可调螺距桨水动力性能预报及参数影响分析

为了研究可调螺距桨调距过程中几何参数对水动力性能的影响规律,采用坐标变换原理模拟调距过程和桨叶剖面的畸变,并结合面元法理论对调距桨的水动力性能进行预报.首先将JDC7704桨在初始螺距下水动力参数的计算值与敞水实验值进行对比,验证了文中数值方法的准确性;之后在变调距角下,分析了初始设计进速系数、纵倾角、侧斜角、盘面比以及毂径比几个参数对调距桨水动力性能的影响.结果表明:水动力转叶力矩受设计进速、纵倾角、侧斜角、盘面比变化的影响十分明显;调距工况变化时,转叶力矩所受影响的程度及其趋势也会发生变化.     

船-泵相互作用对喷水推进器推进性能的影响

为研究喷水推进船快速性预报中船体与喷水推进器相互作用机理,借助于计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究船-泵相互作用对喷水推进器推进性能的影响.通过计算由k-ε湍流模型封闭的RANS方程,分别得到敞水条件下和考虑船体斜升角、纵倾等因素影响的装船后喷水推进器的三维黏性流场,敞水条件下计算结果与试验数据的良好吻合验证了数值模型和方法的可信性.不同斜升角和纵倾模型计算结果表明:船体斜升角和横倾对喷水推进器推进性能影响很小;船体尾升角和纵倾角的变化改变了船体边界层,对喷水推进器推进性能和作用因子影响很大;纵倾角由正变负,喷水推进器对船体边界层的利用增强,使流量变小,功率、推力和扬程变大;进流动量系数、进流能量系数、动量作用效率和能量作用效率均减小.喷水推进器也反作用于船体,产生使船体纵倾角减小的力矩.     

简易导管三叶可调螺距螺旋桨试验研究

近年来,上海交通大学船舶流体力学研究室对于简易导管螺旋桨及三叶可调螺距螺旋浆进行了系列试验研究并发表了相应的设计图谱[1],[3]。根据船厂和设计部门提出研制导管调距桨的要求,最近又进行了导管三叶可调螺距螺旋桨的试验研究。导管采用正倒车性能兼优的JD 7704简易导管,螺旋桨采用JDC 3-50及JDC 3-65可调螺距螺旋桨系列,其目的在于探讨这一系列性能的优劣以及积累试验经验。本文介绍初始螺距比的敞水试验结果,文中除给出敞水性征曲线外,还给出了常用的B_p~(1/2)-δ设计图谱及简易设计图谱。试验结果表明:该系列的敞水性能是满意的。     

基于RANS法的B系列对转螺旋桨敞水性能数值模拟

应用RANS法研究B系列对转螺旋桨敞水性能,对单桨和对转螺旋桨进行数值计算,研究不同湍流模型对数值结果的影响,分析研究对转螺旋桨桨距比和直径比的参数匹配问题,比较对转螺旋桨和单桨的敞水效率,剖析尾流场的变化情况,突破传统势流理论方法无法计入黏性和微观流动机理难以分析和把握等局限.数值结果表明:RSM模型的数值精度较高,且选取桨距比和直径比合适的对转螺旋桨明显提高其推进效率,对转螺旋桨后桨能吸收前桨轴向速度和尾涡能量,减小切向速度对流体扰动的影响,增大流经桨叶的流体动量,减小前桨尾流外直径,增加螺旋桨的推力,提高对转螺旋桨推进性能,具有工程实用性.     

螺旋桨CFD不确定度及叶形对桨叶变形的影响

为了研究螺旋桨在水动力作用下的变形特性,通过计算流体力学(CFD)理论,结合雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程并选用SSTk-ω湍流模型对438X系列螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值模拟;针对4381螺旋桨设计了3套网格,并进行了螺旋桨敞水性能的不确定度分析;将CFD软件计算与有限元法求解相耦合,计算所得水动力载荷通过插值技术传递给螺旋桨,以分析桨叶应力分布及其叶梢处的变形情况.结果表明,在水动力载荷作用下,复合材料螺旋桨桨叶将产生明显变形,且不同螺旋桨所产生的侧斜和纵倾等均不同,在复合材料螺旋桨的设计和流-固耦合计算中必须加以考虑.     

基于EDEM的倾斜螺旋输送机输送能力研究

为研究倾斜螺旋输送机的输送能力,将倾角、螺距、转速进行有序组合,以一定数量颗粒的输送时间为试验指标进行正交实验仿真,探索试验因素对试验指标的影响.结果表明:随着倾角的增大,螺旋输送机输送能力呈下降趋势;较大的速度可以提高输送能力,但是随着速度的增加,颗粒发生碰撞就越明显,从而导致输送能力会有所降低;螺距对输送能力也有积极的影响,但是相比于速度,影响效果不是很明显;倾角为30°,螺距为200mm,转速为120r/min,为最佳的参数组合.研究结论可为提升倾斜螺旋输送机的输送能力提供理论依据和参考.     

螺旋桨自身参数对空泡性能的影响分析

为了研究盘面比、纵倾、螺距比与侧斜对于螺旋桨空泡性能的影响，采用粘性计算流体力学方法开展了系列的数值计算分析．采用结构化网格方案，并将桨叶表面以及桨毂表面的网格进行加密．通过把4种湍流模型的计算结果与实验值对比，选择出合理的湍流模型．而后通过调整参数输入，分别改变盘面比、纵倾、侧斜和螺距比，比较螺旋桨表面空泡分布的相应变化，从而得出一些有价值的结论，为螺旋桨理论设计中参数的初步选择提供依据．     

可调螺距螺旋桨船舶的操纵运动数学模型

为利用模拟器对可调螺距螺旋桨(CPP)船舶操纵运动进行仿真,应用船舶操纵性分离建模理论,基于荷兰船模试验水池B系列螺旋桨的敞水试验结果,利用Akima插值获得了不同类型的CPP在不同螺距比时的四象限推力系数和扭矩系数,求得CPP的推力和扭矩,建立了CPP船舶的平面运动数学模型.模型充分考虑了风、流对船舶操纵的影响,并可适用于CPP船舶常速域和低速域的操纵运动仿真.仿真结果与实船试验结果吻合较好,能够满足大型船舶操纵模拟器对船舶运动数学模型仿真精度的要求.     

螺旋桨尾流流场的数值计算

主要研究拖船螺旋桨对海水流场的影响，计算了最大功率为1250kw／台双导管螺旋桨拖船系柱推力和轴向诱导速度，并利用PHOENICS与软件对该拖船双导管螺旋桨尾流流场进行了数值计算．计算结果表明：在系泊工况下，长80m、宽15m、深5m范围内，拖船螺旋桨对海水流场影响较大，螺旋桨后112．5m的海域，螺旋桨的影响已不明显．     

一种超体积准则多目标遗传算法的螺旋桨叶片优化方法

为改善螺旋桨叶片敞水效率,用结合超体积准则的多目标遗传算法优化螺旋桨桨型设计.优化过程中,桨叶形状用B样条曲线拟合,利用面元法建立桨型性能模型.将计算螺旋桨升力和阻力转化为降低阻升比、桨型面积差和压力方差三个优化目标,得到优化后的螺旋桨剖面形状,并将优化前后的螺旋桨进行流体分析.结果表明,超体积准则结合多目标遗传算法进行螺旋桨叶片优化是有效的.优化后的桨型在面积差变化较小的情况下三个目标均有明显改进,螺旋桨水动力性能达到预期目标,敞水效率提升12%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the