考虑软岩参数随时间变化的非定常西原蠕变模型参数辨识及数值模拟

为了准确地描述软岩蠕变规律,基于经典西原模型,考虑软岩参数随时间的变化,建立一种非定常西原模型,并采用单轴压缩蠕变试验研究软岩的蠕变力学特性,基于单轴压缩蠕变试验数据对所建立模型进行参数辨识;利用ABAQUS软件的二次开发功能,将所建立模型嵌入其中进行软岩蠕变过程的数值模拟。结果表明：通过拟合单轴压缩蠕变试验数据并辨识相关参数,相关系数不小于0.997,所建立模型与实际情况吻合度较高,可准确地描述软岩的初期蠕变、等速蠕变、加速蠕变3个阶段;模拟结果与单轴压缩蠕变试验结果基本吻合,验证了所建立模型可以在数值软件中准确应用并进行相关工程计算。     

冻土蠕变模型在ABAQUS中的二次开发

为了使广义西原模型可以描述冻土的各个变形阶段,用非线性牛顿体替代线性牛顿体进行改进,采用类比的方法将冻土单轴应力状态下的本构方程推广到三维状态;在ABAQUS中利用二次开发平台,编写了改进广义西原模型的UMAT子程序,并在单轴、三轴蠕变条件下进行检验。单轴蠕变的数值解与解析解计算结果十分吻合,两淮地区深部冻结粘土三轴蠕变试验模拟值与实验值相符。表明改进的广义西原模型可以很好地描述冻土蠕变变形特征,包括加速蠕变阶段,UMAT子程序可以用于冻结法施工工程数值模拟。     

板岩流变特性试验与模型辨识

针对江西武吉高速公路隧道的Ⅱ～Ⅴ级围岩,通过分级增量循环加卸载试验、剪切流变试验和双轴压缩流变试验研究围岩的流变特性,并对模型进行辨识.试验结果表明Ⅱ～Ⅳ级围岩具有过渡蠕变和定常蠕变过程,表现为脆性破坏;Ⅴ级围岩则具有过渡蠕变、定常蠕变和加速蠕变过程,表现为塑性破坏.通过模型辨识,采用广义Kelvin模型模拟Ⅱ～Ⅳ级围岩,采用非线性流变元件NRC模型与西原模型的串联模型模拟Ⅴ级围岩,可较好模拟围岩流变特性;同时得到与应力水平有关的围岩流变力学参数.模型辨识的方法可应用于板岩以外的其他岩石.     

考虑节理影响的岩体非线性流变模型

为研究节理岩体蠕变全过程,引入非线性黏性元件和节理裂隙塑性体,并将其与传统的伯格斯模型串联,得到一种新的复合流变模型。推导该模型一维和三维蠕变本构方程,并运用该复合模型及传统伯格斯模型分别对岩石试样蠕变实验全过程曲线进行辨识,得到模型的各项蠕变参数。研究结果表明:复合流变模型对试验数据的拟合结果明显优于传统伯格斯模型的拟合结果。该模型不仅能充分反映岩石试样的初期蠕变和稳定蠕变过程,而且能很好地描述加速蠕变过程,同时又能体现节理裂隙对蠕变的影响。     

基于广义Kelvin模型的三维流变损伤本构模型

岩石加速流变阶段蠕变损伤引起的附加蠕变是导致岩石破坏加快的重要原因．以一维广义Kelvin体应力应变关系为基础,推演三维流变本构方程,并引入Kaehanov损伤演化方程,建立了基于广义Kelvin模型的三维流变损伤本构模型．通过对花岗片麻岩三轴流变试验结果的模拟,验证了该模型的有效性．结果表明：基于广义Kelvin模型的流变损伤本构模型可以反映花岗片麻岩的减速蠕变和等速蠕变过程,并且可较理想地反映加速蠕变过程．     

混合花岗岩加载细观力学特性及破裂演化规律

根据室内试验获得的岩石宏观物理力学参数及岩样切片扫描图,基于颗粒流理论和PFC程序建立混合花岗岩颗粒细观几何模型,标定模型材料细观力学参数,采用Fish语言编制加载命令流并调整相应函数,对岩石单轴和三轴压缩试验进行模拟.通过对试验与模拟应力-应变曲线、AE声发射与PFC程序中“Crack”裂纹监测成果等的综合比较研究,获得荷载作用下杏山铁矿-45 m水平混合花岗岩细观力学特性、微破裂行为以及岩石微裂隙发展与宏观破裂演化规律.通过对混合花岗岩单轴和不同围压下三轴压缩PFC模拟曲线与室内试验结果的比较可知,PFC模拟能准确地表征荷载下岩石颗粒的细观力学特性和运动学行为.     

基于西原体模型的非定常岩石蠕变模型

为了能反映岩石稳定蠕变阶段力学参数的非线性和准确模拟岩石加速蠕变变形,通过将非线性函数引入Kelvin模型和构建一个关于蠕变破坏时间的损伤黏性元件进而得到一个非线性损伤西原体模型;基于塑性力学理论,推导了该模型的本构方程、一维和三维蠕变方程;引入蠕变试验数据验证该模型并对模型参数进行分析。结果表明该模型对不同形式的岩石蠕变曲线都能较好的模拟,模型参数可以表征岩石蠕变的非线性特征,可为蠕变模型的研究提供一定的参考。     

一种改进的岩石黏弹塑性加速蠕变力学模型

为了全面描述岩石蠕变全过程,克服线性牛顿体不能准确描述加速蠕变的不足,在引入非线性蠕变体模型基础上,结合流变力学模型理论,定义应力与试件长期强度的比值为加速蠕变速率幂级数n,模型发生加速蠕变时的总蠕变量为蠕变特征长度εc,进而得到一种改进的能够描述岩石黏弹塑性加速蠕变的力学模型。结合东乡铜矿砂质页岩单轴压缩下分级增量循环加卸载蠕变试验,对模型参数的辨识进行解释,并将该模型的蠕变拟合曲线与实验的蠕变曲线进行对比。研究结果表明:该模型能很好地描述了岩石的加速蠕变特性。     

基于Burgers模型的流变损伤本构模型

在三维Burgers黏弹性流变模型的基础上,引入基于等效应变的损伤变量,建立了三维非线性流变损伤模型.推导了三维非线性流变损伤模型在三轴压缩下的轴向和侧向蠕变方程,并通过对向家坝砂岩三轴压缩蠕变试验结果的模拟,验证了模型的有效性.结果表明,基于Burgers模型的流变损伤模型,不仅可以反映砂岩的初期衰减和稳态蠕变阶段,而且也可以很好地反映砂岩的加速蠕变损伤过程.     

三轴压缩下红砂岩峰后蠕变力学特性试验

为研究岩石峰后蠕变力学特性,利用MTS815电液伺服岩石力学试验系统,对红砂岩进行三轴压缩下峰后蠕变试验.分析了红砂岩峰后蠕变特征,估算了红砂岩峰后长期强度,采用改进的西原模型对峰后蠕变特性进行了描述,确定了模型参数.结果表明:红砂岩峰后蠕变破坏应力下并不直接进入加速蠕变阶段,而是由等速蠕变阶段逐渐向加速蠕变阶段转化.红砂岩峰后蠕变变形主要集中于加速蠕变阶段,加速蠕变阶段短时间内蠕变的剧烈变形是岩石失稳破坏的重要原因.随着荷载的加大,岩样的破坏形态由单一的剪切破坏与裂纹扩展等破坏形式逐渐向多剪切破坏演化,破坏块体增多,岩样更加破碎.本次试验红砂岩峰后长期强度仅为其峰值强度的42.56%,长期强度折减量较大.红砂岩峰后蠕变特性可用改进的西原模型进行描述,各级应力水平下模型曲线与试验曲线拟合较好.研究结果为深部工程围岩峰后流变力学特性研究提供了一定的参考意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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