BiFeO3掺杂Pb（In1/2Nb1/2）O3-Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3陶瓷的制备与磁电性能研究

以固相合成法制备了铁酸铋（BiFeO₃,简称BFO）掺杂的铌铟酸铅-铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅（Pb（In_1/2Nb_1/2）O₃-Pb（Mg_1/3Nb_2/3）O₃-PbTiO₃,简称PIN-PMN-PT）多铁性陶瓷材料,X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明：样品具有钙钛矿结构,电滞回线显示其铁电性良好,剩余极化值（P_r）可达18 μC·cm^-2.由于BiFeO₃掺杂后,样品电矩减小,氧空位增多,使其铁电畴翻转困难,样品的电性能略有下降,但是其磁性能随BiFeO₃掺入量的增加而逐渐增强,且样品居里温度（T_m）为200℃左右.该材料在电磁学领域有望成为具有应用前景的多铁性材料.     

Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric res ponses in TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy ＆ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3 crystal laminated composites

Measured results of magnetoelectric （ME） and converse magnetoelectric （CME） effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y （TD/PMNT/TD） and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are presented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-generated AC field biased by a DC field （0-1 kOe） （1Oe = 79.58 A/m）. The CME effect was measured by recording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT composites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V （1 G=10^-4 T）, respectively.     

Synthesis of (1-x)Pb[(Mg,Zn)1/3Nb2/3]O3-PbTiO3 Dielectric Ceramic Powder by a Coprecipitation Process

A coprecipitation method was used for preparation of 0.95Pb[(Mg_0.8Zn_0.2)_1/3Nb_2/3]O₃-0.05PbTiO₃(PMZN-PT),dielectric ceramic powder. X-ray powder diffraction and electron probe energy dispersive, X-ray analyzer revealed that the powder calcinated at 800℃ for 2 h is the PMZN-PT with 100% single perovskite phase, and the order of magnitude of atomic proportion of Mg to Zn reaches approximately 10:1. In addition, the influence of Zn and Ti content on the perovskite phase and pyrochlore phase formation namely: 0.95Pb[(Mg_1-xZn_x)_1/3Nb_2/3]O₃-0.05PbTiO₃, (1-y)Pb[(Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_1/3Nb_2/3]O₃-yPbTiO₃ was also analysed.     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-BaTiO3 Complex Perovskite Ferroelectric Ceramics with High Dielectric Constant and Low Firing Temperature

The effects of different firing temperatures on the stability of perovskite phase, grain size, and dielectric properties were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM and dielectric measurements. The dielectric ceramics of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃-BaTiO₃ system were obtained by chemical coprecipitation in water. The ceramics have higher dielectric constant (7003-9714), lower firing temperature(950-1150℃), quite uniform microstructure with grain size less than 2.5 mp, and lower temperature coefficients of capacitance. As a result, it was confirmed that the simple and low cost chemical route used namely coprecipitation in water is a desired method for preparing high property dielectric materials applicable to multilayer capacitors.     

水热前驱体法低温合成Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3

目的制备纯钙钛矿相的Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-PbTiO3(PMW-PT)陶瓷。方法以Mg(Ac)2·4H2O,Pb(Ac)2.4H2O,Na2WO4·3H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,NaOH调节反应体系的pH值9～13,在200℃下12 h水热合成PMW-PT前驱体,通过煅烧该前驱体制备纯钙钛矿相的PMW-PT粉体。通过XRD分析研究水热处理温度、反应时间、溶液pH值以及煅烧温度对PMW-PT相和中间产物Pb2TiWO7相生成过程的影响。结果水热处理的粉体转化为钙钛矿相PMW-PT最佳煅烧温度为800℃,压片后1 000℃烧结2 h制备的PMW-PT陶瓷,介电常数为12 067(1 kHz)。结论与固相法和半化学法相比,这种方法制备的钙钛矿PMW-PT粉体在较低的温度下生成,而且陶瓷的介电常数较高。     

The concentration quenching characteristics of 5D3-7FJ and 5D4-7FJ (J=0―6) transitions of Tb3+ in YBO3:Tb3+ phosphor

The photoluminescence quenching behaviors of ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj （J = 0—6） transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb under 130—290 nm excitation were systematically investigated. The results revealed that the quenching concentrations of both ^5D3-^7Fj and ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ in YBO3：Tb were mainly dependent on excitation wavelength. Particularly, the quenching concentrations of ^5D4-^7Fj transitions of Tb^3＋ under 130—290 nm excitation were correlated with excitation bands of YBO3：Tb. The quenching concentrations of ^5D3-^7Fj transitions remained at low concentration （2%） under 186—290 nm excitation and then increased gradually with energy of incoming excitation photon when excited at 130—186 nm. This dependence should be involved in their excitation mechanisms and quenching pathway in particular excitation region.[第一段]     

Conductivity of (Zr1-xMx)O2, Ceramic

In the ZrO₂-based ceramic systems doped with different oxides (Y₂O₃, MgO and Al₂O₃), the behaviors of electronic and ionic conductivity have been investigated by the quantum chemical SCF-Xα-SW method. The results of the electronic energy spectra and local state density of atoms show that, for the ZrO₂ system doped with Al₂O₃, the energy gap near the Fermi energy level becomes smaller, which implies that the electronic conductivity increases. Since the binding energy between Al and O atoms is increased, the energy for oxygen vacancy migrating is enhanced and the ionic conductivity decreases. In the M_xO_y-doped ZrO₂ systems, due to the doping effect of Al₂O₃, MgO and Y₂O₃, the ionic conductivity increases successively, and the electronic conductivity decreases successively. The calculation results are in agreement with that of references and experience.     

State of water and its implications for supersaturated structures in Mg(NO3)2 aerosols

One technique based on the difference spectra was developed to study the state of water in supersaturated Mg(NO₃)₂ aerosols. The technique could be derived from the observation that the Raman scattering and infrared absorbance cross sections of molecular vibrations of interest remain practically constant from diluted solutions to supersaturated aerosols. The spectra of solvated water were obtained and primarily related to the first hydration layers of solute molecules in supersaturated Mg(NO₃)₂ aerosols. Based on this investigation, a chain structure was proposed to occur in the supersaturated Mg(NO₃)₂ aerosols at low relative humidities (RHs). Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20673010 and 20640420450), “111” Project (Grant No. B07012), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20070410466)     

溶胶-凝胶法制备0．85Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3—0．15PbTiO3铁电陶瓷及其性能研究

以无机盐和氧化物为原料,柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为复合螯合剂,乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了0.85Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15PbTiO3(PMN-PT)铁电陶瓷粉体及其烧结体.并通过XRD和SEM分析了PMN-PT钙钛矿相的形成和烧结体的显微结构.讨论了不同烧结温度对陶瓷显微结构、介电、铁电及压电性能的影响.结果表明采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的PMN-PT陶瓷适宜烧结温度为1 100℃,比常规固相合成法制备PMN-PT陶瓷的温度低100～200℃,且该条件下烧结的陶瓷性能优异:d33=252 pC/N,Pr=17.8 μC/cm2.     

0.85PZN-0.10BT-0.05PT陶瓷烧结工艺及性能

采用二次合成法制备了 0 .85Pb(Zn1/3Nb2 /3) O3 0 .1 0 Ba Ti O3 0 .0 5Pb Ti O3弛豫铁电陶瓷 ,探讨了烧结温度对陶瓷相结构和晶粒的影响 ,优化了烧结工艺 ,并在此基础上研究了陶瓷的介电性能和电致伸缩性能。结果表明 ,陶瓷中钙钛矿相的含量随烧结温度的升高而不断增加 ,而升高预烧温度对提高钙钛矿相的结构稳定性不利。优化烧结工艺后 ,获得了 1 0 0 %钙钛矿相的陶瓷 ,其峰值介电常数为 60 67,在电场为 2 0 0 0 V/ mm时电致应变可达 5.5× 1 0 -4 。     

Ba(In0.5Nb0.5)O3的X射线粉末衍射数据

用固相合成方法制备Ba(In0．5Nb0．5)O3。钙钛矿型复合氧化物，并通过XRD方法对产物的物相、形貌和组成进行表征。结果表明，产物为立方钙钛矿结构，粒度为6～10μm的多晶粉末，晶胞参数为a=0．4138nm，空间群为Pm^-3m，衍射数据指标化可靠因子F8=17．6(0．037，12)。     

锂和锰掺杂PMN-PMN-PZT陶瓷电性能的研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了不同Li2CO3和MnO2掺杂的PMN-PMN-PZT四元系压电陶瓷.用XRD技术分析了陶瓷的相结构,研究了不同Li2CO3和MnO2添加量对陶瓷的机械品质因数Qm、机电耦合系数Kp、压电常数d33以及介电损耗tanδ的影响.结果表明,在840℃预烧、1 000℃烧结下,当Li2CO3质量分数为0.1%、MnO2质量分数为0.2%时,陶瓷具有优良的电性能.其主要性能参数为:Kp=0.58,Qm=1 702,d33=268pC/N,r=1.91Ω,tanδ=0.005 2,该材料可作为大功率压电变压器的候选材料.     

基于透明微针拉曼原位检测H2O2

在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-微针（PMMA-MNs）阵列上修饰聚多巴胺（PDA）层,通过离心技术将金纳米粒子（Au NPs）组装在MNs表面,构建纳米金@聚多巴胺@聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微针阵列（Au@PDA@MNs）.Au@PDA@MNs有强表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）效应,以罗丹明6G（R6G）作为拉曼探针,在10^-4~10^-8 mol·L^-1的范围内有良好的线性响应,检测限（LOD）可达3.1×10^-10 mol·L^-1.为了检测过氧化氢（H₂O₂）,4-巯基苯硼酸（4-MPBA）被修饰在Au@PDA@MNs上以构建功能化的MNs.利用4-MPBA分子氧化生成4-羟基硫代苯酚（4-HTP）和MNs的透光性,基于1 000 cm^-1和1 068 cm^-1处拉曼强度比（I_{1 000}/I_{1 068}）的变化,完成了H₂O₂的拉曼定量检测,I_{1 000}/I_{1 068}的变化与H₂O₂浓度成定量关系.线性响应范围为10~2 000 μmol·L^-1,LOD为0.93 μmol·L^-1.MNs和SERS技术的结合为确定具有短半衰期和弱拉曼信号的疾病相关生物标志物开辟了一条新途径.     

准同型相界附近0.02Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.50Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.48Pb(Zr_xTi_(1-x))O_3陶瓷压电性能研究

采用传统固相反应法制备四元系0.02Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.50Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.48Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3(0.29≤x≤0.34)陶瓷.观察样品的晶相结构和显微结构,测试压电性能和介电性能.随着Zr/Ti比的增大,晶相从四方相向三方相转变.发现准同型相界位置在x=0.32附近.1 240℃烧结的0.02PZN-0.50PNN-0.48PZ32T陶瓷展现了良好的压电性能,压电常数d33为715 p C/N,机电耦合系数kp为0.541,剩余极化强度Pr为25.5μC/cm2,矫顽场强Ec为5.6 k V/cm.新的压电材料适合高性能压电器件应用,且简单的制备方法给生产带来极大便利.     

O3/H2O2工艺控制太湖原水中致嗅氨基酸

针对太湖原水中氨基酸氯化消毒后可能引发的嗅味问题,采用太湖某水厂滤后水为研究对象,考察了O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺对水中致嗅氨基酸的去除效果及影响因素。结果表明滤后水中致嗅氨基酸占总游离氨基酸的81.6%,采用O₃/H₂O₂工艺降解致嗅氨基酸的最佳投量为1.5 mg·L^-1O₃和0.06 mM H₂O₂,去除率91.28%,致嗅氨基酸浓度降至484.62ng·L^-1,加氯消毒后几乎没有致嗅风险。水温10～30℃范围内,O₃/H₂O₂对致嗅氨基酸的去除率随温度升高而增大;pH=6～8范围内,去除率随p H的升高而增大。另外,该组合工艺较单独O₃/H₂O₂对溴酸盐的生成也有明显抑制作用。     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R1 in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chromosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R ₁ gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R ₁ by using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from the cross of Sub 16 and T586 and the backbone genetic linkage map from G. hirsutum×G. barbadense BC₁ newly updated by our laboratory. Genetic analysis suggested that the segregation ratio of red plants in the F₂ population fit Mendelian 1:2:1 inheritance, confirming that the red plant trait was controlled by an incomplete dominance gene. Preliminary mapping of R ₁ was conducted using 237 randomLy selected F₂ individuals and JoinMap v3.0 software. Then, a fine map of R1 was constructed using the F₂ segregating population containing 1259 plants, and R ₁ was located between NAU4956 and NAU6752, with only 0.49 cM to the nearest maker loci (NAU6752). These results provided a foundation for map-based cloning of R ₁ and further development of cotton cultivars with red fibers by transgenic technology. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30730067) and Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08025)     

Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-PbTiO_3-BaTiO_3 Complex Perovskite Ferroelectric Ceramics with High Dielectric Constant and Low Firing Temperature

The effects of different firing temperatures on the stability of perovskitC phase, grain size, and die-lectric propertes were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM and dielectric measurements. The dielectric ceramicsof Pb (Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-Pb TiO_3-BaTiO_3 system were obtaine d by chemical coprecipitation in water The ceramicshave higher dielectric constan (7003-9714), lower firing temperature (950-1150℃), quite uniform micro-structrue with grain size less than 2.5 μm, and lower temperature coefficiens of capacitance. As a result, it wasconfirmed that the simple and low cost chemical route used namely coprecipitation in water is a desired meth-od for preparin high property dielectric materials applicable to multilayer capacitors.     

xCaTiO_3-(1-x)LaAlO_3陶瓷微波介电性能的研究

采用传统固相反应法制备x Ca Ti O3-(1-x)La Al O3(0.55≤x≤0.69)(CTLA)陶瓷,研究CTLA陶瓷的物相,微观结构及微波介电性能.结果表明,烧结温度在1 400℃时,陶瓷的微波性能最佳,介电常数在35~47之间,Q×f≥35 000 GHz.随着Ca Ti O3含量的增大,频率温度系数趋零,当x=0.67时,陶瓷具有最佳的微波性能:εr=45,Q×f=36 684 GHz,τf=6.02×10-6/℃.1     

稀土Sm2O3对WCoB-TiC复相陶瓷组织的影响

以WC、TiB₂、Co粉末为基本原料,添加稀土Sm₂O₃为抑制剂,采用真空液相反应烧结技术制备WCoB-TiC复相陶瓷材料,利用XRD、SEM和EDS对其微观形貌和相组成进行表征。结果表明,添加一定量稀土Sm₂O₃后,WCoB-TiC复相陶瓷晶粒细小且分布均匀,晶粒的长大得到抑制;随着稀土Sm₂O₃的过量加入,复相陶瓷中有棒状晶粒出现,晶粒有粗化的趋势。在1400℃下烧结时,当Sm₂O₃添加量为0.3%时,制成的WCoB-TiC复相陶瓷材料密度达到10.01g/cm³,硬度HRA达到 91。     

CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂催化CO氧化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2载体,等体积浸渍法制备CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂,考察载体中CeO_2与ZrO_2质量比(mCeO_2∶mZrO_2)和CuO负载量对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂结构及物化性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔容积测试(BET)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、一氧化碳程序升温还原(CO-TPR)等方法对CuO/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2催化剂进行表征,结果表明:当mCeO_2∶mZrO_2为4∶1时,CuO负载量为10%(质量分数)时,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔容积,较好的Cu物质分散度,以及较好的还原性能和CO氧化性能.因此,在催化CO氧化反应中,10%CuO/Ce_(0.815)Zr_(0.185)O_2催化剂表现出较优的活性,在常压下,CO完全转化温度低至80℃.