新型二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂DIDTC浮选机理

合成了一种活性二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂——S-十二烷基,O-异丙基-黄原酸酯(DIDTC)并将其用于浮选分离黄铜矿和黄铁矿.浮选实验结果表明DIDTC具有比丁基黄药更好的选择性,紫外可见光谱证明DIDTC对铜离子比铁离子具有更强的吸附性.采用红外光谱和吸附实验研究了DIDTC对黄铜矿表面的吸附机理,实验结果表明在碱性环境中DIDTC可能通过其分子中的S原子和O原子同时与黄铜矿表面的铜原子发生了键合,并在浓度较高时形成多层吸附.另外,还采用普遍微扰理论和基于GGA/PW91作为交换相关函的密度泛函计算对上述结果进行了捕收剂的构效关系分析.     

烃基结构对黄药捕收剂浮选性能的影响

采用密度泛函理论计算了一系列黄药捕收剂的几何构型和电子结构,利用最高占据分子轨道能量、自然布局分析电荷、电负性和绝对硬度等参数判断黄药捕收剂的浮选性能.研究结果表明:黄药阴离子是浮选溶液中的活性成分,键合原子为C—S单键中的S原子.最高占据分子轨道能量可较好地解释直链黄药(C1~C6)的浮选性能随碳链增长而增强的现象.在黄药同分异构体中,与极性基相连的碳原子上支链越多,烷基给电子诱导效应越强,该异构体的捕收活性越强.黄药同分异构体(C3~C5)的捕收活性顺序为:叔烃基黄药>仲烃基黄药>异烃基黄药.     

配体保护下Zn_mCd_nSe_(10)(m+n=10)量子点的密度泛函理论研究

使用密度泛函理论研究了PH_3配体与Zn_mCd_nSe_(10)(m+n=10)三元量子点相互作用形成的吸附产物的结构和性质.Zn_mCd_nSe_(10)量子点中的Zn和Cd金属原子分别与PH_3中的P原子形成Zn–P和Cd–P配位键,其吸附能、最低空轨道(LUMO)和态密度(PDOS)等性质随着掺杂Zn原子的增多而逐渐变化.研究发现随着Zn原子增多使PH_3配体的平均吸附能和最高占据轨道-最低空轨道(HOMO-LUMO)能隙值逐渐增大,表明掺入Zn阻碍了电子从HOMO转移到LUMO,其LUMO轨道主要分布在Zn_mCd_nSe_(10)量子点主体.其转移的电荷变化不大,各个吸附产物的态密度中p轨道占主导.     

含硫非离子型极性捕收剂的结构与性能——兼论新型高效捕收剂研制途径

本文归纳国内外关于含二价硫非离子型极性捕收剂浮选应用结果,并用分子轨道及原子键参数方法,从药剂结构-性能关系方面讨论它们具有优良性能的原因及今后研制高效捕收剂的途径。这种捕收剂的特点是:选择性高,用量少,兼有起泡性。它们的高选择性主要由于键合基C=S,—S—的正配键能力比—SH基降低,反馈配键能力增强以及分子断面加大,空间可接近性低所致。它们兼有起泡性是由于分子中同时带有亲固基及亲本基二种极性基,以及非极性基数目多(二个以上),极性基极性弱,亲水-疏水比例小所致。它们用量低是由于药剂化学活性小,在矿浆中无效消耗(矿泥吸附,金属离子沉淀)少,每个分子盖罩矿物表面积大,以及药剂在固气界面吸附量大,发生Γ_(LG)向Γ_(SG)转移。向药剂分子中C=S,—S—基附近引入高电负性基团或原子,可进一步提高药剂作用选择性。     

外电场作用下MgH分子性质及光谱特性

采用不同方法和基组,对MgH分子的基态结构进行优化计算,将计算结果与实验值进行比较,最终选取MP2方法和6-311++G(2d,2p)基组,获得不同强度外电场对MgH分子基态键长、电荷布局、能量、偶极矩、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能级和最低空轨道(LUMO)能级及能隙(Eg)、振动频率和红外光谱强度等物理性质的影响.结果表明,MgH分子性质及光谱对外电场的大小和方向有明显依赖关系.随着正向外电场的增大,分子键长逐渐减小; Mg原子和H原子周围电荷布居数减小;总能量先升高后降低,在F=0.01a. u.时能量达到最大为-5 446.275 1 e V,偶极距先减小后又增大,HOMO能减小,LUMO能和能隙先增后减,谐振频率出现红移而强度减弱,其结果对研究双原子分子的光谱特性具有重要意义.     

硫羰基捕收剂分选硫化矿的研究

用三种硫羰基捕收剂(乙基氨基硫逐甲酸异丙酯,二乙基氨基二硫代甲酸腈乙酯及乙基黄原酸丙烯酯)分离浮选黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿。实验确定三种药剂分选硫化矿结果明显优于黄药;并给出捕收性及分选选择性大小顺序。对于Pb—Zn,Cu—Zn及Cu—Fe分选时受Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+)活化的影响也作了研究。根据分子轨道理论计算判据及对药剂起泡机理的研究,讨论了药剂的起泡性能及由气泡表面转向固-气界面的迁移吸附机理;在此基础上阐述药剂选择性高、用量小的特性。     

无机化学教学中的电负性应用

电负性是原子结构的一个重要性质,应用电负性值可以判断化学键的极性,计算键的离子性。异核双原子分子的键能。本文用电负性数值解释过渡元素氧化态变化规律.利用成酸元素R及其氧的电负性计算含氧酸根离子的电负性及其组成原子上的局部电荷,根据局部电荷值判断含氧酸强度及其变化规律,从而揭示影响含氧酸强度的实质。此外用成酸元素最高氧化态的电负性讨论了VO_4~(3-).CrO_4~(2-).MnO_4~-的电荷迁移作用。     

MgB7团簇结构和电子性质的计算研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-311+G*和B3PW91/6-311+G*方法,应用Gauussian 03程序,对中性和带电的MgB7杂硼原子团簇的几何结构、稳定性和电子结构进行了理论研究.结果发现,镁原子(Mg)的掺杂,并没有改变B7团簇的锥形结构,B7单元的结构对称性并没有因此而降低,说明了B7单元作为配体和镁形成了MgB7类似络合物.在B3LYP/6-311+G*水平下,计算了MgB7团簇的结合能、最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO)的能量差(Gap),并用自然键轨道(NBO)分析方法对电子结构进行了较为详细的讨论.     

3CaO·3Al2O3·BaSO4与3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4的水化活性差异——应用量子化学算法的研究

用量子化学中电荷自洽离散变分Xα方法(SCC-DV-Xα)对水泥矿物3CaO*3Al2O3*BaSO4和3CaO*3Al2O3*CaSO4的键级、原子净电荷以及分子轨道能级等信息进行了分析研究.结果表明(1) 在这两个矿物中,Ca、Ba原子对水化活性的贡献比Al重要;(2) 3CaO*3Al2O3*BaSO4中Ca、Ba原子的净电荷高于3CaO*3Al2O3*CaSO4中的Ca(1)、Ca(2)原子,而其键级、最低空分子轨道(LUMO)与最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级之差均低于3CaO*3Al2O3*CaSO4,这些结果可用以解释3CaO*3Al2O3*BaSO4水化活性高于3CaO*3Al2O3*CaSO4水化活性的原因.     

浮选剂的结构与性能(Ⅰ)

本文用分子轨道理论指数和基团电负性研究浮选结构-活性关系三种因素中的价键因素和疏水-亲水因素。用计算数据组成一组药剂活性判据,预测药剂浮选行为(作用专属性,选择性和能力大小)以及解释机理,讨论药剂在矿物表面化学吸附时键合原子位置,价键种类,分子中极性/非极性结构关系及各原子间的相互影响等,为寻找特定性能药剂指出途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the