Microtextural characterization of as-cast and hot press-deformed TiN whiskers in TiNw-AINp/Al composite

The local distribution of preferred orientation and misorientation in TiN whiskers in TiNw-AINp/A1 composite system is investigated using backscattering electron diffraction combined with a scanning electron microscope. These preliminary results demonstrate the utility of this new automated technique for characterizing local textures in composite materials using backscattering electron diffraction. The composite investigated comprises TiN whiskers in a polycrystalline aluminum matrix. The local textures of samples before and after deformation were measured. The misorientation distributions show a breakdown of the monocrystal of TiN whisker in the deformed composite material relative to the starting material and an increase in small angle misorientations.     

A TiCx reinforced Fe (Al) matrix composite using in-situ reaction

A new Fe matrix composite reinforced by the in-situ generated TiCx grains was prepared using the element Fe and Ti3AlC2 powders as the starting materials.Several hot-pressing temperatures were tried for exploring the phase transformation behavior from Ti3AlC2 to TiC x.Microstructures of the hot-pressed product were observed and analyzed.A tensile test was carried out for the new composite material,and the fracture face was analyzed.The results showed that the starting Ti3AlC2 was wholly decomposed and transformed into submicron TiC x grains at the hotpressing temperature above 1100℃.Most of the Al ions escaped from Ti3AlC2 were aggregated at the grain boundary of Fe grains,but a small amount of Al ions could be absorbed by Fe and formed Fe(Al) alloy around the surface of Fe grains.The prepared material exhibited a higher tensile strength of about 660 MPa and a uniform deformation of about 7%.     

TiN/Al复合材料的微观组织及性能研究

用熔铸法制备了TiN/Al复合材料,通过SEM和EDS研究复合材料的微观组织和元素组成;测定了复合材料的布氏硬度和压缩性能.实验结果表明：用熔铸法制备TiN/Al复合材料,其增强相TiN均匀分布在基体中,随TiN含量的增加TiN由颗粒状、短棒状变成长条状;其布氏硬度和压缩强度随TiN含量的增加而增大.     

TiC/TiN/Al2O3复合陶瓷的研究进展

文章综述了TiC/TiN/Al2O3复合陶瓷的研究进展,介绍了复合陶瓷的制备工艺、组织与性能,探讨了材料成分对组织和力学性能的影响,总结了复合陶瓷的增韧机制及在刀具上的应用情况,指出纳米复合陶瓷是进一步改善强韧性的主要发展方向,为氧化铝陶瓷的广泛应用丰富了科学内涵.     

纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉的制备

采用W,C和Co粉为原料,经机械活化—反应热处理工艺制备纳米晶WC-6Co(质量分数)复合粉末。研究结果表明:机械活化可使混合粉末化学反应活性增大,扩散能力增强,体系能量增高;反应热处理阶段活化粉末的反应具有反应温度低,反应速度快的特点;在900℃热处理保温35 min制备出粒度为33.3 nm的纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。复合粉末晶粒粒度随热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长而缓慢增大,所制得复合粉末的热稳定性较好。     

SiCp 在 Al 基复合材料中分散行为的研究

研究了合金熔体的固相率、搅拌速度、合金元素加入量、粒子预处理和搅拌时间等因素对Ａｌ基复合材料中ＳｉＣ粒子分散行为的影响和ＳｉＣ粒子在Ａｌ合金熔体中的混合过程．实验结果表明，４０％～５０％的熔体固相率最适宜粒子在熔体中混入，由于Ｌｉ极易氧化不利于ＳｉＣ粒子在熔体中的均匀分散．而且随搅拌时间的延长和Ｍｇ量的增多，ＳｉＣ粒子的分散更趋向均匀化．     

累积叠轧Al/Cu复合板界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制

采用累积叠轧(ARB)结合多次退火处理制备了Al/Cu复合板,重点研究了Al/Cu界面反应层核-壳结构形成机制. 结果表明:Al/Cu界面反应层的形成主要依赖于退火过程中铜原子在界面处的扩散,反应产物包括Al₂Cu、AlCu、Al₄Cu₉. 轧制变形致使反应层破碎并在基体中均匀分布,轧后退火处理导致新的反应层不断形成.最终经多次叠轧及退火处理,原始铜板材全部转变为椭球状具有核-壳结构的Al/Cu金属间化合物颗粒. 8道次复合板抗拉强度最高,达到176.8 MPa,是退火态1060抗拉强度的1.74倍;0道次复合板延伸率较好,主要是Al/Cu界面分层后铝层均匀塑性变形,应力缓慢释放所致.     

PIA法制备MMCs骨架工艺及进展

综述了有机前驱体浸渍烧蚀法(PIA)制备金属基复合材料(MMCs)用金属间化合物或陶瓷网络结构预制体的工艺过程及技术方法，分析了其制备工艺特点，指出。PIA法是目前制备MMCs最方便有效的方法。并论述了工艺进展的情况，展望了其发展前景，提出下一步需要解决的问题。     

粉末冶金法制备混杂增强铜基复合材料的增强体竞争析出行为研究

Copper matrix composites reinforced by in situ-formed hybrid titanium boride whiskers (TiB_w) and titanium diboride particles (TiB_2p) were fabricated by powder metallurgy. Microstructural observations showed competitive precipitation behavior between TiB_w and TiB_2p, where the relative contents of the two reinforcements varied with sintering temperature. Based on thermodynamic and kinetic assessments, the precipitation mechanisms of the hybrid reinforcements were discussed, and the formation of both TiB_w and TiB_2p from the local melting zone was thermodynamically favored. The precipitation kinetics were mainly controlled by a solid-state diffusion of B atoms. By forming a compact compound layer, in situ reactions were divided into two stages, where Zener growth and Dybkov growth prevailed, respectively. Accordingly, the competitive precipitation behavior was attributed to the transition of the growth model during the reaction process.     

Effects of friction stir processing on the microstructure and superplasticity of in situ nano-ZrB2/2024Al composite

In this study, in situ nano-ZrB_2/2024 Al composites fabricated from 2024Al–K_2ZrF_6–KBF_4 system were processed by friction stir processing(FSP) to achieve superplasticity of the composites. And the effects of particle contents(1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%), matrix grain size(micron or submicron), strain rates(5×10~(-3)s~(-1), 1×10~(-2)s~(-1), 2×10~(-2)s~(-1) and deformation temperatures(400 K, 480 K, 600 K, 700 K, 750 K) on the superplasticity of the composites were investigated. After the friction stir processing, the coarse grains of the cast composites with matrix grain size of about 80–100 μm and nano-Zr B2 reinforcement size of 30–100 nm were crushed into small grains about 1 μm in size, and the uniformity of the nano-Zr B_2 reinforcements was also improved. And under the same superplastic tensile testing condition at the temperature of 750 K and strain rate of 5×10~(-3)s~(-1), the FSP nano 3 wt%Zr B_2/2024 Al composite exhibited an superplastic elongation of 292.5%, while the elongation of the corresponding cast composite was only less than 100%. Meanwhile, the m values of the FSP composites were always higher than the cast composites, especially the FSP composites with 3 wt% particles has the m value of 0.5321 i.e., the FSP composites should had better superplastic properties than cast ones. Furthermore, the FSP composites had higher apparent deformation activation energy(Q) than that of the lattice diffusion of pure aluminium, indicating that the deformation mechanisms of the FSP composites should be grain boundary sliding mechanisms.     

Fabrication and properties of Al matrix composites strengthened by in situ alumina particulates

New aluminum matrix composites strengthened by Al₂O₃ particulates through stirring cast by adding NH₄Al(SO₄)₂ to the molten aluminum have been fabricated. TEM observation shows that in-situ Al₂O₃ particulates are generally spherical and they are uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. Dry sliding wear test results show that the volume loss of the unreinforced Al matrix is about three times that of the Al₂O₃ reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) and the volume loss of the MMC fabricated by adding Al₂O₃ is larger than that of the MMC by adding NH₄Al(SO₄)₂. Lubricating sliding wear test results show that the volume loss of the MMCs increases more slowly than that of the matrix with the increasing of the load.     

Fabrication and morphology of NbCx-C composite three-dimensinal netted fibers

The raw materials were commercial powders of Nb2O5 (99.95%),reactive carbon (99.99%),NaCl (99.95%) and sucrose (99.94%).By the carbothermal method,the NbCx (x= 0.98)-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers were prepared in graphite resistance furnace in 0.1 MPa/N2 ambient atmosphere at temperature from 970 to 1 120℃.The diameters of composite three-dimensional netted fibers are 12-38 m m,the hole circumferences of netted fibers are 0.22-2.2 mm,and the hole diameters are 70-701 m m.The process conditions for fabricating NbCx-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers and related morphology,composition and crystal structure of NbCx-C composite netted fibers were investigated in detail.     

铝合金直接氧化合成Al／Al2O3研究现状

评述了Al-Mg-Si合金直接氧化合成Al/Al2O3的工艺、组织结构、性能，认为其中问题主要为：熔体表面Al/Al2O3氧化生长的不均匀性及Al/Al2O3复合材料组织中的孔隙给其在结构方面应用带来了限制。归纳了机制研究的显微通道假说、Mg作用模型、Si作用模型及诱发机制，指出了其中有待重视的几方面问题：氧在Al熔体中的扩散和传递过程；熔体表氧化物MgO和MgAl2O4的作用；Al-Mg-Si合金氧化组织中的固－气反应特征；Al-Mg-Si合金中Si的SiO2诱发机制以及它与Mg作用机制之间的关联性。     

复合地基中垫层作用机理

以土力学和弹性理论为基础推导出了刚性、半刚性桩复合地基的竖向变形协调方程,从理论上建立了垫层厚度及压缩模量对刚性、半刚性桩复合地基性质和形状的影响的数学表达式.在此基础上,得出了不同的垫层厚度及垫层模量对桩土应力比、桩身最大应力位置、桩身最大应力、桩土荷载传递的影响.研究结果表明增大垫层厚度及降低垫层模量都能缓解桩顶应力集中程度,但等沉面位置下降,桩端应力增大,因此,靠过多地提高垫层厚度和降低垫层模量来获得较低的桩土应力比不可取;垫层的最佳厚度为0.2～0.5 m,垫层的最佳压缩模量为30一100MPa,这与目前工程上常用的垫层厚度和垫层模量相符;利用该方法可对刚性、半刚性桩复合地基进行优化设计.     

氩弧熔覆原位合成TiN复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高钢材料的耐磨性,以Ti、TiN和Ni60A三种粉末作为涂层材料,采用氩弧熔覆、原位合成技术,在Q235钢表面制备TiN复合涂层.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、显微硬度计及滑动磨损实验机（MMS-2B）对复合涂层的显微组织结构、硬度和耐磨性进行分析.结果表明：涂层主要由TiN和α-Fe组成,TiN分布均匀且与基体呈现冶金结合,涂层显微硬度最高达738.17 GPa,耐磨性为Q235钢的8倍.涂层在室温干滑动摩擦磨损条件下表现出优异的耐磨损性能,具有应用价值.     

Fabrication and morphology of NbCx-C composite three-dimensinal netted fibers

The raw materials were commercial powders of Nb₂O₅ (99.95%), reactive carbon (99.99%), NaCI (99.95%) and sucrose (99.94%). By the carbothermal method, the NbC_x (x= 0.98)-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers were prepared in graphite resistance furnace in 0.1 MPa/N₂ ambient atmosphere at temperature from 970 to 1 120°C. The diameters of composite three-dimensional netted fibers are 12–38 μm, the hole circumferences of netted fibers are 0.22–2.2 mm and the hole diameters are 70–701 μm. The process conditions for fabricating NbC_x-C composite three-dimensional netted fibers and related morphology, composition and crystal structure of NbC_x-C composite netted fibers were investigated in detail.     

复合材料基体固化成型工艺综述

树脂基复合材料具有比强度高、比模量高、抗疲劳性能优良、工艺性能良好及具有可设计性等特点,一直受到工业界的重视,各种复合材料产品被应用到各行各业,尤其是在航空航天领域。复合材料从原材料到形成制品的过程,都需经过固化与成型,方法已经有几十种。文中介绍了国内外复合材料主要的基体固化方法、成型工艺和相关研究;固化方法主要有热固化、辐射固化与微波固化等,成型工艺主要有模压成型、渗透成型、缠绕成型与拉挤成型等;同时,对工艺研究与应用也进行了展望。     

近红外光响应香豆素基复合载体的构建及性能

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基（RAFT）聚合法制备了香豆素基紫外光响应凝胶（PG）,然后通过简单的共混法,利用上转换纳米粒子（UC）和PG构建了近红外光响应复合载体（UC-PG）。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了UC-PG的微观形貌,分别利用紫外分光光度计、荧光光度计及四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法（MTT法）研究了UC-PG的光化学性能、药物释放行为及HeLa细胞毒性。结果表明,UC-PG的紫外吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱有一定的重叠,可以实现近红外刺激响应。在近红外光（980 nm）照射下,UC-PG可以有效地释放模拟药物香豆素102;照射20 min后,香豆素102的累积释放率达72.6%,远高于PG在紫外光（365 nm）下照射20 min时的累积释放率（51.3%）。在光响应复合载体的存在下以及复合载体在20 min的释药过程中,复合载体对HeLa细胞的毒性均较低。以上结果表明所构建的近红外光响应香豆素基复合载体在药物释放领域具有潜在的应用前景。