弄蛇大学

印度新德里郊外有所弄蛇大学，在弄蛇大学里，学员们除了学习捕蛇、养蛇、给蛇拔毒牙、治疗蛇伤和研制解毒蛇药外，还学习吹奏给蛇听的音乐，学习如何与蛇交朋友、与蛇一起睡觉、让蛇听从吩咐跳舞等。     

上海市大王蛇、赤练蛇感染寄生虫情况初步调查

为初步了解上海市场蛇寄生虫的感染情况,剖检了来自上海市场罚没的2种19条蛇,其中赤链蛇（Dinodon rufozonatum）9条、大王蛇（Elaphe carinata）10条,分别取血液涂片,依序检查体表、皮下、肌肉、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、胃、肠道等组织器官,收集检获的寄生虫,显微镜初步观察．结果显示：在19条蛇均未检出外体寄生虫、吸虫和棘头虫,在皮下和体内检出线虫和绦虫,在血液中检出肝簇虫（Hepatozoon）,蛇的寄生虫感染率为100％．线虫、绦虫、肝簇虫在赤链蛇的检出率分别为77．88％、100％、0,在大王蛇的检出率全部为100％．从19条蛇共检获线虫192条、绦虫（裂头蚴）1236条,其中69．79％的线虫和86．55％的绦虫来自大王蛇．按检出的脏器统计,93．20％的绦虫来自皮下与肌肉,65．63％的线虫来自胃．调查结果表明,上海市场两种蛇的寄生虫感染率高、感染强度大,其中检出的裂头蚴为人畜共患寄生虫,吃蛇皮与蛇肉、吞蛇胆存在感染寄生虫的极大风险．因此,保护蛇类等野生动物,也是保护人类自身．     

游蛇亚科(Colubrinae)二种蛇核型研究

以骨髓细胞直接制备染色体标本，首次报道了游蛇属的环纹游蛇（Ｎａｔｒｉｘａｅｑｕｉｆａｓｃｉａｔａ）和白环蛇属的黑背白环蛇（Ｌｙｃｏｄｏｎｒｕｈｓｔｒａｔｉ）的核型，其中黑背白环蛇的核型为围内白环蛇属核型首次报道。结果表明，环纹游蛇２ｎ＝４０，１６（１Ｍ＝５ＳＭ＋２ＳＴ＋８Ｔ）．２４ｍ（♀），Ｎｏ．４和ＺＺ／ＺＷ型性染色体，Ｚ染色体为Ｍ型，Ｗ染色体为ＳＭ型。黑背白环蛇２ｎ＝４２，１６（４Ｍ＋１２Ｔ）     

青藏高原的世界特有蛇种——温泉蛇

温泉蛇是我国青藏高原的特有种．它们是目前仅知可以分布在海拔4000米以上的唯一两种蛇之一,作者在恩师刘承钊院士的组织下,于1973年去西藏考察两栖爬行动物,曾到当雄羊八井采集和观察过温泉蛇,是我国学者观察研究温泉蛇的第一批人员．本世纪以来,虽然我又有机会组织去西藏考察,但年事已高,被同志们劝阻．幸此期我的中青年间事朋友们和研究生们先后有多人去西藏或四川理塘考察,我得以继续关注温泉蛇的研究进展．应中央民族大学生命与环境学院冯今朝院长之嘱,撰写此文,供有志于在青藏高原研究动物的同仁参考。     

论楚文化对蛇的信仰和恐惧

中国的古代文化与蛇有着密切的关系，蛇崇拜有着十分丰富的文化涵义。蛇的象征符号功能往往足对立的、二元的，如：1．水神／旱神；2．男性／女性；3．地主和社神；4．冥神／邪祟；5．飞升／入地；6．重牛／死亡；7．智慧／阴险；8．祥瑞／灾异。蛇崇拜也是楚文化的重要内容之一，楚文化的文献记载和出土文物有很多蛇的资料。从四个方面阐述了楚文化对蛇的信仰和恐惧。楚文化中的蛇崇拜具有以下特色：1．楚人先祖与蛇有着密切的关系；2．蛇为冥神——保护神；3．蛇为邪祟——破坏者；4．蛇与鸟——死与生。蛇在楚文化系统中散发出独具魅力的风采，也让我们对楚先民的智慧产生了由衷的敬意。     

蛇的人工饲养

蛇全身都是宝，蛇胆、蛇毒被誉为“蛇金”，蛇皮、蛇肉、蛇油、蛇内脏皆可利用。蛇类产品在国内外一直畅销，因而养蛇是一项大有可为的“黄金事业”。1蛇场的建造蛇场应选在山岭或村寨的南面向阳处，远离人畜。一般100m2蛇场可放养100kg左右。各种毒蛇要间隔开，不能混养，以免打斗伤亡。内围墙一般高2m以上，外围墙2．SIn以上，墙脚深入地下0．sin以上，培心要放满泥浆，墙面用石灰或泥沙荣抹光滑，墙角抹成弧形，以防外逃。围墙设有门，人出入要随时关好，或在墙内外设临时木梯。场内不能打地板，以利地湿和地温的传导和调节，场中挖一个…     

论建立陕西延川黄河蛇曲地质公园的地质意义

陕西延川黄河蛇曲是发育在晋陕峡谷中的大型蛇曲群体，完整系统地保留了黄河蛇曲形成、演化过程的地质遗迹，对于研究黄河中游的演化以及黄土高原的环境变迁具有极为重要的科学价值，有助于认识黄河发育与新生代以来地壳运动的关系，深化河流蛇曲成因理论、了解黄河形成之前的古水系背景特征及其支流发育与土壤侵蚀的关系，而且对发展地质旅游、进行科学考察和科普教育亦具有重要意义。     

蛇年话蛇

按照我国农历,今年是"蛇年".然而蛇在人的心目中似乎并非美好的象征,人们对蛇的态度也不怎么亲善,许多人,其尤是妇女、儿童,都很怕蛇,一提到蛇,他们就毛骨悚然,甚至在"十二生肖"中,也不取其正名,而以"小龙"代之.这主要是因为蛇的长相特别:它那阴森凝视的目光、古怪的花纹、细长而分叉的舌头、没有四肢而能行动自如的神奇动力,以及少数毒蛇干下的害人的恶劣行径,给人留下了种种坏印象.与此相反,由于文化和宗教     

蛇的爬行运动实验和运动中蛇体曲线的动态模拟

为模拟机器人蛇行步态,针对典型的蛇式移动方式,设计并进行了蛇运动生物实验．结合计算机多媒体技术中的图象处理功能,分析了蛇式运动方式的特点及产生机理．从蛇式机器人机构设计的角度将复杂蛇体运动曲线分解成蛇体基本曲线段的转化与传播,运用“脊梁曲线法”较成功地解决了蛇式运动中蛇体曲线的动态描述问题．     

重金属对蛇鮈的急性毒性研究

本试验采用静水生物测试法,以蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)为受试生物,以致死率为指标研究了不同质量浓度的重金属铜和锌对蛇鮈幼鱼的急性毒性,结果表明,铜、锌对蛇鮈的24、48、72、96小时LC50分别为0.91mg/L、0.69mg/L、0.56mg/L、0.49mg/L和39.63mg/L、36.06mg/L、32.43mg/L、28.77mg/L,安全质量浓度分别为0.12mg/L和8.96mg/L。铜对蛇鮈为高毒物质,锌对蛇鮈为低毒物质,蛇鮈对铜的耐受性低于对锌的耐受性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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