醋酸钾型除冰液薄液膜厚度对飞机用2024铝合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

利用新型低温薄液膜腐蚀实验装置,对飞机用2024铝合金在低温(-5℃)条件下的醋酸钾型除冰液薄液膜下的电化学腐蚀电化学行为进行了研究。结果表明:在较薄(低于240μm)的除冰液薄液膜下飞机用铝合金腐蚀电流密度随液膜厚度增加而增加,电荷转移电阻1/Rct随薄液膜厚度增加而增加;在较厚(高于240μm)的除冰液薄液膜下飞机用铝合金腐蚀电流密度随液膜厚度增加而减小,电荷转移电阻1/Rct随薄液膜厚度增加而减小。研究表明除冰液薄液膜对飞机铝合金的腐蚀速度随薄液膜厚度增加呈现先增加后减小的规律。     

铝合金表面非晶碳薄膜在硫酸盐还原菌作用下的腐蚀行为

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术在7A04铝合金表面制备类金刚石(DLC)薄膜,利用电化学阻抗谱与动电位极化曲线对基体与DLC薄膜在硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)中的腐蚀行为进行研究,通过红外光谱及拉曼光谱对腐蚀产物结构进行表征。实验结果表明,随着浸泡时间的增加,7A04铝合金自腐蚀电流密度从1.151×10^-7A/cm²增大至1.968×10^-5A/cm²。镀有DLC薄膜的铝合金的自腐蚀电流密度小于基体,且随着浸泡时间的增加变化不大,在SRB溶液中表现出优异的耐蚀性。红外光谱、拉曼光谱及电化学阻抗谱的结果表明,镀有DLC薄膜的7A04铝合金在SRB溶液浸泡过程中,表面吸附较多的微生物及其代谢产物,薄膜表面耦合微生物膜是抑制SRB腐蚀的主要原因。     

3.5%NaCl薄液膜下碳钢的腐蚀行为研究

为了进一步研究碳钢的海洋大气腐蚀机理,为减缓碳钢在海水环境薄液膜下的腐蚀提供理论与实验依据,采用自制的薄液膜腐蚀实验装置,利用交流阻抗法和极化曲线法讨论了碳钢材料在不同厚度3.5%Na Cl薄液膜下腐蚀行为。结果表明,碳钢在薄液膜下的腐蚀比在全浸状态下的腐蚀更为严重;薄液膜腐蚀过程主要由浓度极化和活化极化两部分共同控制。在较薄液膜下,金属腐蚀速度主要由浓度极化控制;膜层较厚时,腐蚀速度主要由活化极化反应控制。溶液电阻随着膜厚的增大先迅速降低然后呈缓慢降低趋势,最终趋于稳定。     

纯铁在均匀液膜下的CO_2腐蚀机制

液膜下的CO_2腐蚀是湿天然气管道内腐蚀破坏的重要形式,对其腐蚀机制的认知还非常有限。自主设计、搭建一套可实现温湿度控制、液膜厚度表征与控制以及三电极电化学测试的试验装置,结合电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线等电化学测试,研究纯铁在不同CO_2分压环境、不同厚度均匀液膜中的CO_2腐蚀行为机制。结果表明:液膜下的CO_2腐蚀过程受阴极扩散控制,电极表面扩散层厚度小于1 000μm;液膜厚度小于1 000μm时,腐蚀速率整体随液膜厚度增大呈增大趋势,因受到CO_2溶解度与腐蚀产物膜的影响,腐蚀速率在液膜厚度为400μm时出现局部极值;液膜厚度小于400μm时,CO_2在液膜中的溶解度是制约腐蚀速率的重要因素;液膜厚度在400～1 000μm时,腐蚀产物膜成为影响腐蚀速率的主要因素;薄层液膜环境下增加CO_2分压既可提高腐蚀速率又可以促进腐蚀产物膜的生成。     

低碳贝氏体钢在薄液膜下的初期腐蚀

用质量分数3.5%的NaCl溶液作为腐蚀液,滴于低碳铁素体钢、09CuPCrNi钢和低碳贝氏体钢的表面并形成薄液膜,用金相显微镜观测薄液膜下三种钢的初期腐蚀.低碳铁素体钢和09CuPCrNi钢均出现了明显的晶界择优腐蚀,而低碳贝氏体钢没有出现明显的晶界择优腐蚀.钢基体的电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线测量结果显示低碳贝氏体钢具有最高极化电阻和最小腐蚀电流,表明细晶组织的低碳贝氏体钢的初期腐蚀速率低于其他两种钢.     

CO2分压对N80钢腐蚀产物膜保护性能的影响

利用高温高压釜对N80钢进行了两种温度、不同CO2分压下的腐蚀实验.测量了腐蚀速率,观察了腐蚀产物膜的宏观形貌及去除腐蚀产物膜后金属基体的表面状态,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌并测量了膜的厚度,对在不同条件下成膜的N80钢进行了电化学极化曲线与交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析.结果表明:CO2分压升高,腐蚀产物膜保护性能提高,但由于介质的腐蚀性增强,腐蚀速率上升;膜局部缺陷是导致金属基体表面点蚀的主要诱因,CO2分压升高有利于减少65℃时膜表面的局部缺陷;在90℃下腐蚀产物膜的保护性能比65℃下对CO2分压的变化更为敏感.     

X65钢CO2腐蚀产物膜电化学行为研究

在模拟油田CO2腐蚀环境下,利用失重法、极化曲线及交流阻抗技术研究了X65钢在不同腐蚀时间和不同温度下形成的腐蚀产物膜特征。结果表明,腐蚀产物膜的生成可以显著降低腐蚀电流密度;从65℃,75℃到90℃时,随着温度的升高,腐蚀速率逐渐下降;从90℃到115℃时,腐蚀速率又开始上升。不同腐蚀时间电化学阻抗谱(EIS)曲线主要有高频容抗弧、低频感抗弧和低频容抗弧,其中低频感抗弧与试样表面活化溶解有关,低频容抗弧与试样表面腐蚀产物膜的生成有关。随着温度的升高,腐蚀产物膜的交流阻抗谱形状发生了变化。     

碳钢在含Cl- 和SO42-碱性溶液中腐蚀规律的局部交流阻抗

 通过局部交流阻抗(LEIS)研究了碳钢在含Cl^-和SO₄^2-中性和碱性溶液中的腐蚀行为,并采用显微激光拉曼光谱技术进行了腐蚀产物的分析.研究结果表明,碳钢在中性和碱性溶液中均发生不同程度的腐蚀.在浸泡初期,碱性溶液中的腐蚀速率小于中性溶液中的腐蚀速率,碳钢表面在相对较短时间内形成γ-FeOOH腐蚀产物,起到较好的阻碍Cl^-和SO₄^2-阴离子侵蚀的作用.随着在溶液中浸泡时间的延长,由于Cl^-和SO₄^2-阴离子的侵蚀作用,以及在初期对基体起到保护作用的腐蚀产物膜的破损,导致平均阻抗值的降低.特别是在碱性溶液中起始阶段具有较高的平均阻抗值,但在浸泡过程中,其平均阻抗值快速地降低,表明溶液中的Cl^-和SO₄^2-阴离子对腐蚀产物膜的侵蚀作用将促进Q235碳钢的腐蚀发展.     

恐龙化石的人工加速腐蚀研究

为了深入探讨恐龙化石的风化原因,为恐龙化石新型保护材料的研制提供理论支持,项目采用0.5,1,2mol/L硫酸溶液,二氧化碳饱和液与5%碳酸氢钠溶液对自贡出土恐龙化石进行人工加速腐蚀实验;利用失重法、XRD、XRF和显微法表征.结果表明:3种介质对化石腐蚀速率依次为硫酸溶液24.213 6g/(m2·h),二氧化碳0.663 7g/(m2·h),碳酸氢钠0.126 3g/(m2·h).硫酸溶液对化石腐蚀速率是二氧化碳的36.5倍,是碳酸氢钠溶液的191.7倍;在0.5mol/L硫酸溶液腐蚀下,XRD和XRF说明化石中CaCO3首先腐蚀,腐蚀量最大,腐蚀后化石中钙含量减少66.4%.化石腐蚀前后形貌变化与腐蚀速率一致.     

Mg-Zn-Zr合金表面氢氟酸改性研究

采用不同浓度(20wt%、40wt%)的氢氟酸在不同处理时间条件下(24 h,36 h)对Mg-Zn-Zr(Zn:4%,Zr:0.8%,Mg:其余)合金进行表面处理,电化学测试系统测试材料的极化曲线、交流阻抗,得到Mg-Zn-Zr合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀动力学参数.通过XRD、EDS及SEM分别分析了试样表面产物成分以及表面改性后腐蚀形貌.结果表明Mg-Zn-Zr试样经氢氟酸表面改性后生成了一层致密的MgF2膜,改性后的腐蚀速率明显降低.氢氟酸浓度不同,处理时间不同,腐蚀速率降低程度不同,而经过20wt%的氢氟酸表面处理的试样耐蚀性最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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