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1.
Two event-related potential experiments were conducted to investigate the temporal and the spatial distributions of the old/new effects for the item recognition task and the auditory source retrieval task using picture and Chinese character as stimuli respectively. Stimuli were presented on the center of the screen with their names read out either by female or by male voice simultaneously during the study phase and then two testa were performed separately. One test task was to differentiate the old items from the new ones, and the other task was to judge the items read out by a certain voice during the study phase as targets and other ones as non-targets. The results showed that the old/new effect of the auditory source retrieval task was more sustained over time than that of the item recognition task in both experiments, and the spatial distribution of the former effect was wider than that of the latter one. Both experiments recorded reliable old/new effect over the prefrontal cortex during the source retrieval task. However, there existed some differences of the old/new effect for the auditory source retrieval task between picture and Chinese character, and LORETA source analysis indicated that the differences might be rooted in the temporal lobe. These findings demonstrate that the relevancy of the old/new effects between the item recognition task and the auditory source retrieval task supports the dual-process model; the spatial and the temporal distributions of the old/new effect elicited by the auditory source retrieval task are regulated by both the feature of the experimental material and the perceptual attribute of the voice. 相似文献
2.
对8名无其他眼科疾病的近视眼患者在摘除和佩戴眼镜两种情况下分别进行视觉oddball模式刺激,并记录其脑电信号.刺激分为两组:一组为形状相同但颜色不同的几何图形,另一组为颜色相同但形状不同的图形.在每组刺激中,分别比较在摘除与佩戴眼镜两种情况下由该刺激诱发的视觉事件相关电位P300.结果发现在这两组刺激中,近视眼患者在摘除与佩戴眼镜两种情况下的P300无显著性差异.这说明大脑对颜色与二维图形的认知功能基本上不会受到视力的影响. 相似文献
3.
采取行为实验和脑电实验相结合的方法,分析产品外观特征元素(形状、颜色、材质)及其熟悉度(低、中、高)对产品识别的影响。脑电实验前,通过问卷获取被试的主观评价数据,进行实验假设。脑电实验采用经典的\"学习-再认\"范式,实验材料为3(形状、颜色、材质)×3(低、中、高)混合设计。结果表明:低和高熟悉度的颜色特征、低熟悉度的形状特征以及高熟悉度的材质特征能够有效提高产品的识别度。 相似文献
4.
An experiment was conducted using event-related potentials to investigate the old/new effects of the item recognition and the voice source retrieval tasks on drawing. The results indicated that (1) the old/new effect for the voice source retrieval task was much wider than that of the item recognition task; (2) the distributive characteristics of the voice source memory effect were different from those in previous studies; (3) the old/new effects for target and non-target-old drawings were similar. These results demonstrated that the voice source retrieval task is more difficult than the item recognition task for drawing, which supports the dual-process model. The experimental material and the source characteristic regulate the spatial and temporal distributions of the old/new effect for the voice source retrieval task together. 相似文献
5.
An experiment was conducted using event-related potentials to investigate the old/new effects of the item recognition and the voice source retrieval tasks on drawing. The results indicated that (1) the old/new effect for the voice source retrieval task was much wider than that of the item recognition task; (2) the distributive characteristics of the voice source memory effect were different from those in previous studies; (3) the old/new effects for target and non-target-old drawings were similar. These results demonstrated that the voice source retrieval task is more difficult than the item recognition task for drawing, which supports the dual-process model. The experimental material and the source characteristic regulate the spatial and temporal distributions of the old/new effect for the voice source retrieval task together. 相似文献
6.
The visual attention mechanism in the brain was studied among 16 young subjects through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, with the attentive ranges cued with different scales of Chinese words. The results showed that the response time was shortened as the cue scale was reduced, while the amplitudes of the P1 and N1 components of the ERPs increased. These results not only provided the electrophysiological evidence supporting the spotlight theory, but also indicated that the spotlight effect occurred during the early period of the selected attention. Two kinds of separation in the P2 effect were observed. One separation was between the P1 effect and P2 effect, which meant that additional computation was needed when the spatial scale of attention was enlarged; the other was between the left and right hemisphere of the P2 effect, which indicates that the attentive processing of the cue range mainly occurred in the left hemisphere. 相似文献
7.
SONG Weiqun LUO Yueji CHI Song JI Xunming LING Feng ZHAO Lun WANG Maobin SHI Jiannong 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2006,16(10):1045-1050
The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues. 相似文献
8.
谢莺 《中南民族大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,25(1):43-46
指出了事件相关电位（ERP）是从人类被试头皮无损记录的认知相关电位,其高的时间分辨率使得它在人类认知功能的研究中发挥了重要作用．介绍了注意研究中长期存在争论的4大基本问题,分析了ERP在解决这些问题中发挥的关键作用,并展望了今后的应用前景． 相似文献
9.
为调查图画优异性效果,比较了在编码和提取过程中图词和单词所诱发的ERP(事件相关电位)。20位中国留学生被分成2组,分别参加了图词和单词记忆实验,每个实验包含12个学习-测试序列。在图词记忆实验中,120幅图词组合被平均分成12组作为视觉刺激物呈现在学习阶段,相同的120个单词呈现在单词记忆实验的学习阶段。在两个实验的测试阶段,都只呈现单词作为记忆测试的刺激物,每个序列里随机呈现5个旧单词和5个新单词。在学习阶段,图词诱发的FN400比单词诱发的FN400波幅更大且持续时间更长。在提取阶段,相对于单词条件,图词条件的旧项目诱发了更显著的FN400熟悉性效果和晚期新旧效果。比较图词条件的新旧项目在提取阶段的ERP成分,发现图词旧项目诱发了显著的FN400熟悉性效果和晚期新旧效果。但在提取阶段,单词条件的新旧项目之间不存在显著的FN400波幅和晚期正成分波幅上的差异。因此推测,由于图词同时进行的图像和语义双编码引起了图词旧项目在测试阶段被更快更好地回忆,图画优异性效果主要表现为图画能增强编码和促进回忆。 相似文献
10.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of prospective memory (PM) and vigilance. Twenty college or graduate students participated in this study. They were administered a PM and a vigilance task and physiological data were collected at the same time. Behavioral results showed that the RT associated with PM cues was longer than those associated with vigilance targets. ERP results showed that PM cues and vigilance targets did not show significant difference in the N2 but PM cues evoked greater N300 than vigilance targets, and vigilance targets evoked greater parietal positivity/P3 than PM cues, suggesting vigilance and PM have similar but also distinctive neural basis. 相似文献
11.
The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased. 相似文献
12.
The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased. 相似文献
13.
对３２名被试者进行两字汉语词汇和平面图形的辩识测试,以及４～９个两字汉语词汇的回忆测试,结果是词汇、图形辩识测试中,左右半球４０Ｈｚ事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）的发放率（ＡＣＴ）和平均发放时间间隔（ＡＴ）参数存在不对称性。词汇测试中,左半球４０ＨｚＥＲＰ的ＡＣＴ（１６．９６）明显大于右半球（１４．５）,Ｐ＜０．０１;右半球的ＡＴ（２５．４）明显大于左半球（２１．９）,Ｐ＜０．０２５。图形测试中,右半球的ＡＣＴ（１６．８）明显大于左半球（１５．０）,Ｐ＜０．０２５;左半球ＡＴ值（２３．９）,明显大于右半球（２１．１）,Ｐ＜０．０２５。左右半球不对称的消失与汉语词汇短期记忆有固定组块（７个）的记忆容量有关。 相似文献
14.
MENG YingFang GUO ChunYan 《科学通报(英文版)》2007,52(21):2945-2953
ERP dissociations between implicit and explicit memory have been confirmed by a large amount of evidence in theories of human memory. However, similarities between the two forms of memory have scarcely been studied. A possibility is that while implicit memory and explicit memory have independ- ent components, they might additionally have shared components. To explore this question, an ERP experiment was conducted with a study-to-test paradigm, in which participants performed a \"shallow\" (color) study task or a \"deep\" (pleasant) study task, followed by either a lexical decision (implicit) test (Section 1) or a recognition (explicit) test (Section 2). An interference task was performed concurrently with either the encoding or the retrieval phase of the memory task for encoding interference condition or retrieval interference condition. We compared ERP signatures of implicit and explicit memory as a function of depth of processing or interference. Under the action of the same variables, 300―500 ms old/new ERP effects of implicit and explicit memory showed the same trend. These effects maybe all link with a perceptual representational system. 500―700 ms old/new ERP effects of the two memories were dissociated. They may probably reflect voluntary and involuntary recollection respectively. These results suggested that implicit and explicit memories are not completely independent of each other, but have both independent and shared components. 相似文献
15.
定向运动是一项体力与智力并重的体育项目,在高校中开展定向运动课程不仅能满足大学生身心发展和个性发展的需要,而且还可以拓展体育课程的空间。通过对黑龙江省高校开设定向运动课程的相关情况进行分析,研究影响黑龙江省高校定向运动发展的因素,对高校开设定向运动课程提出对策。 相似文献
16.
运用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术, 采用学习-再认的实验范式, 考察38名大学生(21名男生和17名女生)对女性面孔吸引力再认记忆的认知神经机制。结果发现大学生对女性面孔吸引力的记忆偏好存在性别差异, 再认任务中有吸引力的女性面孔诱发了男性更负的早期ERP成分(N90, N220和N300), 而对女性的效应并不显著。这可能与两性在遗传基因、性激素、大脑结构与功能上的不同有关。进一步对男性的记忆特点进行分析发现, 内隐记忆效应在N80和LPC(300~600 ms)上表现显著, 其最强效应出现在中央区和顶区; 外显记忆效应在P170和LPC(400~600 ms)上表现显著, 其最强效应出现在前额区和额区。表明男性对有吸引力女性面孔的记忆偏好效应更大, 且内隐和外显记忆的脑机制在单一的再认任务中产生了分离。 相似文献
17.
The neural correlates of the motion priming were examined in normal young subjects using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Visual motion perception can be uncon-sciously biased in favor of a particular direction by a pre-ceding motion in that direction. Motion priming first in-volved an enhancement of ERP amplitude about 100 ms fol-lowing the onset of motion. The amplitudes of ERP compo-nents after 350 ms were also increased. The fMRI results suggest that the early-latency effect reflects modulation of neural responses in extrastriate cortex. Higher-level visual processing areas, including cortical regions MT/MST and the intraparietal cortices were also activated. The findings provide direct evidence that unconscious priming of motion perception is the result of interaction of direction-selective neural responses to motion stimuli. The results cannot be accounted for by refractoriness of neural responses, but in-stead support a theory of motion priming based on motion opponency, as proposed in computational models. 相似文献
18.
陈卫华 《科技情报开发与经济》2005,15(5):266-267
论述了在网络环境下，为提高高校信息检索教育质量，需要在观念、意识和教学实践中实现图书馆与社会信息源的有机结合，社会科学与自然科学检索教育的有机结合，中文检索工具与外文检索工具教学的有机结合，手工检索与计算机检索的有机结合。 相似文献
19.
An ERP study was conducted to explore the differences between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words in implicit and explicit memory tests. The results show that other-relevant words are associated with a more negative ERP than possessor-relevant words during 300--900 ms whether in the implicit or the explicit memory tests. The N400 effect is also found in semantic processing of social materials. There is an ERP dissociation of retrieval formats between the implicit and the explicit memory tests during 700--900 ms, namely, there is no difference between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words in the implicit memory while there is a significant difference between them in the explicit memory. Observed through Curry 6.0, the analysis of neural sources for other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words indicates that they have different locations. At 400 ms, activity is found in the left precuneus during possessor-relevant words processing. Both the right and the left precuneus are activated during other-relevant words processing. However, at 600 ms their location is both in the left precuneus. In a word, our results show that there exists a cognitive difference between other-relevant words and possessor-relevant words, and other-relevant words closely related to the percipient himself/herself are strongly responded to, which reflects that there is a bigger attention bias to the stimuli concerning the percipient himself/herself than to processor-relevant words. 相似文献
20.
MAOLihua HANShihui GUOChunyan JIANGYi 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(8):819-819
The current work examined neural substrates of perceptual grouping in human visual cortex using event-related potential (ERP) recording. Stimulus arrays consisted of local elements that were either evenly spaced (uniform stimuli) or grouped into columns or rows by proximity or color similarity (grouping stimuli). High-density ERPs were recorded while subjects identified orientations of perceptual groups in stimulus arrays that were presented randomly in one of the four quadrants of the visual field.Both uniform and grouping stimulus arrays elicited an early ERP component (C1), which peaked at about 70ms after stimulus onset and changed its polarity as a function of stimulated elevations. Dipole modeling based on realistichead boundary-element models revealed generators of the C1 component in the calcarine cortex. The C1 was modulated by perceptual grouping of local elements based on proximity, and this grouping effect was stronger in the upper than in the lower visual field. The findings provide ERP evidence for the engagement of human primary visual cortex in the early stage of perceptual grouping. 相似文献