Exploration of energy conservation MAC protocol of WSNs for ubiquitous environment

According to analyze the facade phenomenon of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）,this paper proposes a feasible method to state clearly and improve the power control efficiency of wire-less sensor networks（WSNs）. One of the crucial problems for WSNs is the design of medium access control （MAC） protocol. Our method want to adjust the activities of the MAC protocols control to achieve the enery conservation when the wireless communication module of sensor nodes is running, which is the major consumer of energy consumed by sensors energy. The energy efficiency of MAC protocol makes a strong impact on the network performance. To some extent,our research work describes and analyze the sources of energy consumption in MAC layer and simultaneously present an optimal method for the design of MAC protocol. Then we discusses some factors impacting on the performance of MAC protocol and metrics of performance evaluation. Eventually, the coming research direction is summarized.     

基于信任模型的WSNs安全数据融合算法

为了抵御无线传感器网络内部的恶意攻击行为和故障节点的误操作行为对数据融合结果的影响,提出一种基于信任模型的多层不均匀分簇无线传感器网络安全数据融合算法.该算法基于多层不均匀的分簇网络拓扑实现安全数据融合能够有效均衡网络中节点的能耗.通过节点间的通信行为和数据相关性建立信任评估模型,并引入动态的信任整合机制和更新机制,实现簇内和簇间的信任评估,选择可信融合节点并将可信节点所收集的数据进行基于信任值加权的数据融合.仿真实验表明,该算法能够实现精确的信任评估,有效识别内部恶意攻击节点,得到的数据融合结果具有较高的精确度,实现了安全的数据融合.     

Stable initialization scheme for K -means clustering

Though K-means is very popular for general clustering, its performance which generally converges to numerous local minima depends highly on initial cluster centers. In this paper a novel initialization scheme to select initial cluster centers for K-means clustering is proposed. This algorithm is based on reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search which retrieves all points in a given data set whose nearest neighbor is a given query point. The initial cluster centers computed using this methodology are found to be very close to the desired cluster centers for iterative clustering algorithms. This procedure is applicable to clustering algorithms for continuous data. The application of proposed algorithm to K-means clustering algorithm is demonstrated. Experiment is carried out on several popular datasets and the results show the advantages of the proposed method. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60503020, 60503033, 60703086), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2006094), the Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology in Soochow University (KJS0714) and the Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY207052, NY207082)     

A clustered routing protocol based on energy and link quality in WSNs

Influenced by the environment and nodes status,the quality of link is not always stable in actual wireless sensor networks (WSNs).Poor links result in retransmissions and more energy consumption.So link quality is an important issue in the design of routing protocol which is not considered in most traditional clustered routing protocols.A based on energy and link quality' s routing protocol (EQRP) is proposed to optimize the clustering mechanism which takes into account energy balance and link quality factors.EQRP takes the advantage of high quality links to increase success rate of single communication and reduce the cost of communication.Simulation shows that,compared with traditional clustered protocol,EQRP can perform 40％ better,in terms of life cycle of the whole network.     

A new algorithm for routing in ad-hoc network

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for wireless mobile and ad-hoc network, which establishes dynamic cluster of nodes. The proposed algorithm, namely, the Mobility Sensitive Routing Protocol (MSRP), consists of routing in cluster and routing between clusters. Ad-hoc network can utilize MSRP to reduce information exchange and communication bandwidth, to shorten route acquisition delay, and to accommodate more nodes. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60133010,60073043,70071042). Biography: Zhang Jian (1976-), male, Ph. D candidate. Lecturer, research direction: computer network, network optimization.     

Multi-sink Deployment Strategy for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Improved Particle Swarm Clustering Optimization Algorithm

In wireless sensor networks(WSNs) with single sink,the nodes close to the sink consume their energy too fast due to transferring a large number of data packages,resulting in the "energy hole" problem.Deploying multiple sink nodes in WSNs is an effective strategy to solve this problem.A multi-sink deployment strategy based on improved particle swarm clustering optimization(IPSCO) algorithm for WSNs is proposed in this paper.The IPSCO algorithm is a combination of the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and K-means clustering algorithm.According to the sink nodes number K,the IPSCO algorithm divides the sensor nodes in the whole network area into K clusters based on the distance between them,making the total within-class scatter to minimum,and outputs the center of each cluster.Then,multiple sink nodes in the center of each cluster can be deployed,to achieve the effects of partition network reasonably and deploy multi-sink nodes optimally.The simulation results show that the deployment strategy can prolong the network lifetime.     

传感器网络中一种基于簇的路由算法的研究

为了降低无线传感器网络中节点的能量消耗,提高网络生存期,提出了一种基于簇的路由算法.该算法首先采用K均值动态聚类算法将网络分簇,靠近Sink节点处具有更多的簇;其次利用数据汇聚路由算法寻找从簇头节点到Sink节点的路由;最后由当前簇头根据节点剩余能量及邻居节点的位置重新选择下一轮的簇头,并由新簇头形成簇间路由.仿真计算证明该算法是合理有效的,达到簇内节点能量均衡消耗的目的,同传统分簇算法相比,具有更长的网络生存期和更低的通信能耗.     

A distributed clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks

In the paper, we consider a network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each sensor node in such a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to a base station （via clusterhead） for further processing. The key problem focuses on how to reduce the power consumption of wireless microsensor networks. The core includes the energy efficiency of clusterheads and that of cluster members. We first extend low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH）＇s stochastic clusterhead selection algorithm by a factor with distance-based deterministic component （LEACH-D） to reduce energy consumption for energy efficiency of clusterhead. And the cost function is proposed so that it balances the energy consumption of nodes for energy efficiency of cluster member. Simulation results show that our modified scheme can extend the network life around up to 40% before first node dies. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the existing representative methods.     

基于非均匀分簇和最小能耗的无线传感网络路由算法

摘要：
簇头以多跳方式传输数据到网关时,靠近网关的簇头由于负担较多的转发任务而过早死亡,从而造成了“能量空洞”现象.文中提出了一种基于非均匀分簇的能量有效的无线传感网络路由算法（UCRA）.它包括非均匀分簇算法和最小能耗路由算法2部分.首先提出一种加权的非均匀分簇算法（WUCA）,在分簇时考虑了节点的选票和传输距离.在簇间通信时提出了最小能耗多跳路由算法.它利用位置信息计算最优转发簇头位置,从而指导下一跳簇头的选择.仿真结果表明,UCRA算法能很好地平衡网络能耗,延长网络生命周期.
关键词：
无线传感器网络; 非均匀分簇; 路由算法; 能量效率
中图分类号： TP 212.1
文献标志码： A     

面向云数据中心资源均衡分配需求的聚类调度算法研究

针对云数据中心资源利用率较低、能源消耗较高的问题,提出了基于资源需求差异的资源均衡调度策略。在包簇框架模型基础上,利用与资源需求相关的距离度量因子,将资源需求差异大的包通过改进的k-means算法进行聚类;利用资源之间的相关性作为包与簇之间的距离,在资源分配的过程中使包能够集中映射到簇中,从而减少簇的使用个数。实验结果表明,在包簇框架的概念下,基于资源需求差异的改进后的k-means聚类算法能够优化包聚类步骤,资源调度算法能够提高云数据中心各类资源利用率、降低资源分配过程中产生的能耗,具有有效性和可扩展性。     

基于虚拟力的无线传感器网络分簇部署策略

为提高大规模密集部署的无线传感器网络节点覆盖率,提出了一种基于虚拟力的节点分簇动态部署策略.将传统基于虚拟力的节点动态部署分成簇间部署与簇内部署两阶段,以达到打破网络中部节点受力平衡、降低部署过程中簇间干涉、提高节点覆盖率的目的.利用二元感知模型对算法进行仿真,结果表明,相比于传统VPF算法及VFA算法,该策略在随机部署大量密集节点的网络中具有较快的收敛速度与显著的优化效果,覆盖率最终可达90%以上,可以满足无线传感器网络的覆盖控制要求.     

基于改进量子遗传算法的WSNs多路径路由研究

最优路径搜寻和能量优化是无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)研究的两大关键性问题,基于簇结构的无线传感器网络模型,将改进的量子遗传算法引入WSNs网络层节能路由算法研究中,选取多条较优染色体代替一条最优染色体指导群体的进化;采用动态的量子旋转门调整策略,避免算法收敛于局部最优解;利用球面坐标角度对量子遗传算法编码,降低算法的复杂度;以路由所耗能量为优化目标,构造适应度函数。与基于传统遗传算法（genetic algorithm, GA）、标准量子遗传算法(quantum genetic algorithms, QGA)的多路径路由进行比较,实验表明,该算法比基于GA,QGA算法的多路径路由具有更低的网络能量消耗,更长的网络生存周期。     

基于K-means++的无线传感网能量高效分簇协议

针对传统无线传感网的分层路由算法中存在着分簇不均匀、簇首数量不固定、簇首位置不合理、节点的可扩展性不足以及数据传输方式比较单一的问题,提出一种无线传感网能量高效分簇协议.该协议在簇的建立阶段基于K-means++聚类算法进行分簇并采用S_Dbw聚类评价指标挑选其最优分簇,在簇的建立阶段,从每个簇中选取簇内剩余能量最高的节点作为簇首;在数据传输阶段,基于节点间的通信代价使用Dijkstra算法来寻找每个簇首到汇聚节点的最优路径.仿真结果表明:该协议可降低节点与汇聚节点之间数据传输的能耗,延长传感网的生命周期,并且在整个网络能量处于较低水平时也可以较好的覆盖整个监测区域.     

线性回归的分布式压缩采样算法

为减少无线传感器网络数据传输量,进而延长网络的生命周期,研究了一种联合线性回归和压缩感知的分布式采样方法。依据节点数据的相关性对网络进行分簇,将感知数据显著线性相关的传感器节点划分到同一簇中。以此为基础,提出了一种基于线性回归的分布式压缩采样算法,该算法联合运用线性回归和压缩感知理论重构节点数据,实现了低速率采样条件下节点数据的高精度重构。对实测温度数据进行仿真实验,结果表明,与等间隔采样相比,该算法减少了71%的采样值个数。     

传感器网络中基于过滤的概率Skyline查询算法

针对感知数据固有的不确定性问题,研究了无线传感器网络中概率Skyline查询的处理与优化技术.首先分析了概率Skyline查询的性质,证明了概率Skyline查询的不可分解性,因而无法直接利用网内计算方法求解;进而提出了无线传感器网络中基于过滤的概率Skyline查询处理算法(filter basedprobabilisticSkylinequeryprocessingalgorithminWSN,FPSP).FPSP算法将感知数据划分为候选数据、相关数据和无关数据;只需要候选数据和相关数据即可求得概率Skyline查询结果,可以在传感器节点过滤无关数据以避免大量的数据网内传输.仿真实验结果表明,FPSP算法可以有效降低传感器节点的数据传输量,极大地延长了无线传感器网络的使用寿命.     

分层的无线传感器网络非均匀分簇路由算法

为解决无线传感器网络分簇路由算法因簇间长距离通信而带来的高能耗以及路由寻址复杂的问题,提出了一种基于分层的非均匀分簇路由算法。该算法对非均匀分簇算法进行了改进,在竞争半径的计算上同时考虑了节点的位置和剩余能量,以使簇头的负载更加均衡。采用层间多跳通信方式进行数据传输,不仅避免了节点的长距离通信问题,而且简化了数据转发过程。仿真实验表明：与低功耗自适应分簇路由算法和非均匀分簇算法相比,该算法能够有效地节约簇头的能耗,减少网络的系统能量开销,延长网络的工作周期。     

无线传感器网络的目标跟踪能量优化策略

为了满足无线传感器网络的目标跟踪性能要求,解决节点能量消耗不均衡的问题,建立了面向无线传感器节点底层硬件和时序流程的能量模型,在节点通信过程中使用量化算法对数据进行压缩量化,在此基础上综合考虑节点的跟踪精度及剩余能量,提出了基于能量优化策略的调度算法,并采用双重唤醒/休眠机制来延长网络寿命.该策略采用分布式计算方式,易...     

基于证据理论加权融合的无线传感器网络路由算法

针对当前无线传感器网络路由算法存在数据传输成功率低、 网络时延长和丢包率高等缺陷, 为获得更优的数据传输结果, 提出一种基于证据理论加权融合 的无线传感器网络路由算法. 首先引入聚类分析算法对无线传感器网络进行分簇, 使簇首的分布更均匀, 解决簇首过于集中、 簇成员节点分配不合理的问题; 然后采用证据理论计算剩余能量、 节点间通信距离、通信能耗的权值, 并根据权值对每个节点的性能进行综合评价, 根据综合评价结果选择每个簇最合理的簇首; 最后与其他无线传感器网络路由算法进行对比测试. 测试结果表明, 相对于对比算法, 该算法数据时延均值和丢包率均大幅度减少, 改善了数据传输成功率, 使节点之间的能耗更均衡, 延长了无线传感器网络的生存周期, 建立的无线传感器网络路由可靠性更高.     

Double-Talk Detection Algorithm Based on the Ι2 Norm

Echo canceller generally needs a double-talk detector which is used to keep the adaptive filter from diverging in the appearance of near-end speech. In this paper we adopt a new double-talk detection algorithm based on ι2 norm to detect the existence of near-end speech in an acoustic echo canceller. We analyze this algorithm from the point of view of functional analysis and point out that the proposed double-talk detection algorithm has the same performance as the classic one in a finite Banach space. The remarkable feature of this algorithm is its higher accuracy and better computation complexity. The fine properties of this algorithm are confirmed by computer simulation and the application in a multimedia communication system.     

基于位置信息的WSN数据汇聚路由算法

文章以无线传感器网络在建筑环境下的应用为研究背景,根据建筑能耗监测系统中无线数据传输网络特性,按位置信息对网络节点进行分簇,设计网络2级结构模型;并设计适合该网络模型的基于位置信息的WSN数据汇聚路由算法,保证簇头节点从邻居列表中选择最佳下一跳节点,最终实现与Sink节点的数据通信功能。仿真分析表明所设计的路由算法具有低时延、高可靠性、节能等优点。