超声与吹氩处理对钢液中夹杂物去除效果的对比研究

为提高钢的洁净度,减少钢中夹杂物含量,采用超声波工具头直接插入高温钢液进行处理的方法,对比研究了超声波处理和吹氩处理去除钢液中夹杂物的效果.结果表明:超声波单独处理可以减少钢液中Al2O3夹杂物,但去除率较低,约为4%～12%;随着超声处理时间的增加和超声波功率的减小,夹杂物去除率提高.吹氩单独处理时,钢液中夹杂物去除率较高,为29%～41%;随氩气流量的增加,夹杂物去除率呈升高的趋势.     

不同钢包吹氩工艺对夹杂物去除效果的比较

通过对新钢改进钢包吹氩工艺后的钢样电解分析发现,改进后的钢包吹氩工艺对大型夹杂物平均去除率达到了34.3%,特别是对于直径大于300μm的大型夹杂物去除率达到100%.利用扫描电镜对所取金相试样进行了夹杂物分析,确定了钢液中夹杂物的类型主要有:硅酸盐和硫化锰.利用金相显微镜对金相样中的显微夹杂物进行统计分析发现,改进吹氩方案下各个粒径范围的显微夹杂物都有一定减少,由此表明改进吹氩方案对显微夹杂物的去除有显著效果.吹氩的合理与否将直接决定钢液中的大型夹杂物和显微夹杂物的去除率.     

感应加热中间包夹杂物的运动及去除

针对某钢厂双通道式感应加热中间包,建立了三维非稳态数学模型来研究感应加热中间包内夹杂物的运动行为和去除率.从力平衡原理出发,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法分析了感应加热中间包内夹杂物的运动行为.建立了感应加热情况下夹杂物碰撞长大的数学模型,考察了夹杂物碰撞长大对其去除率的影响.结果表明,钢液流过通道受到紧箍作用,夹杂物会受电磁压力作用而向通道壁面运动,有利于夹杂物的去除;碰撞长大能够显著提高小粒径夹杂物的去除率;感应加热有助于夹杂物的去除,尤其是小粒径夹杂物.     

应用格子 Boltzmann方法直接数值模拟研究钢中夹杂物上浮及碰撞行为

采用格子Boltzmann方法对钢液中夹杂物上浮及上浮过程中的碰撞行为进行直接数值模拟研究。结果表明,不同尺寸夹杂物颗粒上浮速度的模拟结果和理论值基本一致,表明本文所采用的数值算法能够精确有效地对钢液中固相夹杂物颗粒运动行为进行研究。当钢液中直径为80μm的夹杂物颗粒位于直径为40μm的下方并一起上浮时,直径为80μm的夹杂物颗粒会逐渐追赶上直径为40μm的夹杂物颗粒并发生碰撞形成大尺寸凝聚体,凝聚体的上浮速度显著大于二者单独上浮时的上浮速度。对于直径为40μm的夹杂物来说,形成凝聚体后的上浮速度比单独上浮时的上浮速度增加300%。实际炼钢过程中,采取必要的措施增加夹杂物颗粒之间上浮过程中的碰撞凝聚,对于提高夹杂物颗粒的上浮速度,尤其是小尺寸夹杂上浮去除速度,提高钢液的洁净度具有重要的意义。     

增氮析氮法生成气泡去除钢液中显微非金属夹杂物

为了进一步完善增氮析氮法生成气泡去除钢液中显微非金属夹杂物技术，研究了真空处理时间、充氮压力、气体类型等因素对钢中全氧和显微非金属夹杂物的影响.结果表明：减压处理过程中，钢液中非金属夹杂物可为过饱和气体氮气形成气泡提供非均相形核核心；增氮析氮法可有效地降低钢中全氧，去除钢中显微非金属夹杂物；真空处理时间越长，钢中全氧和显微非金属夹杂物数量越低，当真空处理时间为30 min时钢中全氧去除率达到了81.6%，而且全氧质量分数最低达到7×10-6.     

镁基脱硫剂钢液脱硫试验研究

在中频感应炉中用镁基脱硫剂对钢液进行脱硫处理.结果表明,镁基脱硫剂有很好的脱硫效果,喂入镁基包芯线对钢液脱硫处理后钢液中的w\从(100～175)×10-6降至(48～72)×10-6,最高脱硫率可达59%.脱硫处理后,钢中大颗粒夹杂物明显减少,夹杂物平均粒径下降.Mg-CaO-CaF2包芯线精炼处理后,钢中10μm以下夹杂物占95.8%,其夹杂物的数量比处理前减少25.1%,精炼效果优于Mg-Fe包芯线.     

无取向硅钢RH精炼过程中夹杂物行为研究

针对无取向硅钢RH精炼工艺各阶段现场取样,系统研究了钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸及成分的演变规律及钢水的洁净度变化。结果表明,钢中夹杂物主要是Al_2O_3及其复合夹杂,尺寸大部分集中在0～2μm,形状以球形和椭球形为主。从RH进站到RH出站,钢中夹杂物数量不断减少,共减少了9.63个/mm2,而尺寸小于1μm的夹杂物仅仅减少了0.85个/mm~2,可见细小夹杂物去除效果不明显。加Al脱氧一个循环时,夹杂物体积百分数下降最快,平均去除率为71.6%,钢中平均总氧含量下降了70%,钢液的洁净度明显提高。但铝脱氧后生成大量细小夹杂物,且随着加Al循环的进行有明显长大的趋势。适当延长铝脱氧的净循环时间,可能是促进细小夹杂物充分长大去除的有效途径。     

津西H型钢冶炼过程中夹杂物行为

通过津西钢铁公司H型钢冶炼过程中全氧和氮含量的变化分析了其对H型钢质量的影响,钢中的大型夹杂物和显微夹杂物的类型、形态等.利用体积率法计算了钢中各类型夹杂物的分布情况.钢水一次脱氧不彻底,钢中T[O]高,造成夹杂物多,夹杂含量波动为裂纹的形成埋下隐患;由中间包到铸坯,夹杂物的去除率约为40%左右;大部分夹杂物来源并不单一;铸坯中显微夹杂粒径较小,0～10μm的夹杂占64%以上,而大于20μm的夹杂约占20%.     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制

为了探讨钢中细小夹杂物的形成机制,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,理论计算了脱氧产物的生成优势区图,讨论了夹杂物长大的影响因素.钢中夹杂物的组成以MgO-A12 O3-TiOx为核心,表面包裹析出MnS,钢液中未发现单独的Al2O3和TiOx夹杂;夹杂物的形貌为近球形,平均尺寸为1μm左右,数量在1000 mm-2以上.镁含量较高的钢中含有少量以MgO-Al2O3和MgO为核心的夹杂物,不利于夹杂物的球形化,镁含量宜控制在50×10-6以下.镁的脱氧能力强,形核临界尺寸小、形核数量多以及钢液中镁、铝和钛复合脱氧的高熔点产物的特性有效地控制了钢中夹杂物的扩散与碰撞长大趋势.     

高级别管线钢钙处理冶金效果研究

针对管线钢L360QS进行了钙处理实验研究,考查钢液中[Ca]、[S]对夹杂物变性的影响.结果表明,钢中的硫被脱到0.002%～0.003%(质量分数)范围内的较低水平,脱硫率最高达85.0%,与实验预期吻合.随着钢液中[S]增加,夹杂物中CaS+MnS的平均质量分数相应增加,但夹杂物中的CaS含量不一定增加.钙对夹杂物变性作用非常明显,[Ca]相对高的管线钢,其夹杂物绝大多数都变性为球形的含CaS钙铝酸盐复合夹杂,不存在MnS夹杂和MgO.Al2O3夹杂.为使氧化夹杂和硫化夹杂都变性完全,钢液中的硫的质量分数应控制在0.002%左右,钙的质量分数应控制在0.003 5%～0.004 0%,且[Ca]/[S]>1.9.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that