不同类型添加剂对原油蒸馏的强化效果

以大庆原油为原料 ,分别选用芳烃浓缩油、表面活性剂和自行开发的新型活化剂作添加剂 ,通过简易蒸馏考察了 3种类型添加剂在不同添加量和不同蒸馏温度时的强化蒸馏效果。新开发的这种活化剂易与原油或渣油组分产生强化学作用力。对添加新型活化剂进行的实沸点蒸馏试验结果表明 ,添加剂类型和添加量以及蒸馏温度是影响原油蒸馏强化效果的主要因素 ,其中新型活化剂R1的强化作用明显优于其他类型的添加剂。     

不同类型添加剂对原油蒸馏的强化效果

以大庆原油为原料,分别选用芳烃浓缩油,表面活性剂和自行开发的新型活化剂作添加剂,通过简易蒸馏考察了3种类型添加剂在不同添加量和不同蒸馏。温度时的强化蒸馏效果,新开发的这种活化剂易与原油或渣油组分产生强化学作用力,对添加新型活化剂进行的实沸点蒸馏试验结果表明,添加剂类型和添加量以及蒸馏温度是影响原油蒸馏强化效果的主要因素,其中新型活化剂R1的强化作用明显优于其他类型的添加剂。     

添加剂对原油模拟蒸馏效果的影响

讨论ＨＰ５８８０Ａ气相色谱仪模拟蒸馏结果的可靠性和重复性，在此基础上初步考察了单家寺稠油与纯梁原油，催化裂化回炼油以及胜利原油和孤岛原油，重整重芳烃不同掺对比例下的蒸馏效果，结果表明，在适当的掺对比例下，馏分油的收率可以提高１．０％－４．０％。     

添加剂对原油模拟蒸馏效果的影响

讨论了ＨＰ５８８０Ａ气相色谱仪模拟蒸馏结果的可靠性和重复性。在此基础上初步考察了单家寺稠油与纯梁原油、催化裂化回炼油以及胜利原油和孤岛原油、重整重芳烃不同掺对比例下的蒸馏效果。结果表明，在适当的掺对比例下，馏分油的收率可以提高１．０％～４．０％。     

高酸值原油脱酸剂技术的实验研究

针对馏分油脱酸技术不能解决高酸值原油蒸馏过程的设备腐蚀问题,采用脱酸剂技术对高酸值原油脱酸进行实验研究。与馏分油碱洗脱酸工艺相比较,该技术可以缓解或消除石油酸对炼油设备的腐蚀;具有剂油比小、烧碱用量少、不乳化和污水排放量小等特点;有较好的脱酸效果和适应性,脱酸率达到95%;酸值为2.07 mgKOH/g的高酸值原油脱酸后,进行蒸馏切割,所得180～350 ℃馏分油的酸度<10 mgKOH/100 ml,直馏柴油不必再进行脱酸精制。提出采用原油电脱盐工艺和脱酸技术相结合的新工艺,可利用现有的工艺设备,技改费用少,易开发应用。     

对升级废旧轮胎热解油的研究

废轮胎在500℃下经催化剂ZnO催化以及脱硫剂Cu（NO3）2处理,得到初级产品油,再经蒸馏得不同温度下的馏分。实验表明,在蒸馏温度小于208℃,所得馏分为淡黄色,油腻味,颜色清亮、透明,与0#商业柴油清澈、透明相比较,颜色一致,说明符合商业柴油的基本要求;当蒸馏温度大于208℃,所得馏分颜色深黄色,油腻味,透光性较差。生物质与轮胎共热解油蒸馏实验表明,经负载5%Co/HZSM-5作催化剂得到的油品,在蒸馏温度小于208℃,与商业柴油相比,比重高了3.14%,粘度低了35.5%,热值低了20.4%;经负载10%Ni/HZSM-5做催化剂时,其馏分与0#商业柴油柴油相比,比重高了3.62%,粘度低了51.2%,热值低了15.6%。生物质油的颜色较深,气味较浓。     

添加剂对原油蒸馏拔出率的影响

采用简易蒸馏方法,研究了添加不同类型的活化蒸馏剂对卡宾达常压重油、阿曼常压重油和卡宾达与阿曼混合油(质量比为7∶3)常压重油500°C前馏分油拔出率影响,实验表明对于卡宾达常压重油,添加1%催化裂化(FCC)油浆+0.5%苯酚净增收率提高2.33%;阿曼常压重油,添加0.1%活化剂No.3,净增收率提高1.62%;对卡宾达和阿曼混合油,添加4%糠醛精制抽出油,净增收率提高1.64%。研究还发现加剂后原料油的运动粘度最小点对应较高的馏分油收率。     

活化剂对常压渣油减压拔出率的影响

在马西拉常压渣油和马西拉/卡宾达(质量比3/7)混合油常压渣油添加了具有不同长链和不同极性基团的1~5号活化剂后,用简易蒸馏的方法研究了减压拔出率变化。结果表明:富含芳烃糠醛抽出油对重油的强化作用优于FCC油浆;酚类物质在活化剂中有助活化作用;马西拉常压渣油添加0.12%(质量百分数)的3号活化剂净拔出率为2.05%;混合油常压渣油添加0.009%的5号活化剂,净拔出率达到3.34%。加活化剂后原料油的运动粘度与馏分油净增值有一定的对应关系;添加糠醛抽出油时小于350°C的轻油馏分收率有较明显的增加,5号活化剂使轻蜡油和重蜡油收率有明显增加;加剂前后减压渣油质量发生了改变。并从石油分散体系的胶体形式和稳定性入手探讨了强化蒸馏的机理。     

添加剂强化沸腾传热性能的综合评价及预测

用模糊数学的方法对添加剂强化沸腾传热的性能建立了评价及预测模型。对文献中及作者试验过的３７种添加剂强化沸腾传热的效果作了拟合评价，结果表明，有３３种添加剂的评价结果与实测结果相符合，准确率为８９．２％．此外，还对油酸钠和聚乙烯醇两种添加剂强化沸腾传热的能力作了预测，结果也与实测结果相吻合．     

肉桂油提取方法的研究

本文研究了水蒸气蒸馏提取法中,提取时间、搅拌,以及添加剂等条件对肉桂油提取率的影响,特别是在添加剂对提取率的影响方面作了有益的探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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