡献量为93.7%,没有识别出黄河物质;历史时期黄河物质可以影响到29°N甚至于更为偏南的区域(南界为27°25’N),台湾海峡西北部则可以接受台湾物质的输入;浙闽沿岸泥质区物质来源具有一定的复杂性,值得进一步深入研究。     

对黄河泥沙与水质关系的研究——回顾及展望

黄河是世界上罕见的多泥沙河流,泥沙与水相互作用对黄河水质产生显著影响。根据以往研究工作,对黄河泥沙与水质的关系问题作全面的总结评述和展望,着重于4个问题：（1）黄河泥沙对污染物行为的影响;（2）黄河泥沙中的天然有机质与黄河耗氧有机物水质参数的关系和对污染评价的影响;（3）黄河泥沙中的本底量重金属与黄河重金属水质参数的关系和对污染评价的影响;（4）黄河泥沙中的碳酸盐对水质和对水质监测研究的影响。     

基于颜色复杂度和结构张量的恰可察觉失真模型

图像的恰可察觉失真(just noticeable distortion, JND)阈值是指人眼能够察觉的最小失真, 通常被用于去除图像/视频压缩中的视觉冗余. 针对 JND 模型对颜色和结构特征利用不充分的问题, 提出了一种基于颜色复杂度和结构张量的 JND 模型. 首先, 计算图像的颜色复杂度, 将其转换为与视觉敏感度相关的权值, 和对比掩蔽模型结合以提升模型的准确性; 然后, 利用结构张量对局部特征进行表示, 建立基于局部结构特征的调制因子, 估计结构不规则区域的视觉冗余程度; 最后, 将基于颜色复杂度的 JND 模型和基于结构张量的调制因子结合, 建立基于颜色复杂度和结构张量的 JND(complexity structure tensor based JND, CSJND)模型. 实验结果表明, 相比于已有的模型, 该模型在主观感知质量相同的前提下, 能使 PSNR 值明显降低; 该模型更加符合人眼的视觉特性, 能更准确地估计出 JND 阈值.     

Reconstruction of surface ocean water <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>(aq) in Nansha area,the South China Sea during the last 30 ka

The reconstruction of pCO2 in the tropic ocean is one of the most important issues to understand global climatic changes.In this study,the high-resolution stratigraphic analysis of core 17962 was conducted,which is Iocated in the southern South China Sea(SCS).The contents of sedimentary organic matter,the stable carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter,and the δ^13C values of black carbon and terrigenons n-alkanes were determined.And the δ^13Cwc value of carbon derived from aquatic was calculated.On the basis of δ^13Corg-pCO2equation proposed by Popp et al.(1989),we estimated the pCO2 in the Nansha area,SCS,since the last glaciation using δ^13Cwc instead of δ^13Corg.The results show that the average pCO2 was estimated at 240 ppm V during the last glaciation,and at 320ppm V in the Holocene.A comparison of surface sea pCO2 with the atmosphere CO2 recorded in the Vostok ice core,indicates that CO2 in surface water of the southern SCS could emit into atmosphere during the last 30ka.     

深圳市大沙河底泥毒物污染特征及对策探讨

运用生物毒性监测方法，对深圳市南山区大沙河底泥毒物污染特征进行了分析，结果表明，大沙河底泥不同程度的受到了毒物污染，底泥毒物污染趋势与水体毒物污染趋势基本一致；还结合化学监测方法，分析了大沙河底泥毒物主要为有机毒物．此外，就大沙河底泥毒物的治理方法提出了自己的见解．     

Tracing the life history of a marginal sea—On “The South China Sea Deep” Research Program

The Major Research Program "Deep Sea Processes and Evolution of the South China Sea", or "The South China Sea Deep", launched in January 2011 by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, is the first large-scale basic-research program in ocean science in the country aiming to reconstruct the life history of a marginal sea. The overall scientific objective of the program is to dissect this typical marginal sea by studying its history of evolution and its modern processes, including the following three major components:(1) Development of the deep basin:utilizing new techniques to re-measure magnetic anomaly lineations, to explore the deep tectonic features, to drill the oceanic crust, and to study volcanic seamount chains; (2) deep-water sediments: observing the modern processes to reveal the patterns of deep-water circulations and sedimentation, analyzing deep-sea sediments to recognize paleoceanographic response to basin evolution, and subsequently to bridge the modern and paleo-studies of the deep-sea processes; and (3) biogeochemical processes:using a variety of techniques including deploying submarine observation and deep-water diving device to investigate the distribution patterns and environmental impacts of deepwater seepages and sub-bottom circulation, and to reveal the role of microbes in deep-sea carbon cycling. As compared with the open ocean and other marginal seas, the South China Sea enjoys many more advantages as a marine basin for reconstructing the life history. Meanwhile, the South China Sea Deep Program provides unique opportunities in studying the evolution and variations of the sea-land interactions between the Pacific and Asia.     

Magnetic properties of different grain-sized particles of sediments from the Okinawa Trough and their relationships to sedimentary environment

Multiple magnetic parameters were measured for nine different grain-sized fractions separated from the sediment samples that are representatives of four different sedimentary environments of the Okinawa Trough. Based on the measured results, the contributions of different grain-sized particles to total magnetic susceptibility of bulk sediments, the magnetic mineral assemblage and magnetic domain state as well as their relationships to sedimentary environment were discussed. Our research shows that the magnetic mineral is dominated by magnetite with a small amount of hematite and is primarily in pseudo-single-domain state. That indicates that the different sedimentary environments in the Okinawa Trough have certain correlation in material provenance. The magnetic minerals enrich in different grain-sized particles in response to different sedimentary environments. The contribution of the grain sizes from coarse to fine to coarse and fine to the magnetic susceptibility from the west to the east is in accordance with terrigenous material transportation from continental shelf of the East China Sea to the Okinawa Trough. It also shows difference in magnetic properties as a result of some environmental factors.     

The spatial distribution and sedimentary processes of organic matter in surface sediments of Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau

In this study,67 surface sediment samples collected from Nam Co in central Tibet were analyzed for total carbon,total organic carbon and total nitrogen,and 51 of these samples were also analyzed for n-alkanes.The origin and spatial distribution of organic matter were then investigated using these proxies,and the control factors responsible for the spatial distribution patterns and paleolimnological significance were discussed.The results indicated that the origin of organic matter in surface sediment of Nam Co is consistent with the sources of n-alkanes,which were primarily submerged plants,followed by terrestrial plants,and then aquatic algae and bacteria.The organic matter in surface sediments of the lake showed typical spatial variability.Because of the great influence of underwater topography,river inputs and water quality,the spatial distribution of organic matter is enriched from the source to the deposit center.This spatial variability of organic matter in the lake indicates that the sediments in different areas have different sensitivities to environmental changes,which is important to reconstruction of paleoenvironments and paleoclimate using lake sediment cores.