Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-C_2O_3

The system Al-2O-3-B-2O-3-Ce-2O-3, with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2 and Ce/(Al+B)=0.02, has been prepared at the temperature from 1 200 to 1 400℃. Relationship between luminescence and matrices in the system Al-2O-3-B-2O-3-Ce-2O-3 was investigated. It was found that some changes of the matrices occurred with Al/B ratio varying from 4.5 to 2. These results lead to a great change in luminescence properties, indicating variation of Ce-surroundings of crystal field. With the decrease of the ratio from 3 to 2, the excitation and emission peaks shift to shorter wavelengths. It was also found that a new type of rare earth luminescent materials was obtained with appropriate Al/B ratio.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

Effects of Yb^3＋ codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er^3＋-Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0-2 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase, γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 and θ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb^3＋ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0.5 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders, which were composed of θ-（Al,Er,Yb）2O3 and a small amount of γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er^3＋-yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的动态响应实验研究

为研究冲击载荷氧化铝陶瓷的动态响应特性,采用DISAR测试系统,测得了氧化铝陶瓷试件的自由面粒子速度时程曲线. 实验结果表明,在不同的实验条件下,粒子速度时程曲线的上升前沿出现了不同程度的趋缓现象,这说明陶瓷材料在冲击载荷作用下表现出了 "类塑性"的特征. 同时,实验中陶瓷材料的Hugoniot弹性极限存在着随试件厚度增加而衰减的变化规律,这在一定程度上反映了陶瓷材料的动态响应特性.      

Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及在酯交换反应中的研究

以松木为模板,采用模板法将不同含量的Al₂O₃添加到WO₃/ZrO₂复合氧化物中,采用X射线衍射、BET比表面积分析、拉曼光谱和NH₃等温吸附测试等手段对其进行表征,以评估其改进结果。将Al₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂应用到甲醇与乌桕油（非食用油）的酯交换反应中,在其他反应条件相同,Al₂O₃质量分数为3%时,生物柴油最高产率达到83.1%。结果表明：添加Al₂O₃稳定了ZrO₂的四方相结构,使得催化剂比表面积更大、孔数量增加;模板法制备的催化剂孔径分布均匀,WO₃呈高度分散无定型状态;引入Al₂O₃增加了WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂的中强酸性,对弱酸性和强酸性无明显改变。     

Structural phase transition in nanostructured γ-Fe_2O_3

Conclusions We have found that there is an exothermal peak on the DTA curve of nanostructured γ-Fe₂O₃ sample and that this peak is not repeatable. The XRD microstructure analysis confirms for the first time that this exothermal peak corresponds to the structural phase transition from γ-Fe₂O₃ to α-Fe₂O₃. After this transition, the nanostructured Fe₂O₃ crystalline grains grow continuously with increasing temperature.     

复合添加炭黑对低碳铝碳材料显微结构与性能的影响

以板状刚玉颗粒、活性氧化铝微粉、Si粉为主要原料,以N220或N990炭黑为碳源,以热固性酚醛树脂为结合剂,在埋炭条件下制备低碳铝碳材料,研究添加不同炭黑对所制得试样显微结构、抗折强度及热震稳定性的影响。结果表明,添加N220炭黑有利于促进材料的致密化和有效发挥纳米炭黑粒子对热应力的吸收作用,降低热冲击对材料结构的破坏,而添加N990炭黑有助于改善铝碳材料的孔结构,有利于试样在高温下形成长径比更大的碳化硅晶须,从而提高材料的力学性能;复合添加N220、N990炭黑能提高低碳铝碳材料试样的强度和抗热震性。材料热震后的抗折强度为7.44 MPa、残余强度保持率为53%~62%。     

Novel approaches to produce Al2O3– TiC/TiCN– Fecomposite powders directly from ilmenite

Al2O3 –TiC/TiCN–Fe composite powders were successfully prepared directly from ilmenite at 1300–1400℃.The effects of Al/C ratio,sintering atmosphere,and reaction temperature and time on the reaction products were investigated.Results showed that the nitrogen atmosphere was bene cial to the reduction of ilmenite and the formation of Al2O3 –TiC/TiCN–Fe composite powders.When the reaction temperature was between 600 and 1100℃,the intermediate products,TiO2,Ti3O5 and Ti4O7 were found,which changed to TiC or TiCN at higher temperature.Al/C ratio was found to affect the reaction process and synthesis products.When Al addition was 0.5 mol,the Al2O3 phase did not appear.The content of carbon in TiCN rose when the reaction temperature was increased.     

单层Al2O3膜在SiO2表面的第一性原理计算研究

通过建立的匹配生长超晶胞模型,研究了Al2O3/SiO2纳米异质薄膜的结构特点和电子结构.通过第一性原理计算,并与单一相的Al2O3薄膜表面进行了对比,讨论了相关的结构变化.通过分析原子位置、键长和键角的改变,研究了这种Al2O3单层膜的电子结构和化学成键.     

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到Cu-Al₂O₃粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al₂O₃粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes, CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl (质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。     

不同形貌LaBO_3型钙钛矿的制备及其催化H_2O_2分解反应性能

采用柠檬酸络合法制备了La BO3(B=Fe,Co,Ni)钙钛矿催化剂,通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅立叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征,在室温下测定了其对H2O2的催化分解能力.结果表明:催化分解能力依次为La Ni O3>La Co O3>La Fe O3,说明Ni较Co和Fe能更好地分解H2O2.通过改变La Fe O3催化剂的形貌也能提高催化剂性能,如多孔状La Fe O3较负载在SBA-15上的La Fe O3具有更好的催化分解活性.     

Nb_2O_5/CdS纳米粒子的制备及其光催化性能研究

通过简单的沉淀法合成了Nb2O5/Cd S纳米粒子,利用XRD、TEM、XPS对其进行了表征,采用制备的Nb2O5/Cd S纳米粒子在可见光照射下对罗丹明B进行了降解实验.结果表明:负载在Nb2O5表面上的Cd S粒径大小较均一,约为35 nm,在可见光照射下,Cd S质量比为20%的Nb2O5/Cd S纳米粒子光催化活性最佳,可见光照射下3 h对罗丹明B降解率为98%,经过3次循环利用,发现其具有良好的光催化稳定性.     

Synthesis and modification of well-ordered layered cathode oxide LiNi<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Oxalic-acid-based co-precipitation method was employed to prepare LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ sample with a high-ordered structure. Li⁺, Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ acetates were used as starting materials. The influence of the amount of lithium source in the starting materials on Li⁺ content, disorder of Li⁺-Ni²⁺ ions, and electrochemical performance has been investigated. Rietveld refinement shows that the sample prepared with 20% excess Li-source in the starting materials exhibits a perfect ordered structure. A specific discharge capacity is as high as 172 mAh/g at C/20 in the voltage range of 4.35–2.7 V. However, the cyclability is not satisfactory: about 25.3% fade in capacity was observed over 50 cycles. Chemically stable SiO2 was coated on the surface of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles. A significant improvement in cyclability was attained with 3 wt% SiO2 coating, which is ascribable to the protection of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles from being dissolved into the electrolyte.     

Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂基辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

用表面处理稀土氧化物Y_2O_3,GeO_2的方法制备了Y_2O_3/GeO_2/环氧树脂辐射防护材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了材料的微观结构;用多道γ谱仪测试并分析了材料的辐射防护能力.结果表明,制得的材料中的Y_2O_3和GeO_2粒子并未与环氧树脂发生键和反应,Y_2O_3与GeO_2粉末的加入明显提升了材料防护射线的效果.     

MgO对高铝高炉渣脱硫的影响及其动力学分析

随着廉价高铝铁矿石的不断使用,高炉炉渣内Al2O3含量也随之升高,这势必会影响高炉炉渣的各项冶金性能。为深入研究高铝高炉渣脱硫性能,明确MgO含量对高铝渣脱硫性能的影响,笔者通过改变高铝渣中MgO的含量,分别设定渣中MgO含量为5%、9%、13%MgO,研究不同MgO含量高炉高铝渣的脱硫性能及其脱硫动力学。结果表明:MgO含量不仅对高铝渣的黏度、脱硫能力有不同的影响,还使炉渣的脱硫速率发生了很大的改变。MgO含量越高对应的黏度越低,脱硫能力越大;但脱硫速率却表现出了不同规律,9%MgO的脱硫速率表现为最大;经过综合比较,当碱度固定为1.1、Al2O3含量固定为17%时,MgO含量为9%的炉渣同时具有较好的粘度和脱硫性能。     

Fabrication of an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by discontinuous mechanical milling for thermite reaction

In this study, a powder mixture with an Al/TiO2 molar ratio of 10/3 was used to form an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite (IMC) reinforced withα-Al2O3 ceramic by a novel milling technique, called ...     

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3的高压合成

研究使用2种原料进行PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃的高压合成. 实验结果表明, 以PbO,ZrO₂和TiO₂(1:0.52∶0.48)为原料, 在1.5 GPa和3.6 GPa压力, 880~1 061 ℃条件下主要形成PbTiO₃, ZrO₂和Pb三相混合物, 仅在880 ℃附近有少量锆钛酸铅(PZT)相生成. 以Zr_0.52Ti_0.48O₂为B位先驱体, 与PbO混合后进行高压高温合成, 在1.5 GPa, 710~812 ℃条件下形成PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃相, 未发现PbTiO3相. 对高压高温（1.5 GPa, 812 ℃）合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃样品进行变温拉曼测量, 在245 ℃时, 未发生结构相变; 在420 ℃时, 拉曼谱只有177.5,257.7,517 cm^-13个峰, 其结构由铁电相转变为立方顺电相, 因此高压合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃居里温度在420 ℃以下.      

Bi掺杂O3型NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2钠离子电池层状正极材料的制备与储钠性能

O3型NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂拥有高理论比容量且易于制备,是商业钠离子(Na⁺)电池的首选正极材料之一,但其循环稳定性仍面临挑战。利用Bi对NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂进行改性。研究发现,Bi的引入可以在晶粒生长过程中通过调节表面能实现晶粒细化,并且Bi的掺杂增加了层状正极材料的晶胞参数,为Na⁺提供了宽的扩散通道,提高了Na⁺的扩散能力,优化了Na⁺在脱嵌过程中的可逆性。改性后的NaNi_0.495Mn_0.5Bi_0.005O₂实现了在2.0～4.0 V的电势区间内0.2 C倍率下的可逆容量为138.1 mAh/g,在5 C倍率下循环100圈后容量保持率可以达到97%。     

用于邻苯基苯酚合成的Pt-K/Al2O3脱氢催化剂(Ⅱ):催化剂失活机制

采用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、元素分析、氢氧滴定(HOT)、扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)等对Pt-K催化剂可能的失活机制进行研究。结果表明:积碳并非Pt-K催化剂失活的主要原因;脱氢催化剂上铂颗粒的尺寸在运转过程中没有明显的增大,即铂中心烧结也不是催化剂失活的主要原因;Pt-K催化剂在运转过程中铂分散度明显下降而且无法通过再生恢复;Pt-K/Al2O3催化剂的失活极有可能源自催化剂运转过程中钾物种对铂中心的过度覆盖作用。