测流孔板数值模拟及流量系数的分析

孔板用于压力管道中测量流量,其特点是过流量小、流速低,而资料介绍的孔板流量系数都由模型实验得出.格鲁吉亚卡杜里电站采用跨流域引水方式,其引水道模型实验中采用此测流方法经济实用.本文采用标准k?ε湍流模型对孔板流场进行数值模拟,得到流速分布和流量系数,通过模型实验对低流速孔板的流量系数进行了验证,两者结果完全一致.在上述电站引水道模型试验中采用孔板测流的流量系数,试验结果完全满足精度要求.     

一种筒状多孔空气分布器的数值模型简化

利用计算流体力学技术并结合粒子成像测速实验及现场实测对空调中常用的孔径分别为0.5,1.0和2.0 cm,自由出流面积比(Rfa)分别为4.9％,10.4％,15.5％和19.6％的孔板及凯天KTSF-3.5KD筒状多孔空气分布器周围流场分布进行研究,提出一种筒状多孔空气分布器的数值模型简化方法.研究结果表明:孔间间距是影响简化风口位置的主要因素,孔间间距越小,简化风口距原风口的距离越小;简化风口的高度可取实际风口的高度;简化风口湍流和速度边界可采用二维孔板空气射流完全混合起始位置(combined point,CP)的湍流参数及速度廓线,温度边界可采用与实际风口相等的均匀送风温度;采用简化风口得到的速度及温度模拟值与粒子成像测速实验值及现场实测值较吻合.     

高效过滤器送风口扩散孔板的数值模拟与实验

高效过滤器送风口扩散孔板的开孔情况影响着室内流场、室内空气洁净度、洁净室自净时间和扩散板阻力．对GF01-1．0型高效过滤器送风口扩散孔板的开孔情况时室内流场的影响进行了数值模拟，并采用风速仪、激光粒子计数器和微压计分别测量了扩散板开孔变化时室内气流分布、洁净室自净时间和扩散板内静压的影响．结果表明随着开孔率的降低，扩散板的阻力增大．在扩散板扩散越均匀、涡流区和回流区越小的情况下，洁净室自净时间越短．并且在不同的送风量下，形成室内均匀流场的扩散板开孔情况不同，所以高效过滤器送风口扩散孔板宜在额定风量下运行．     

用CFD方法改进室内非等温送风气流组织设计

用合理的湍流模型和风口模型模拟非等温送风室内空气流动情况,并用一个非等温送风的实例进行了验证．然后利用该湍流和风口模型对一个工程实例非等温送风的室内空气速度场、温度场进行数值模拟,同时也给出利用传统射流理论的分析结果与之比较,借此分析当前室内非等温送风设计中通常存在的“冷风下坠”和“热风上浮”问题,指出传统射流设计方法的不足,从而提出一种利用CFD方法改进非等温送风气流组织设计的方法,并将其应用于中所提工程实例以说明该思路是可行的．     

孔板后稳定断面的位置分析

采用标准k-ε湍流模型对有压管道中的孔板过流进行数值模拟,通过分别改变流量和孔板直径,分析孔板后稳定断面的位置,根据计算结果找出流量与孔板后稳定断面距离和孔径比与孔板后稳定断面距离的关系,拟合了相应的关系式,孔板流场计算结果与经验吻合,其计算结果可以为孔板测流确定测压管安装位置提供参考．     

机掘工作面旋转射流屏蔽通风最佳送风角度的确定

为了确定最佳的送风角度,采用数值模拟和模型试验,对不同送风角度下机掘工作面旋转射流屏蔽通风流场和粉尘质量浓度分布进行研究。研究结果表明:在其他设计参数确定的情况下,工作面风流流场和粉尘质量浓度分布与送风角度密切相关;当送风角度θ为75°时,旋转射流屏蔽通风流场能在工作面形成完整的屏蔽风幕,且组合风口前方吸气速度和负压沿轴向衰减较其他送风角度吸气速度和负压沿轴向衰减缓慢,组合风口控尘效果最佳,组合风口后方粉尘质量浓度降至24 mg/m3,旋转风幕隔尘效率高达85.9%。     

舱室通风管道系统数值模拟与风量分配

舱室环境需要保证较高的热舒适性,其通风管道设计较一般房间的管道设计更为严苛.针对实际舱室,参考通风管道设计规范,进行通风管道设计,并利用CFD数值模拟技术对管道内流场、管道沿程阻力以及各风口流量进行分析.依据管道数值模拟的研究,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和QUICK离散方式对通风管道进行数值模拟,结果表明:整个管道流场速度云图和矢量图显示CFD预测较为合理;在使用局部阻力装置后,送风管道管网的不平衡率在15%,以下,回风管道管网的不平衡率在10%,以下,效果较好,各个风口流量基本达到要求;CFD数值模拟可以用来辅助通风管道系统进行风量分配以达到调平的目的.     

孔板对水槽内流场影响规律

为了在室内试验台上模拟海洋海流横向冲刷海洋立管,采用水槽内加孔板结构模拟海洋平流。为获取稳定、均匀的平流场,利用FLUENT软件进行水槽内孔板均流流场数值模拟,选用标准κ-ε紊流模型分析孔板孔径、厚度、位置及布置层数等因素对孔板后流场的影响,并优化孔板结构。结果表明:未安装孔板时,在整个水槽内出现射流且有扩散的趋势,但射流并不能带动水槽内全部流体,仅有部分流体有速度,在水槽上、下两端会有漩涡及回流产生,速度分布不均匀。布置3块厚度为0.2 m的孔板且板与板之间的间隔为0.3 m,按照第一块板距离进口截面0.2m布置且中间孔孔径设计为0.03 m时能够获得较为合理的均匀流场。     

人工环境室内湿度场的数值模拟和优化

采用FLUENT离散相模型对环境室内水滴的蒸发过程仿真模拟.研究了喷入液滴直径、送风速度和送风温度对环境室内流场、湿度场的影响.计算结果表明:喷入液滴直径越小、送风温度越低时,湿度场的均匀性越好;增大送风速度,湿度场能更快达到稳定.综合考虑经济性和湿度场均匀性,对于该计算模型,在送风温度为320 K、送风速度为18 m/s时得到最优的液滴直径为10μm;在送风温度为320 K、液滴直径为2μm时得到最优送风速度为18 m/s.     

导流管束对风速传感器管道风速场的影响

为了保证某公司新型风速传感器管道送风的均匀度和稳定性,提出了利用导流管束代替均流孔板的方法,并采用CFD软件FLUENT对不同风速条件下,无均流措施、采用均流孔板和采用导流管束3种工况下的风速场分别进行了模拟,并搭建了管道送风测试实验台,利用新老2种风速传感器对加装导流管束前后的管道风速场进行了对比测试。理论分析和实验结果均表明,在管道送风条件下加装导流管束完全能够达到均流和稳流的作用,是比较经济、省时和合理的方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the