衬底温度对射频溅射a—Ge：H薄膜光电性能的影响

本工作用射频溅射法制备出非晶和微晶锗氢膜（ａ－Ｇｅ：Ｈ和μｃ－Ｇｅ：Ｈ）。研究了衬底温度对薄膜光学、电学及结构性能的影响。结果表明：衬底温度Ｔｓ＜２９０℃，沉积出ａ－Ｇｅ：Ｈ膜；Ｔｓ≥２９０℃沉积出μｃ－Ｇｅ：Ｈ膜。其结构、光电性能均当Ｔｓ≥２９０℃时有明显的变化。     

PECVD法低温制备微晶硅薄膜的晶化控制

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法在玻璃衬底上低温制备了微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜。利用拉曼(Raman)散射谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了H2稀释、衬底温度、射频功率等对薄膜晶化的影响。研究结果表明,当H2稀释比从95%升高到99%、衬底温度从200℃逐渐升高到400℃、硅膜的晶化率逐渐提高,结构逐渐由非晶向微晶转变,射频功率对薄膜晶化的影响有一最优值。     

超薄Pd-Cu/Al_2O_3合金膜的透氢性能

以多孔Al2O3陶瓷管为基体,采用化学镀法分步沉积Pd和Cu金属层,再经高温合金化处理,制备组分不同的Pd-Cu合金膜,膜厚均约为4μm.研究合金膜在100~650℃范围内的透氢性能,考察温度和膜组成对透氢性能的影响.结果表明:H2在膜表面的扩散过程是H2渗透速率的主要控制步骤;温度对膜透氢性能的影响规律因膜组成而异,这可能与合金膜在不同组成、不同温度条件下所呈现的晶相结构有关.     

Al掺杂量和衬底温度对ALD沉积的ZnMgO:Al薄膜的影响

ZnMgO∶Al具有近紫外透明导电薄膜的应用潜力.使用原子层沉积(ALD)制备了ZnMgO∶Al薄膜,研究了Al掺杂量和衬底温度对ZnMgO∶Al薄膜的物相和光电性能的影响.研究结果表明,在较高Mg含量下,Al重掺杂(>5%)将破坏ZnMgO∶Al的结晶性,迅速恶化其电学性能.ZnMgO∶Al的光学性质对衬底温度不敏感,但较高的衬底温度(210℃)能大幅改善薄膜的导电性.     

a-Si∶H/a-Ge∶H超晶格的电学特性研究

测量了反应溅射 a-Si∶H/a-Ge∶H 超晶格的平行电导和垂直电导,研究了超晶格的结构和输运机理;实验观察到了强场下垂直电导的指数增强效应,得到阱层 a-Ge∶H 的深隙态密度N_g=1.9×10~(18)cm~(-3)·ev~(-1).对实验结果作了初步讨论.     

a—Si_(1-X)C_X∶H 钝化膜热稳定性的研究

采用外耦合电容式射频辉光放电等离子体 CVD 系统,在低于300℃的衬底温度下,制备出了 a—Si(1-x)C_x∶H 钝化膜.对含碳量不同的3种样品作了热稳定性实验(即高温存放、温度循环和退火).另外,还对同一号样品做了在不同温度下退火30min 的实验.结果表明,此钝化膜的释氢温度高于600℃.具有很好的热稳定性.     

气体循环条件下等离子体喷射CVD金刚石膜的生长稳定性和品质

在气体循环条件下采用H2、CH4和Ar的混合气体,利用100kW直流电弧等离子喷射CVD系统,在850和950℃下在Mo衬底上沉积了不同厚度的金刚石膜;并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱对膜的形貌、品质、取向和残余应力进行了分析.结果表明:在850℃下,随着金刚石膜厚度的增加,膜的品质不断提高,残余应力逐渐减小,且残余应力为拉应力,膜的生长稳定性很好;在反应气体流速不变的条件下,相比950℃沉积的厚度为120μm的金刚石膜,在850℃下沉积的厚度为110μm的金刚石膜有更好的生长稳定性,膜的品质更高,残余应力更小.     

基体温度对磁控溅射TiN薄膜结构与力学性能的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法在304不锈钢表面沉积TiN薄膜.利用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和纳米压痕仪研究基体温度对TiN薄膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明:TiN薄膜为柱状结构,表面平整、致密.薄膜为面心立方结构(fcc)TiN并存在择优取向,室温和150℃时薄膜为(111)晶面择优取向,300和450℃时薄膜为(200)晶面择优取向;室温时薄膜厚度仅为0.63μm,加温到150℃后膜厚增加到1μm左右,但继续加温对膜厚影响不明显;平均晶粒尺寸随着基体温度的升高略有上升;薄膜的硬度、弹性模量和韧性(H3/E*2)随基体温度的升高而增加,最值分别达到25.4,289.4和0.1744GPa.     

沉积温度对微晶硅薄膜结构特性的影响

采用PECVD技术,在玻璃衬底上沉积μc-Si:H薄膜.用拉曼光谱、SEM和UV分光光度计对不同沉积温度下沉积的薄膜的结构特性进行分析.研究发现:沉积温度较低时,随着沉积温度的升高,薄膜的晶化率增加;当沉积温度超过某一温度值时,随着温度的进一步升高,薄膜的晶化率降低.这时,表面反应由表面扩散限制转变为流量控制.该温度值随着硅烷含量的降低而降低.     

蓝宝石衬底上酞菁铜薄膜的生长及相变研究

 采用真空蒸发沉积方法在Al₂O₃衬底上生长CuPc薄膜,用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光分光光度计多种测试手段表征薄膜的结构,研究不同沉积速率、不同膜厚和衬底温度对CuPc薄膜结构的影响.研究结果表明：CuPc薄膜的晶粒尺寸随沉积速率的增大而减小,薄膜越厚,结晶度越高,CuPc薄膜退火温度约为250℃时发生相变,由原来的亚稳态α-CuPc晶型结构转变为稳定的β-CuPc晶型结构.
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Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-