发光铜纳米粒子的制备及其在生化传感、环境监测中的应用综述

发光铜纳米簇具有与金、银贵金属纳米簇相媲美的荧光性质,还具有原料储量丰富、制备经济、合成过程简便等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。系统地介绍了铜纳米簇的主要性质、制备方法及应用现状,重点总结了近年来荧光铜纳米簇在生化传感器、生物探针、细胞成像、环境标志物检测等领域的应用进展。     

金纳米团簇荧光探针的合成与生物检测应用

近年来,纳米技术发展迅速。荧光金纳米材料展现出的独特光学特性使其在生物检测和医学诊断中表现出了很好的应用前景。通过改变配体或者生物支架合成的各种荧光金纳米团簇(gold nanocluster,Au NCs),在传感检测、医学成像和光电子学等领域具有潜在的应用前景。就荧光和共振光散射技术和方法对水溶性的荧光金纳米团簇的合成以及检测机理作出介绍,并简单总结了金纳米团簇作为荧光探针在生物检测,包括金属离子、阴离子、有机小分子、蛋白质和核酸等各种分析物检测中的应用。同时,评述和展望了荧光金纳米团簇研究的发展方向和应用前景。     

DNA 稳定的银纳米簇用于检测端粒酶活性研究

摘要: 目的 建立利用 DNA 稳定的银纳米簇检测端粒酶活性的方法。方法 利用合成的寡核苷酸序列能稳定银纳米的特点,在强还原剂硼氢化钠存在下还原银离子得到具有良好荧光特性的银纳米簇。结果 利用端粒酶活性能够延伸 5' － ( TTAGGG) n － 3'的特性,以及含有 G 碱基的 DNA 序列靠近银纳米簇合成模板时,合成的银纳米簇的荧光明显提升特性建立端粒酶活性检测的方法。结论 合成了以寡核苷酸为模板的银纳米簇并对其荧光特性进行表征,建立了 DNA 稳定的银纳米簇用于检测端粒酶活性的方法。     

荧光银纳米团簇在生物化学传感分析中的应用

银纳米团簇(silver nanoclusters,Ag NCs)是一种新型的荧光纳米材料,一般由几个到上百个原子组成,近些年来得到了广泛的关注.银纳米团簇具有尺寸小(2nm)、比表面积大、光物理性质好、表面易于修饰及荧光性质可调节等优点.作为新型荧光探针,荧光银纳米团簇已成功用于对金属离子(如Hg2+、Cu2+)及重要的生物活性物质如过氧化氢、葡萄糖、半胱氨酸和抗坏血酸等小分子化合物的检测.本文结合当前的研究现状,综述了银纳米团簇在生物化学传感分析中的应用,并对银纳米团簇的研究方向和发展前景进行了展望.     

胞嘧啶保护银纳米簇的合成及其成像研究

利用胞嘧啶(C碱基核苷酸)、硼氰化钠(NaBH_4)、硝酸银(AgNO_3)为原料合成了含不同C碱基保护的银纳米簇,并采用荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)、透射电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜对C碱基核苷酸保护的银纳米簇进行了检测和表征.荧光光谱分析发现,C碱基核苷酸保护的银纳米簇有良好的荧光,透射电镜结果表明纳米簇颗粒小于2nm,共聚焦成像结果说明胞嘧啶保护银纳米簇能进入癌细胞,同时能细胞成像.     

碳点的制备及其生物成像与生物检测应用

碳点(CDs)作为一种新的含碳荧光纳米粒子,由于其良好的生物相容性引起了广泛的关注。碳点不仅被用于生物成像探针,还被用来作为生物传感探针。目前,碳点的合成、结构与性质、荧光机理以及对生物相容性和生物应用的评价等方面都有了很大的进展。从碳点的合成方法、荧光性质以及在生物成像和生物检测应用方面进行了概述,重点阐述了碳点用于荧光比率传感的设计与构建,并对碳点研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了评述与展望。     

荧光碳量子点的合成与生物成像应用及生物安全性研究进展

荧光探针在生命科学领域被广泛应用于生物成像领域.随着纳米技术的迅速发展,一些新类型的纳米荧光探针应运而生.荧光碳量子点(carbon dots)以其良好的生物相容性、优异的的抗光漂白能力、长荧光寿命和宽荧光光谱区域,在生物成像方面有广泛的应用前景.重点关注近年来碳量子点在合成、生物成像以及生物安全性方面的进展,对开发成更安全和更灵敏的碳量子点探针进行了探讨.     

基于金纳米簇构建荧光传感方法在生化分析中的应用研究

近几年来,基于配体保护的金纳米簇的合成工艺迅速发展,采用各种生物和有机化合物合成配体,多种结构性质和功能迥异的金纳米簇被成功制备.并且相较于其他金属纳米簇,金纳米簇在表现出良好生物相容性和物化性质的同时还具有较高的稳定性和合成效率,受到了各个领域的广泛关注,尤其是在化学和生物物质的传感领域.本文综述了采用荧光传感方法,...     

贵金属纳米材料用于生物成像研究进展

 贵金属纳米材料在光稳定性、光信号强度、生物兼容性等方面具有其他材料无法比拟的优势,已成功应用于各科学研究领域,尤其是在生命科学与生物医学研究等方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文简介贵金属纳米材料在荧光成像、拉曼成像、暗场成像的成像原理及优缺点,综述贵金属纳米材料在生物成像方面的最新研究进展。随着纳米合成技术的快速发展及检测手段的提高,贵金属纳米材料将会从基础的科学研究领域更全面地走向实际应用。而单分子光谱和光学显微成像技术取得了长足的进步,很有可能带给生物成像表征手段一次全新的革命。     

金属纳米团簇在生物医学领域的研究进展

金属纳米团簇具有独特的超小尺寸和光、磁、催化等性能,以及优异的生物相容性等特征,在生物医学研究中备受关注.但其存在发光效率偏低、活体代谢速度较快等问题.为此介绍近几年通过合成优化和发光调控等方法提高金属纳米团簇的检测与成像灵敏度和肿瘤诊疗能力的研究进展.探究金属纳米团簇的肾代谢和生物酶催化性能;开发具有精确原子数、高效生物相容性和肿瘤靶向性的金属纳米团簇;突破其近红外发光量子产率限制,提高光声-磁共振造影等性能,将是未来该领域研究的重要方向.     

Copper nanoclusters: Synthesis,characterization and properties

Metal nanoclusters with a core size smaller than 2 nm have attracted much attention because of their unique physical and chemical properties.Among the studied metal nanoclusters,gold and silver have been studied extensively by size-controlled synthesis, structural characterization and properties investigations.Recently,considerable research effort has been devoted to the investiga- tion of copper nanoclusters.In this review,we highlight recent progress in the study of copper nanoclusters in terms of synthesis methods,characterization techniques and their novel optical and catalytic properties.     

精确尺寸巯基保护贵金属纳米团簇的合成进展

金属纳米团簇作为凝聚态物质的初始形态之一,在金属原子/分子化合物向金属纳米颗粒形成的过程中起着桥梁作用.因其具有量子局限效应,团簇往往表现出特异的光学、催化等性质.近几十年来的研究发现,单个原子的改变会对团簇的几何结构以及电子结构产生显著的影响.同时,精确的结构可以有效地建立结构与性质之间的关系.因此,合成具有精确结构的纳米团簇在近年来受到广泛关注.笔者对巯基保护精确结构金属纳米团簇合成方法的建立以及发展进行了综述.     

One-step facile synthesis of Pd nanoclusters supported on carbon and their electrochemical property

Well-crystallized Pd nanoclusters supported on Ketjen Black(KB) were successfully fabricated when Pd wires were served as an electrode pair by a solution plasma technique at atmospheric pressure. The synthesis of Pd nanoclusters was almost simultaneous with their dispersion on KB.Pd nanoclusters with the average diameter of about 2 nm were equably distributed on KB, and showed good electrochemical property corresponding to their obvious characteristic peaks. Multi-scan cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry clarified that as-prepared Pd nanoclusters have better electrochemical stability in alkaline solution than that of in acidic solution. Thus as-obtained Pd nanoclusters would become a promising electrocatalyst for fuel cells or Li-air batteries.     

Three-dimensional atomic-scale structure of size-selected gold nanoclusters

An unambiguous determination of the three-dimensional structure of nanoparticles is challenging. Electron tomography requires a series of images taken for many different specimen orientations. This approach is ideal for stable and stationary structures. But ultrasmall nanoparticles are intrinsically structurally unstable and may interact with the incident electron beam, constraining the electron beam density that can be used and the duration of the observation. Here we use aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, coupled with simple imaging simulation, to determine with atomic resolution the size, three-dimensional shape, orientation and atomic arrangement of size-selected gold nanoclusters that are preformed in the gas phase and soft-landed on an amorphous carbon substrate. The structures of gold nanoclusters containing 3096 atoms can be identified with either Ino-decahedral, cuboctahedral or icosahedral geometries. Comparison with theoretical modelling of the system suggests that the structures are consistent with energetic considerations. The discovery that nanoscale gold particles function as active and selective catalysts for a variety of important chemical reactions has provoked much research interest in recent years. We believe that the detailed structure information we provide will help to unravel the role of these nanoclusters in size- and structure-specific catalytic reactions. We note that the technique will be of use in investigations of other supported ultrasmall metal cluster systems.     

银纳米材料制备和应用进展

 银纳米复合材料由于其优良的综合性能而具有广阔的应用前景,已成为纳米材料研究的热点。本文综述了银纳米颗粒和银纳米复合材料的化学制备方法,包括化学还原法、光还原法、微乳液法、电化学法等,指出了化学还原法由于容易控制粉末粒度和形貌,生产成本相对较低,是目前研究和应用最广的制备纳米银粉的方法,在制备过程中加入保护剂是防止纳米银颗粒团聚的有效方法;分析了银纳米材料在催化材料、抗菌材料、电子电路、表面增强拉曼光谱及其他领域的应用,复合银纳米材料已经在乙烯氧化制环氧乙烷催化剂和抗菌塑料中得到商业化应用;提出制备尺寸可控、形貌可控的银纳米粒子以及各种新型功能性银纳米材料将是今后研究的方向。     

Structural effects on the magnetic hyperthermia properties of iron oxide nanoparticles

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs) are heavily explored as diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to their low cost, tunable properties, and biocompatibility. In particular, upon excitation with an alternating current(AC) magnetic field, the NPs generate localized heat that can be exploited for therapeutic hyperthermia treatment of diseased cells or pathogenic microbes. In this review, we focus on how structural changes and inter-particle interactions affect the heating efficiency of iron oxide-based magnetic NPs. Moreover, we present an overview of the different approaches to evaluate the heating performance of IONPs and introduce a new theranostic modality based on magnetic imaging guided–hyperthermia.     

Chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters: Considering the optical activity from a viewpoint of ligand dissymmetric field

Chirality is a geometric property of a physical, chemical, or biological object, which is not superimposable on its mirror image. Its significant presence has led to a strong demand in the development of chiral drugs, sensors, catalysts, and photofunctional materials. In recent years, chirality of nanoscale organic/inorganic hybrids has received tremendous attention owing to potential applications in chiral nanotechnology. In particular, with the recent progress in the syntheses and characterizations of atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by achiral thiolates, atomic level origins of their chirality have been unveiled. On the other hand, chirality or optical activity in metal nanoclusters can also be introduced via the surface chiral ligands, which should be universal for the nanosystems. This tutorial review presents some optically-active metal (gold) nanoclusters protected by chiral thiolates or phosphines, and their chiroptical (or circular dichroism; CD) properties are discussed mostly from a viewpoint of the ligand dissymmetric field scheme. The examples are the gold nanoclusters protected by (R)-/(S)-2-phenylpropane-1-thiol, (R)-/(S)-mercaptosuccinic acid, phenylboronate-D/L-fructose complexes, phosphine sulfonate-ephedrinium ion pairs, or glutathione. Some methodologies for versatile asymmetric transformation and chiroptical controls of the nanocluster compounds are also described. In the dissymmetric field model as the origin of optical activity, the chiroptical responses of the gold nanoclusters are strongly associated with coupled oscillator and/or CD stealing mechanisms based on the concept of induced CD (ICD) derived from a perturbation theory, so on this basis, some characteristic features of the observed CD responses of chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters are presented in detail. We believe that various kinds of origins of chirality found in ligand-protected gold nanoclusters may provide models for understanding those of many related nanomaterials.