苗药冷水花提取物抗炎镇痛活性的研究

用石油醚、乙酸乙酯对冷水花全草95％乙醇提取物进行分段萃取,采用小鼠急性耳廓肿法、棉球肉芽肿法研究抗炎活性,采用小鼠热板法、醋酸扭体法研究镇痛活性。结果表明,乙酸乙酯提取部位具有较强的抗炎和镇痛活性,能明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠急性耳廓肿、小鼠棉球肉芽肿及热板、冰醋酸所致小鼠疼痛。     

天南星提取物的抗炎作用及机制研究

目的:观察天南星提取物的抗炎作用并分析其机制。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球诱发小鼠肉芽肿增生及醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加等三种模型,观察天南星提取物对不同炎症模型的抗炎作用。结果:天南星块茎醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物,天南星果实石油醚提取物均能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀度(P<0.01);能减轻小鼠棉球肉芽肿(P<0.01);且能明显降低小鼠毛细血管通透性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:天南星上述提取物具有明显的抗炎作用,其抗炎作用可能与降低血管通透性有关。本实验为其开发利用提供了科学的依据。     

不同制备工艺所得毛樱桃总黄酮的抗炎活性研究

目的探讨毛樱桃总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,测定提取物中总黄酮的含量,为毛樱桃进一步研究提供理论依据.方法采用系统溶剂萃取法对乙醇提取物毛樱桃总黄酮进行富集纯化,通过小鼠耳肿胀实验考察所得提取物的抗炎活性.结果优化的提取、纯化工艺可明显提高总黄酮的提取率;水、石油醚萃取物总黄酮含量分别为1.31%,5.59%,而乙酸乙酯萃取物中总黄酮的含量可达26.31%;3种萃取物对小鼠耳肿胀模型肿胀度(mg)的影响分别为11.03±3.44(水提物),11.29±2.92(石油醚提取物),6.56±2.59(乙酸乙酯提取物).结论毛樱桃总黄酮可通过乙醇提取,石油醚、水除杂,乙酸乙酯萃取富集,其得率、纯度及抗炎活性均显著提高.     

紫花地丁不同提取物化学成分检识及抗炎活性研究

目的研究紫花地丁乙醇回旋冷凝法分离乙酸乙酯提取物和水提取物的化学成分及抗炎活性。方法紫花地丁乙醇回旋冷凝法提取乙酸乙酯部位和水相部位,并对各部位进行化学成分检识。采用二甲苯诱导小鼠耳廓肿胀、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性、角叉菜胶诱导大鼠足趾肿胀进行急性炎症造模、炎性组织PGE2含量检测、NO含量检测等动物试验,研究紫花地丁不同提取物的抗炎作用。结果紫花地丁乙酸乙酯提取物中主要含有黄酮、蒽醌类,水提取物中主要含有糖及苷类、皂苷类。乙酸乙酯提物各剂量组对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性均具有显著的抑制作用(P0.05～P0.01),并可不同程度降低炎性组织PGE2含量和NO含量,中剂量组作用极显著(P0.01)。结论紫花地丁的抗炎作用活性成分在乙醇回旋冷凝法提取的乙酸乙酯提取物中;紫花地丁乙酸乙酯提取物抑制了炎性组织中PGE2的生成量和NO释放量,其抗炎作用可能与降低PGE2、NO表达有关。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

基于变异系数的模糊物元模型评价阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用

为了筛选阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的有效部位，应用模糊物元模型对阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位抗炎镇痛效果进行综合评价。采用醋酸扭体法、热水缩尾法及热板法，以小鼠足跖肿胀、耳廓肿胀程度考察阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛作用；用变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对其干预效果进行综合评价；通过计算贴近度比较模型组（M₁）、阳性对照组（M₂）、水提物组（M₃）、乙醇提取物组（M₄）、正丁醇提取物组（M₅）、乙酸乙酯提取物组（M₆）、石油醚提取物组（M₇）的抗炎镇痛效果。结果显示阔叶十大功劳根不同提取部位均有抗炎镇痛的效果，但各部位抗炎镇痛效果程度不同；反应不同部位抗炎镇痛总效应的贴近度值从大到小排序为M₆，M₄，M₃，M₅，M₂，M₇，M₁。基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型可筛选出阔叶十大功劳根抗炎镇痛的最佳有效部位为乙酸乙酯提取部位，能够客观、科学地评价不同提取部位的抗炎镇痛效果。     

葎草抗炎镇痛有效部位筛选及机制

目的 筛选葎草镇痛抗炎的有效部位，初步探讨有效部位镇痛抗炎的作用机制。方法 采用溶剂萃取法将葎草水提液分离为不同部位；采用小鼠热板和醋酸扭体疼痛模型，筛选葎草镇痛作用的有效部位；采用二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠蛋清足跖肿胀2种急性炎症模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿慢性炎症模型，筛选葎草抗炎作用的有效部位；检测有效部位对醋酸所致疼痛模型小鼠血清前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）含量以及蛋清所致大鼠足跖炎症组织NO和PGE₂含量的影响。结果 葎草石油醚萃取部位明显延长热板所致小鼠的痛阈值（P < 0.05），明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应次数（P < 0.05）；葎草石油醚萃取部位明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀（P < 0.05），明显抑制蛋清所致大鼠足跖肿胀和大鼠棉球肉芽肿（P < 0.05）。葎草石油醚萃取部位明显降低醋酸所致疼痛小鼠血清PGE₂、cAMP的含量（P < 0.05），明显降低蛋清所致大鼠足跖组织NO和PGE₂含量（P < 0.05）。结论 葎草的水提液的石油醚萃取部位是镇痛抗炎的有效部位，其镇痛作用机制可能与降低PGE₂、cAMP的含量有关，其抗炎作用机制可能与减少炎症组织NO和PGE₂含量有关。     

棒棒木不同提取部位初步药效学研究

采用氨水致咳小鼠动物模型来评价棒棒木不同提取部位的镇咳作用,二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和热板实验以及醋酸致小鼠扭体法实验研究比较棒棒木不同提取部位的抗炎、镇痛作用.结果表明:棒棒木石油醚和正丁醇提取部位可延长氨水引起的小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数,而乙酸乙酯提取部位对咳嗽潜伏期和咳嗽次数的影响与空白对照组相比无显著性差异,棒棒木的各个提取部位均可减轻二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀的程度,减少醋酸所致的扭体次数,其中正丁醇提取部位的效果最强;石油醚和正丁醇提取部位可显著延长热板反应的痛阈值,而乙酸乙酯提取部位与空白组相比无显著差异.由此可推测棒棒木各提取部位均具有一定的抗炎作用,对外周性疼痛有较好的镇痛作用,其中石油醚和正丁醇提取部位具有良好的镇咳作用和中枢性疼痛的镇痛作用,是主要的有效提取部位.     

中药复方宫炎净的乙醇提取物抗炎作用研究

为探讨中药复方宫炎净乙醇提取物的抗炎作用,并筛选抗炎作用最好的乙醇提取物剂量。将实验小鼠分为生理盐水组、地塞米松组以及高、中、低剂量中药复方宫炎净乙醇提取物组,同时建立二甲苯所致耳廓肿胀、蛋清所致足趾肿胀、棉球所致肉芽肿小鼠炎症模型,通过测定小鼠耳廓肿胀率、足趾肿胀率以及棉球所致肉芽组织重来判定乙醇提取物的抗炎效果。结果表明：中剂量乙醇提取物能够显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀率,并显著低于高、低剂量乙醇提取物组（P〈0．05）,与地塞米松组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;各组均能明显降低蛋清所致小鼠足趾肿胀率,其中中剂量乙醇提取物组显著低于高、低剂量乙醇提取物组（P〈0．05）,极显著低于生理盐水组（P〈0．01）,与地塞米松组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;中剂量乙醇提取物能明显抑制棉球所致小鼠肉芽组织增生,并显著低于高、低剂量乙醇提取物组（P％0．05）,极显著低于生理盐水组（P〈0．01）,与地塞米松组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果显示,中药复方宫炎净的中剂量乙醇提取物抗炎效果最好。     

甘松抗心律失常有效组分的药理筛选

目的筛选藏药甘松抗心律失常的有效部位,方法采用不同极性溶荆提取,获得甘松各不同组分,以氯化钡、氯仿致小鼠心律失常模型对各组分的抗心律失常活性进行比较,结果甘松石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物对心律失常有明显对抗作用,与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）,结论甘松石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物有明显的抗心律失常作用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has