乙腈为溶剂的丙烯直接环氧化连续反应研究

针对无醚化副产物的丙烯环氧化工艺,以TS-1分子筛为催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,乙腈为溶剂,考察丙烯直接环氧化连续反应中反应物摩尔比、反应压力、反应温度、双氧水质量分数和进料质量空速等条件对双氧水转化率及环氧丙烷选择性的影响;研究丙烯、双氧水、乙腈体系下的丙烯环氧化反应机制以及乙醛的形成机制。结果表明:在优化的反应条件下,采用乙腈为溶剂后体系中没有醚化副产物形成,环氧丙烷的选择性为100%,双氧水的转化率和环氧丙烷的收率可达88%和71%;乙腈作为非质子性溶剂,环氧化反应活性较采用醇类溶剂时偏低,其惰性和弱碱性能有效抑制环氧丙烷的开环,从而避免生成醚化和水解副产物。     

钛硅催化剂的酸碱改性处理

在甲醇－水体系中进行丙烯环氧化反应时，丙烯与双氧水在骨架钛上生成环氧丙烷，TS－1中含有的微量酸中心能够导致环氧丙烷与溶剂反应生成丙二醇，1－甲氧基－2－丙醇和2－甲氧基－1－丙醇，还能促进双氧水的分解，降低双氧水的有效利用率，这种酸中心主要来自于TS－1中硅羟基，配位不饱和的Ti^4 产生的L酸中心与微量铝产生的B酸中心，考察了TS－1催化的丙烯与双氧水环氧化过程中的酸碱效应，以及微量添加物的作用，结果表明：添加微量钠盐（Na2CO3或NaSO4)或NH4OH可以明显提高环氧丙烷选择性，采用氨水作为微量添加物能够明显提高催化剂的稳定性，酸处理无法脱除催化剂中微量铝，反而引入了部分酸中心，结果导致环氧丙烷选择性下降。     

TS-1循环使用催化丙烯环氧化反应研究

通过间歇釜考察了TS-1循环使用时的反应性能;采用FT—IR、UV—Vis和XRF等手段对循环使用后的TS-1进行了表征,并以丙烯环氧化反应为探针考察了其催化性能．结果表明：在丙烯环氧化反应过程中,以甲醇为溶剂时,随着TS-1循环次数的增加,催化活性没有变化,但环氧丙烷选择性却随着使用次数的增加而下降;而以水为溶剂时,催化活性和环氧丙烷选择性随循环次数增加均变化不大．     

溶剂对TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的影响

溶剂对钛硅分子筛TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应具有重要影响。该文对甲醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇3种醇溶剂及丙酮、乙腈和四氢呋喃等有机溶剂中环氧化反应活性进行了研究,实验结果活性顺序为:甲醇>异丙醇>仲丁醇>乙腈>丙酮>四氢呋喃。以催化反应机理为基础,通过电子效应、空间位阻效应、溶剂极性、物理扩散和分配、溶剂氧化副反应、环氧丙烷(PO)醚化副反应、催化剂失活和丙烯溶解度等多种因素分析了溶剂对环氧化反应的影响。电子效应、空间位阻效应和溶剂极性是影响反应的重要因素,研究工作为今后同类反应溶剂的选取提供理论根据和指导,为PO清洁生产工艺的进一步工业化奠定基础。     

溶剂对TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的影响

溶剂对钛硅分子筛TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应具有重要影响,该文对甲醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇3种醇溶剂及丙酮、乙腈和四氢呋喃等有机溶剂中环氧化反应活性进行了研究,实验结果活性顺序为:甲醇>异丙醇>仲丁醇>乙腈>丙酮>四氢呋喃。以催化反应机理为基础,通过电子效应、空间位阻效应、溶剂极性、物理扩散和分配、溶剂氧化副反应、环氧丙烷(PO)醚化副反应、催化剂失活和丙烯溶解度等多种因素分析了溶剂对环氧化反应的影响。电子效应、空间位阻效应和溶剂极性是影响反应的重要因素,研究工作为今后同类反应溶剂的选取提供理论根据和指导,为PO清洁生产工艺的进一步工业化奠定基础。     

低压固定床反应器中丙烯直接环氧化连续反应

在固定床反应器中,以自制挤条成型的ZSM-5型含钛(TS-1)分子筛为催化剂,采用丙烯气相进料,并预先与双氧水的甲醇溶液混合,系统考察了液体空速、丙烯与过氧化氢摩尔比、反应温度、双氧水甲醇混合溶液中双氧水浓度以及水含量等工艺条件对丙烯直接环氧化连续反应的影响。结果表明:当反应压力为0.7MPa,反应温度为50℃,进料中wH2O2=0.015,进料液体的质量空速为48h-1时,双氧水的转化率和环氧丙烷的选择性分别在90%和85%以上。     

过氧化氢异丙苯环氧化丙烯的催化工艺

以有机钼醇化合物为催化剂,叔丁醇为溶剂,研究了过氧化氢异丙苯（CHP）氧化丙烯制环氧丙烷（PO＿的反应,考察了反应条件对氧化性能的影响,结果表明,每毫升催化剂含酸量低于150mg KOH的催化剂性能基本相同,合成的催化剂具有较强的酸性,可分解过氧化氢异丙苯,在反应混合物中加入碱性物质,可阻过氧化氢异丙苯的分解,溶剂对丙烯环氧化性能有较大的影响,以钼／1,2－丙二醇化合物为催化剂,叔丁醇为溶剂,反应温度95－105度, 时间2h-3h,压力0.5MPa-0.7MPa,过氧化氢异丙苯的转化率为34．2％,环氧丙烷的选择性为64．0％。     

空气等离子体条件下丙烯氧化反应

为研究空气等离子体对丙烯的活化作用,在室温和常压下,采用介质阻挡放电法,考察玻璃反应器材质种类及长度对丙烯转化率、环氧丙烷选择性及其他产物分布的影响.实验结果表明:介质阻挡放电法可转化丙烯和空气直接生成环氧丙烷;玻璃反应器材质种类对丙烯环氧化反应有显著影响;在其他条件不变的情况下,随着反应器长度增加,丙烯转化率迅速增加,环氧丙烷、丙醛和丙烯醛等C3类氧化产物的摩尔分数均降低.     

二氧化硅负载五氧化二钒合成、表征和催化性能研究

在以丙酮为溶剂、以V2O5/SiO2为催化剂、8-羟基喹啉为助剂的催化条件下,以过氧化氢水溶液为氧化剂,对环己烯催化氧化制备环己烯酮的催化反应体系进行了研究。考察了V2O5的负载量以及8-羟基喹啉的用量及反应温度对环己烯氧化反应的影响,发现适当的负载量有利于V2O5催化性能的提高。结果表明,当V2O5负载量(质量分数)为5%、催化剂的量和8-羟基喹啉的质量相等、反应温度为30℃时环己烯的转化率和环己烯酮的选择性较好。这源于V2O5高度分散于SiO2载体上,增大了活性组分V2O5的表面积,从而增加了其活性中心的个数及活性组分与反应物的接触面积,从而增加了催化活性。     

氧气液相氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲醛

以有机胺为溶剂，锰盐为催化剂，氧气液相氧化邻硝基甲苯制取邻硝基苯甲醛。研究了强碱氢氧化钾加入量和溶剂等对反应的影响，发现随着碱浓度的增加，邻硝基甲苯的转化率增加，邻硝基苯甲醛的收率先增后降。与间硝基甲苯的氧化结果比较表明强碱的助催化作用表现在它能从邻硝基甲苯侧链甲基上夺取一个质子使之形成碳阴离子，碳阴离子在氧气的氧化下生成产物。研究溶剂对反应的影响发现，2－甲氧基乙胺、丙胺、吗啉等有机胺类配位溶剂有利反应的进行，在甲醇等质子溶剂中不发生所希望的氧化反应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has