自催化化学沉积Ni-P合金的晶化行为及性能

对化学沉积Ni-P合金层的低温回火晶化处理进行了研究，分析了合金成分、晶化温度及时间对晶化行为和镀层硬度的影响.     

非晶镍-钴-磷化学镀层

用化学沉积方法得到非晶态镍-钴-磷镀层,并研究了非晶Ni_(51.2)Co_(39.7)P_(9.1)和Ni_(72) Co_(17.8)P_(10.2)镀层的晶化过程。结果表明,两种镀层不仅结晶相存在差异,而且具有不同的晶化机制;用作表面硬化的功能性镀层,非晶镍-钴-磷镀层与非晶镍-磷镀层相比较,具有较高的红硬性(热稳定硬度)。     

载荷对纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

用脉冲电沉积技术制备表面平整光亮的纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层.采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDS等方法研究了纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观组织结构、表面形貌和合金成分.研究了干滑动摩擦条件下纳米晶镀层的摩擦磨损性能、磨损后的组织结构和硬度的变化.结果表明：纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的晶体结构为单相面心立方结构.镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量随着摩擦载荷的提高而增大,即镀层的耐磨性随载荷的提高而下降.摩擦磨损使纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层发生晶粒长大,摩擦载荷越大,磨损后镀层的硬度越低.     

纳米Al2O3粒子增强化学镀Ni-P复合镀层的组织结构

通过化学复合镀制备纳米Al2O3粒子增强Ni-P复合镀层,并对所得纳米复合材料的组织结构进行了深入研究．场发射扫描电镜分析(FESEM)和透射电镜分析(TEM)结果表明,纳米粒子在复合镀层中含量较高且分布均匀;X射线衍射分析(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果表明,粒子没有改变复合镀层镀态结构(非晶态),但使得复合镀层晶化温度降低．根据等速升温和等温的DSC曲线对化学复合镀层的晶化过程做了动力学分析,晶化表观活化能和Avrami指数均有降低．在230℃热处理24h后,化学复合镀层发生晶化析出Ni3P,而同样条件下的Ni-P合金保持非晶态．复合镀层显微硬度值比化学镀Ni-P镀层明显提高,热处理后镀层晶化硬度值大幅提高,400℃热处理1h后达到最高值(HV50超过1150)。     

化学镀Fe-Zn镀层的显微硬度实验研究

在制得Fe-Zn合金镀层的基础上,研究二元非晶态Fe-Zn合金的显微硬度随镀液中的ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）的比值、热处理温度及镀层结构的变化关系。结果显示,随着镀层中Zn含量的增加,镀层的显微硬度先增加后减小,在ZnSO4/（ZnSO4＋FeSO4）比值为0.47时达到最大值。在热处理过程中,非晶态镀层在400℃开始晶化,此时镀层的显微硬度出现峰值。     

Fe2+浓度对20号钢表面电镀Fe-Ni合金镀层的影响

采用电沉积技术在20号钢表面制备了Fe--Ni合金层,考察了镀液中Fe2+浓度对合金镀层沉积速度、镀层成分、相结构、镀层显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响规律,并探讨了耐蚀机理.实验结果表明:电镀Fe--Ni合金可获得纳米晶结构,随镀液中Fe2+浓度增加,镀层中含铁量增大;镀层显微硬度的变化与Fe原子在Ni晶格中有序固溶程度有关;Fe--Ni合金镀层的耐蚀性均优于20号钢,当镀液Fe2+浓度为0.01 mo.lL-1时,获得镀层具有最佳的耐蚀性.随镀层中铁含量增加,具有钝化特性的高含Ni的Fe--Ni相含量减少,耐蚀性下降,但该相纳米结构显著细化,加速钝化可提高耐蚀性,这一对矛盾导致镀层耐蚀性与铁含量间没有明显的变化规律.高孔隙率也是耐蚀性下降的原因之一.     

CO-W-P刷镀层的晶化动力学与热模具寿命

研究了 ＣＯ－Ｗ－Ｐ电刷镀层加热时结构的转变。实验测定了镀层的等温和变温晶化综合动力学曲线及各种动力学参数。提出了瞬时晶化温度的概念。详细分析了晶化过程中硬度的变化，发现晶化伴随有一个硬化效果很强烈的沉淀过程。ＣＯ－Ｗ－Ｐ刷镀层能显著增进热模具的使用寿命，主要原因在于模具成形时，同时发生晶化和沉淀析出过程，产生二次硬化效应，提高了模具表层的红硬性以及热磨损抗力。     

镍磷合金镀层的强化性能与机制

本文借助于DSC热扫描仪、电子显微镜和硬度计等仪器,研究了化学沉积镍磷合金镀层的强化性能和机制。试验结果表明,随着镀层的磷含量增加,镀层硬度上升,然后下降;在热处理过程中,镀层的硬度变化经历了一个最大值过程,最高硬度出现在400℃。低磷镀层表现为沉淀强化过程,高磷镀层产生分散强化作用。     

沉积参数对Ni-Co镀层成分及微观结构影响研究

通过硫酸盐体系脉冲电沉积制备Ni-Co合金镀层,用附有能谱(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对沉积过程中CoSO4添加浓度、阴极电流密度及脉冲频率的变化对Ni-Co合金镀层成分及微观结构的影响进行了实验研究,并且测量了不同钴含量镀层的硬度值,分析了镀层硬度变化的微观机理.结果表明,CoSO4添加浓度的增加及脉冲频率的增加,会使镀层中钴含量增加;而阴极电流密度的增大,会使镀层中钴含量降低.增大镀液中CoSO4添加浓度、降低阴极电流密度和提高脉冲频率有利于提高镀层的平整度和致密性,但过高的脉冲频率会使镀层表面由最初的球状晶簇群变为分支针状晶簇群;随着镀液中CoSO4添加浓度的增加,镀层微观结构由面心立方(fcc)结构转变为面心立方和密排六方(fcc+hcp)的混合结构;镀层硬度随着镀层钴含量的增加,先增大后减小.     

Fe—P非晶合金电沉积镀层的制备及其腐蚀性能

本文以电化学方法研制Fe—P非晶合金的电沉积镀层。研究了各种电沉积条件对合金中磷含量的影响。测定了非晶合金的腐蚀性和极化曲线。实验结果指出,在开始阶段合金是活化腐蚀,合金中的磷加快了腐蚀过程,最后磷在表面的富集,使合金进入钝化状态。 对非晶合金电沉积镀层的晶化温度和硬度进行了测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that