异极矿的标准生成热力学函数

采用PE公司的Diamond差式扫描量热仪(DSC)测定异极矿脱去1个水分子所生成的产物Zn4Si2O7(OH)2和异极矿Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O在363～563 K温度范围内的恒压比热容;测定恒压条件下,在573.15～998.15 K温度范围内异极矿加热脱水过程的DSC曲线。将比热容换算成摩尔热容,用最小二乘法分别拟合Zn4Si2O7(OH)2和Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O的摩尔热容与温度的函数关系式;利用相关物质的已知热力学参数,设计热力学循环,计算在标准压强和温度298.15 K时Zn4Si2O7(OH)2和Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O的标准生成热力学函数ΔfHmΘ,ΔfSmΘ和ΔfGmΘ。     

浅析地理大发现在国际贸易形成中的作用

地理大发现使世界各国相互联结为一个整体,加强了彼此相互了解和商品的相互往来,打破了相互隔绝的局面.欧洲及北美国家的世界市场竞争和殖民掠夺,使世界市场分工明确,联系更紧密,商品交换更频繁,最终导致国际贸易的形成.     

严格预不变拟凸函数的新性质

在严格预不变拟凸函数和半严格预不变拟凸函数定义基础上,研究了关于严格预不变凸函数的两个新性质,得到了关于严格预不变拟凸函数的新性质.这些性质可用于判定严格预不变拟凸函数.     

严格预不变拟凸函数的新性质

在严格预不变拟凸函数和半严格预不变拟凸函数定义基础上,研究了关于严格预不变凸函数的两个新性质,得到了关于严格预不变拟凸函数的新性质。这些性质可用于判定严格预不变拟凸函数。     

Combinational electroporation and transplantation approach to studying gene functions in avian embryos

Gene transfection is an indispensable approach for studying gene function since it provides important information on gain- and/or loss-of-function. Chick embryos are also extensively employed for studying bio- logical function since they are easily accessible and can be maintained alive after manipulation. The combination of both techniques presents a powerful approach to under- standing how genes regulate embryo development. Fur- thermore, combining these approaches with tissue transplant techniques make even more attractive for elu- cidate gene function. Electroporation, employing parallelly fashioned electrodes, has been widely used in chick embryos. However, experimenters have been frustrated by unsuccessfully transfection in some embryonic tissue of interest because the electrodes were improperly positioned.We presently demonstrated the different patterns of orga- nizing and positioning the electrodes, in combination with tissue transplantation, to efficiently and specifically trans- fect the chick embryonic head, trunk neural tube, heart tube, somites and neural crest cells with the GFP reporter gene.     

Inhibition of platelet thrombus formation by chlorpromazine acting to diminish haemolysis.

There is increasing evidence that the sudden, unpredicatable event initiating myocardial infarction is fissuring of an atherosclerotic plaque. The resulting haemorrhage into the arterial wall produces obstructive platelet thrombi, just as arterial haemorrhages elsewhere produce haemostatic platelet plugs. It has been suggested that such platelet aggregation depends on ADP originating in red cells which are subjected to excessive haemodynamic stress at the site of haemorrhage. The release of ADP from red cells has been demonstrated in vitro in equivalent condtions of shear stress; and other mechansims, such as activation by collagen, cannot account for the rapidity with which the platelets react. One of us (G.V.R.B.) has suggested that drugs capable of counteracting haemolysis might diminish the activating effect of erythrocytes on platelets and so inhibit their aggregation as thrombi. Thus, chlorpromazine, added to human blood at concentrations which diminish haemoylsis but do not directly affect platelet aggregation, prolonged the 'bleeding time' from small holes in artificial vessels where extravasation is terminated, as in living arterioles, by aggregated platelets. The bleeding time was also prolonged by apyrase, consistent with the conclusion that the chlorpromazine acted through decreasing plasma ADP. We show here that this occurs through the anti-haemolytic action of chlorpromazine.     

一种新型多功能晶闸管触发电路

介绍了一种自行开发的由单片微处理器控制的多功能晶闸管移相触发器。对触发电路的原理和软件进行了分析 ,在不改动电路和软件的情况下 ,该触发电路能适用于多种主电路类型的晶闸管变流电路     

密码函数安全准则的一种新刻划

为了更好地认识密码函数的性质,引入了一些新的指标,讨论了这些指标之间的关系,用这些指标刻划了密码函数的一些安全准则,给出了非线性度新的上界,说明了这些上界与一般上界之间的关系,最后给出了Bent函数的新定义及其它等阶定义。     

含砾砂岩储层重复压裂新方法及机理分析

重复压裂技术广泛应用于老油田开发过程,尤其适用于致密砂岩、页岩等典型储层,而含砾砂岩储层中重复压裂方法的有效性还有待研究。针对重复压裂含砾砂岩储层产生复杂裂缝网络的压裂方法问题,基于动态载荷促进裂缝分叉、易渗透压裂液明显降低岩石有效应力的作用机理,本文提出“变排量、分阶段多压裂液组合”的重复压裂方法。为验证该方法的合理性,本文以人工预制的含砾砂岩试件为实验对象,通过变排量、分阶段注入不同性质压裂液进行了室内真三轴压裂模拟实验,总结了压裂机理。研究表明：变排量压裂方式产生的裂缝条数至少是定排量压裂方式产生裂缝条数的3倍;分阶段多压裂液组合压裂方法产生水力裂缝的条数是单一类型压裂液压裂产生裂缝条数的3倍。变排量、分阶段多压裂液组合的压裂方法将对含砾砂岩储层进行重复压裂产生复杂裂缝具有一定的借鉴意义。     

松材线虫性别决定基因Bx-sex-1表达特征和生物学功能分析

【目的】揭示松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)性别决定基因Bx-sex-1的表达特征和生物学功能。【方法】通过Mega 6中的Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT)模型,采用邻接法(neighbor joining,NJ)对Bx-sex-1和其他线虫的氨基酸序列进行系统发育构建。采用同步培养的方法分别收集不同龄期的松材线虫并提取总RNA,反转录获得cDNA并采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR) 的方法,研究Bx-sex-1在松材线虫不同发育阶段的相对表达量。同时采用qRT-PCR并通过绝对定量法分析Bx-sex-1基因在雌虫和雄虫基因组的拷贝数。采用dsRNA浸泡法对目的基因进行干扰,观察松材线虫后代卵的孵化率和雌雄比的变化。【结果】系统进化树显示松材线虫Bx-sex-1和其他两个植物寄生线虫成为一支,与自由生线虫和寄生动物线虫分别进化为不同的分支。松材线虫Bx-sex-1在不同发育阶段相对表达量有差异,在卵期相对表达量最高,而在2龄幼虫时期最低,从2龄幼虫时期到成虫时期相对表达量逐渐升高。qRT-PCR结果显示Bx-sex-1基因在雌虫和雄虫基因组中均为单拷贝。Bx-sex-1被干扰后,卵的孵化率下降,雌雄比降低。【结论】松材线虫Bx-sex-1基因在卵的发育过程和性别决定中可能具有重要作用。     

The Drosophila posterior-group gene nanos functions by repressing hunchback activity

The development of the body plan in the Drosophila embryo depends on the activity of maternal determinants localized at the anterior and posterior of the egg. These activities define both the polarity of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis and the spatial domains of expression of the zygotic gap genes, which in turn control the subsequent steps in segmentation. The nature and mode of action of one anterior determinant, the bicoid(bcd) gene product, has recently been defined, but the posterior determinants are less well characterized. At least seven maternally acting genes are required for posterior development. Mutations in these maternal posterior-group genes result in embryos lacking all abdominal segments. Cytoplasmic transplantation studies indicate that the maternally encoded product of the nanos(nos) gene may act as an abdominal determinant, whereas the other maternal posterior-group genes appear to be required for the appropriate localization and stabilization of this signal. Here we show that the lack of the nos gene product can be compensated for by eliminating the maternal activity of the gap gene hunchback (hb). Embryos lacking both of these maternally derived gene products are viable and can survive as fertile adults. These results suggest that the nos gene product functions by repressing the activity of the maternal hb products in the posterior of the egg.     

Cloning of the T gene required in mesoderm formation in the mouse

The murine developmental mutation T identifies an essential gene in mesoderm formation. Embryos lacking normal gene activity fail to form the notochord, the entire posterior region and the allantois, and die at about 10 days of gestation. We have isolated the T gene using a combination of molecular and genetic techniques, thus making molecular tools available to study processes underlying mesoderm formation in the mouse.     

凝集素的分离纯化、基因克隆及功能研究进展

凝集素(lectin)研究近年来发展迅速，尤其在植物基因工程中，植物外源凝集素基因越来越受到重视。本文从凝集素的分离纯化、基因克隆、理化性质和功能等方面进行了综述。此外还讨论了凝集素基因在植物基因工程中的应用。     

Expression pattern of the mouse T gene and its role in mesoderm formation.

Formation of mesoderm is a crucial event in vertebrate development, establishing many of the important features of the body. Recent studies have implicated molecules that are similar to growth factors in mesoderm formation in Xenopus, but other gene products involved in this process have yet to be identified. Genetic evidence indicates that in the mouse the T gene (Brachyury) has a role in the formation and organization of mesoderm. Mice homozygous for mutant alleles of the T gene do not generate enough mesoderm, and show severe disruption in morphogenesis of mesoderm-derived structures, in particular the notochord. The cloning of the T gene has now allowed us to examine its expression pattern. We report that T-gene expression occurs in both early stage mesoderm and its epithelial progenitor, and then becomes restricted to the notochord. This expression pattern correlates with the tissues affected in the T-gene mutant, and indicates that the T gene has a direct role in the early events of mesoderm formation and in the morphogenesis of the notochord.     

植物ERECTA基因家族特征及其非生物胁迫功能

ERECTA是首次从拟南芥中分离到的一个类受体激酶基因。ERECTA在植物的叶片形态发生、花序形成、气孔发育,以及生物和非生物胁迫应答过程中都发挥重要作用。该文综述了植物ERECTA家族成员的组成、蛋白质序列特征及其在非生物胁迫应答过程中的功能,以期为深入研究ERECTA功能提供新线索。