Influence of rarefaction wave on premixed flame structure and propagation behavior

To explore the influence of rarefaction wave on the structure and propagation behavior of the premixed propane/air flame in a rectangle combustion pipe, the techniques of high speed Schlieren photograph method, pressure measurement and so on are used to study the interaction processes between rarefaction wave and flame. Two cases of rarefaction wave-flame interaction were performed in the experiment. The experimental result shows that both the rarefaction waves can cause the flame transition from laminar to turbulent combustion quickly. The cowflow rarefaction wave decreases the flame speed, while the counterflow rarefaction wave leads the flame propagation speed to increasing on the whole, accompanied with sharp vibration.     

Influence of rarefaction wave on premixed flame structure and propagation behavior

To explore the influence of rarefaction wave on the structure and propagation behavior of the premixed propane/air flame in a rectangle combustion pipe, the techniques of high speed Schlieren photograph method, pressure measurement and so on are used to study the interaction processes between rarefaction wave and flame. Two cases of rarefaction wave-flame interaction were performed in the experiment. The experimental result shows that both the rarefaction waves can cause the flame transition from laminar to turbulent combustion quickly. The cowflow rarefaction wave decreases the flame speed, while the counterflow rarefaction wave leads the flame propagation speed to increasing on the whole, accompanied with sharp vibration.     

管道内运动火焰生成压力波及其特性的研究

从一维非定常守恒方程出发 ,本文用Richtmyer Lax Wendroff格式研究了压缩波、稀疏波、燃烧速率、火焰熄灭和管道长度对管内运动火焰生成压力波的影响 .结果表明 :相对于火焰面 ,同向压力波和异向稀疏波会加速火焰传播 ;异向压力波和同向稀疏波使火焰传播减速 ;增大燃烧速率使得和火焰面两侧的压力、温度增大 ;火焰熄灭时 ,火焰面变为接触间断面 ,同时产生稀疏波向火焰面两侧传播 .此后 ,接触间断面几乎处于滞止状态 ;增加管子长度会促使燃烧向爆轰转变 .     

充气囊体材料撕裂及破裂后流场特性研究

通过实验的方法对囊体材料的撕裂特性和加强筋的止裂效果进行了初步的研究,并以飞艇为例利用数值模拟研究了囊体材料局部破裂后,破口处气体外泄的非定常流场结构及其演变过程.结果表明:囊体破裂后,裂纹快速扩展,通过合理地设计加强筋的强度和布局,并保证加强筋与囊体材料粘结牢固,可以起到良好的止裂效果;破口形成后,由于飞艇内外稀疏波和压缩波的作用,流场处于强烈的非定常状态,气体外泄的速度远小于裂纹的扩展速度,飞艇泻压所需时间和破口的尺寸有很大的关系,稀疏波在飞艇内的传播情况直接影响了泻压后内部压力的分布,稀疏波反射次数越多,压力分布越均匀.     

点火能量对天然气空气预混合气层流燃烧的影响

通过改变点火线圈的充电时间,研究了充电时间与天然气空气预混合气点火能量、预混层流燃烧速度及压力和放热率等燃烧特性参数之间的关系.结果表明:点火能量随充电时间的增加而增大,当充电时间增加到6 ms时,点火能量的增加趋势减缓;点火能量能会影响火核的形成和初期火焰的发展,当火核半径发展到8mm时,火焰传播速度不受影响;压力峰值随点火能量的增加逐渐增大且峰值位置提前,当充电时间由2 ms增加到8 ms时,最大压力峰值增加了3.8％,峰值提前8.6 ms出现,火焰发展期和快速燃烧期分别缩短了5.2 ms和1.7ms.     

稀释气体对甲烷层流预混火焰燃烧速度的影响

基于GRI-Mech 3.0详细化学反应机理,利用预混燃烧模型(PREMIX Code)研究了甲烷-空气-稀释气层流预混火焰燃烧特性及火焰结构.重点探讨了不同化学当量比(0.5～1.5)、初始压力(0.05～0.40 MPa)、稀释气体种类(N2,CO2及H2O)和稀释摩尔比(0～0.35)对甲烷-空气-稀释气混合气层...     

火焰聚心和激波聚焦诱导爆震波

对几种不同结构形式的爆震发生器进行了数值模拟,来研究激波聚焦和火焰聚心现象、气动特性及其机理。数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学和化学动力学过程。数值计算发现用较低的点火能量对射流火焰燃烧器中可燃混合物点火,层流火焰在狭窄管壁作用下加速,射流火焰在轴线上汇聚过程,有利于激波的加强。强激波加速火焰,在多重激波与火焰反复作用下,激波和火焰面之间出现热点,热点迅速放大并形成压力很高的过驱爆震波,而后衰减为稳定的爆震波,不同的激波聚焦腔爆震波的形成过程不同。对数值计算的结果分析得出了起爆距离和稳定爆震距离,为进一步试验提供参考。     

Experimental and LES investigation of flame propagation in a hydrogen/air mixture in a combustion vessel

This work presents an experimental and numerical investigation of premixed flame propagation in a hydrogen/air mixture in a closed combustion vessel. In the experiment, high-speed schlieren video photography and pressure sensor are used to examine the flame dynamics and pressure transient. In the numerical study, a large eddy simulation （LES） based on a RNG sub-grid approach and a LES combustion model is applied to reproduce experi- mental observations. The effects of four physical phenomena on the burning velocity are considered in the combustion model, and the impact of grid type on the combustion dynamics is examined in the LES calculations. The flame experiences four stages both in experiment and LES calculations with structured and unstructured grids, i.e., spherical flame, finger-shaped flame, flame with its skirt in contact with the sidewalls, and tulip-shaped flame. The flame speed and pressure in the vessel develop with periodical oscillations in both the experiment and LES simulations due to the interaction of flame front with pressure wave. The numerical simulations compare well with the detailed experimental measurements, especially in term of the flame shape and position, pressure build-up, and periodical oscillation behaviors. The LES combustion model is successfully validated against the bench-scale experiment. It is put into evidence that mesh type has an impact to a certain extent on the numerical combustion dynamics, and the LES calculation on structured grid canpredict the flame dynamics and pressure rise more accu- rately than that on unstructured grid with the same mesh resolution. The flame shape is more asymmetrical in the LES on an unstructured grid than that on a structured grid, and both the flame speed and the pressure rise at the later flame stage are underestimated in the LES on the unstructured grid.     

甲烷-空气预混燃烧火焰的测量分析

本文介绍一种测量分析甲烷-空气预混燃烧火焰成份及其浓度的方法,并划分出火焰的反应区、产物区和环境区。该方法可用于烃类-空气类燃烧火焰的测量分析。     

火焰拉伸率对层流燃烧速度的影响

将层流火焰消耗速度的概念与反应进程变量(progress variable)的定义相结合,给出了积分层流燃烧速度的广义定义.在准一维稳态系统中,分析了积分层流燃烧速度与未燃气体位移速度和已燃气体位移速度之间的关系.对甲烷空气和丙烷空气拉伸层流预混火焰在常温常压下进行了数值计算,研究不同当量比时,火焰拉伸率对层流燃烧速度的影响.通过火焰前锋放热率的积分层流燃烧速度和燃料消耗率的积分层流燃烧速度进行比较,结果表明,低拉伸火焰的马克斯坦数(Markstein number)与渐进分析一致,也与球形火焰获得的实验数据吻合.     

基于OH - PLIF 的甲烷/空气旋射流扩散火焰实验研究

利用平面激光诱导荧光技术研究甲烷-空气旋射流扩散火焰中氢氧自由基(OH)的分布。通过OH-PLIF测量技术在已经设计完成的燃烧器(旋风燃烧器)开口上观察不同甲烷和空气的质量流量配比对火焰的温度、颜色变化、火焰的尺寸的影响以及这些因素和OH浓度分布的关系。OH-PLIF的图像是研究火焰结构和流场的有效工具;通过了解OH基的浓度分布来进一步改造发动机内部的结构,从而提高燃烧的效率。     

长直管道燃烧器中离子电流信号的特征分析及其在发动机中的应用

离子电流法作为一种新型的发动机检测方法已经得到了越来越广泛的应用。本试验用离子电流法,在长直管道燃烧器中对压缩天然气-空气混合气的燃烧特性进行了实验研究。实验发现,在天然气燃烧中,离子电流信号由火焰前锋区和燃烧后区两个峰值部分组成,火焰前锋区的离子主要由H3O 和自由电子组成,而燃烧后区的离子主要由NO 和自由电子组成。同时还发现,在火焰前锋区和燃烧后区内,随着偏置电压的升高,电场力加大,电场荷电作用增强,离子电流会增大。本试验为离子电流法在汽车代用燃料燃烧研究领域中的应用进行了一些基础研究。     

Measurement of laminar burning velocities of iso-butanol-air mixtures

The laminar burning velocity of iso-butanol-air mixtures was measured under different initial pressures, initial temperatures and equivalence ratios using high-speed schlieren photography and outwardly propagation flame in a constant volume combustion bomb. Based on the analysis of stretched flame propagation speed and stretch rate, the laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of iso-butanol-air flames are obtained. In accordance, with photos of flame, an analysis of flame stability and the influencing factors is carried out. The results show that the laminar burning velocity is decreased with the increase of initial pressure and is increased with the increase of initial temperature. The maximum value of laminar burning velocity is presented at the equivalence ratio of 1.2. The Markstein length is decreased with the increase of equivalence ratio. For specified equivalence ratio, the Markstein length is decreased with the increase of initial temperature and initial pressure. Thus, the flame instability is increased with the increase of equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure.     

Topological analysis of methane lean premixed flame in turbulent jet flow by direct numerical simulation

Direct numerical simulation is employed to investigate the premixed jet flame of methane in lean, combined with a detailed chemical kinetics including 17 species and 58 elemental steps and distinct Lewis numbers. Cold methane-air mixture at 0.55 equivalence ratio is injected into the coflow area with 9500 Reynolds number. The coflow ambient gas is set to be the burnt gas of the methane-air mixture in main jet and temperature is assigned to be the corresponding adiabatic flame temperature 1515 K. The whole s...     

低热值气体燃料层流燃烧特性

在定容燃烧弹中开展了当量比、燃料组分、初始压力对低热值气体燃料层流燃烧特性影响的试验研究,建立了准维双区模型,基于在定容弹内实测的压力曲线,计算了规范化质量燃烧率.研究结果表明:燃料中氮气比例的增加导致压力峰值降低,火焰发展期和燃烧持续期增长;化学计量比附近的燃料燃烧进行的较充分,压力峰值最高,火焰传播速率最快,燃烧持续时间短;初始压力的增加使质量燃烧率下降,燃烧持续期有所延长.     

甲烷/空气预混气的火焰传播过程

为研究爆炸罐内甲烷/空气预混气中火焰的传播过程,利用高速摄像仪对火焰的传播过程进行了拍摄,用压力测试系统测量了爆炸罐中压力的成长过程,分析了火焰传播特性,计算了层流燃烧速度和不同位置的爆炸特性值.研究结果表明:根据高速摄像仪得到的图片将预混火焰分为火焰稳定成长及剧烈燃烧阶段,用两种方法测得预混气的层流燃烧速度分别为0.344和0.391m/s.爆炸特性值的最大值出现在离点火位置0.75m处,壁面的爆炸特性值偏小.     

Numerical study on combustion of diluted methanol-air premixed mixtures

The effect of nitrogen dilution on the premixed combustion characteristics and flame structure of laminar premixed methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures are analyzed numerically based on an extended methanol oxidation mechanism. The laminar burning velocities, the mass burning fluxes, the adiabatic flame temperature, the global activation temperature, the Zeldovich number, the effective Lewis number and the laminar flame structure of the methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures are obtained under different nitrogen dilution ratios. Comparison between experiments and numerical simulations show that the extended methanol oxidation mechanism can well reproduce the laminar burning velocities for lean and near stoichiometric methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures. The laminar burning velocities and the mass burning fluxes decrease with the increase of nitrogen dilution ratio and the effect is more obvious for the lean mixture. The effective Lewis number of the mixture increases with the increase of nitrogen dilution ratio, and the diffusive-thermal instability of the flame front is decreased by the nitrogen addition. Nitrogen addition can suppress the hydrodynamic instability of methanol-air-nitrogen flames. The decrease of the mole fraction of OH and H is mainly responsible for the suppressed effect of nitrogen diluent on the chemical reaction in the methanol-air-nitrogen laminar premixed flames, and the NOx and formaldehyde emissions are decreased by the nitrogen addition.     

汽油在O2/CO2氛围下燃烧特性试验

基于定容燃烧可视化光学平台,模拟缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机缸内燃烧环境,研究汽油在O2/CO2氛围和空气氛围下均质燃烧特性以及火焰传播特性,研究结果表明当循环喷油量一定时,相比于空气氛围,汽油在氧气浓度为40%的O2/CO2氛围下燃烧的压力升高率提高了1.8倍,着火落后期和明显燃烧期缩短近50%,放热率的峰值增大了近1倍,且峰值相位提前。过量空气系数对汽油在O2/CO2氛围下燃烧的影响较大,化学当量比时放热率的峰值达到最大,随着过量空气系数增大,最大燃烧压力增大,最大压力升高率下降,放热率的峰值下降,且峰值相位后移,反应速率下降,明显燃烧期增大,且火焰传播速度明显下降。     

瓦斯爆炸火焰与压力波伴生关系的数值研究

从三维非定常守恒方程出发,采用58步化学反应模型,对瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰与压力波的伴生关系进行了数值模拟.在此基础上,模拟了氢氧燃烧驱动的破膜过程以及破膜前后压缩波、稀疏波对火焰阵面的影响;同时也详细研究了瓦斯爆炸过程中,压力波、火焰与障碍物的相互作用;通过实验和模拟验证了数学模型和所编程序的可靠性.     

Microstructure of premixed propane/air flame in the transition from laminar to turbulent combustion

In order to explore the flame structure and propagation behavior of premixed propane/air in the transi-tion from laminar to turbulent combustion, the high speed camera and Schlieren images methods were used to record the photograph of flame propagation process in a semi-vented pipe. Meanwhile, the super-thin thermocouple and ionization current probe methods were applied to detect the temperature distribution and reaction intensity of combustion reaction. The characteristics of propane/air flame propagation and microstructure were analyzed in detail by the experimental results coupled with chemical reaction thermodynamics. In the test, the particular tulip flame behavior and the formation process in the laminar-turbulent transition were disclosed clearly. From the Schlieren images and iron current results, one conclusion can be drawn that the small-scale turbulent combustion also appeared in laminar flame, which made little influence on the flame shape, but increased the flame thickness obviously.